Yeast diversity associated to sediments and water from two Colombian artificial lakes

In Colombia, knowledge of the yeast and yeast-like fungi community is limited because most studies have focused on species with clinical importance. Sediments and water represent important habitats for the study of yeast diversity, especially for yeast species with industrial, biotechnological, and bioremediation potential. The main purpose of this study was to identify and compare the diversity of yeast species associated with sediment and water samples from two artificial lakes in Universidad del Valle (Cali-Colombia). Yeast samplings were performed from fifteen sediment samples and ten water samples. Grouping of similar isolates was initially based on colony and cell morphology, which was then complemented by micro/mini satellite primed PCR banding pattern analysis by using GTG5 as single primer. A representative isolate for each group established was chosen for D1/D2 domain sequencing and identification. In general, the following yeast species were identified: Candida albicans, Candida diversa, Candida glabrata, Candida pseudolambica, Cryptococcus podzolicus, Cryptococcus rajasthanensis, Cryptococcus laurentii, Williopsis saturnus, Hanseniaspora thailandica, Hanseniaspora uvarum, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Torulaspora delbrueckii, Torulaspora pretoriensis, Tricosporon jirovecii, Trichosporon laibachii and Yarrowia lypolitica. Two possible new species were also found, belonging to the Issatchenkia sp. and Bullera sp. genera. In conclusion, the lakes at the Universidad del Valle campus have significant differences in yeast diversity and species composition between them

Chromoblastomycosis caused by Rhinocladiella similis : Case report

We report a case of chromoblastomycosis in lesions on the chest and foot. Itraconazole was chosen as the initial treatment for this patient, who was followed up for 8 months before becoming noncompliant. The pathogenic fungal species was identified as Rhinocladiella similis by ITS region sequencing. In vitro analyses indicate that the fungus was sensitive to posaconazole and itraconazole. This report presents R. similis as a new agent of chromoblastomycosis and raises the hypothesis that this species could be more resistant to some antifungals than R. aquaspersa

Development of a Mesoamerican intra-genepool genetic map for quantitative trait loci detection in a drought tolerant × susceptible common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cross

Drought is a major constraint to common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production, especially in developing countries where irrigation for the crop is infrequent. The Mesoamerican genepool is the most widely grown subdivision of common beans that include small red, small cream and black seeded varieties. The objective of this study was to develop a reliable genetic map for a Mesoamerican × Mesoamerican drought tolerant × susceptible cross and to use this map to analyze the inheritance of yield traits under drought and fully irrigated conditions over 3 years of experiments. The source of drought tolerance used in the cross was the cream-seeded advanced line BAT477 crossed with the small red variety DOR364 and the population was made up of recombinant inbred lines in the F5 generation. Quantitative trait loci were detected by composite interval mapping for the traits of overall seed yield, yield per day, 100 seed weight, days to flowering and days to maturity for each field environment consisting of two treatments (irrigated and rainfed) and lattice design experiments with three repetitions for a total of six environments. The genetic map based on amplified fragment length polymorphism and random amplified polymorphic DNA markers was anchored with 60 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and had a total map length of 1,087.5 cM across 11 linkage groups covering the whole common bean genome with saturation of one marker every 5.9 cM. Gaps for the genetic map existed on linkage groups b03, b09 and b11 but overall there were only nine gaps larger than 15 cM. All traits were inherited quantitatively, with the greatest number for seed weight followed by yield per day, yield per se, days to flowering and days to maturity. The relevance of these results for breeding common beans is discussed in particular in the light of crop improvement for drought tolerance in the Mesoamerican genepool

Estudio preliminar de la produccion de acido l-aspàrtico con pseudomonas fluorescens

L-aspartic acid is a non-essential amino acid with applications in the chemical, pharmaceutical and food products. It is produced by chemical synthesis or biological, though the former has disadvantages, most prominently the racemic mixture produced. In this paper we use the native strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens and fumaric acid as a source of carbon and energy. The first step was to adapt the organism itself in a solid medium, partially replacing the source of carbon and energy from 20% to 80% in those presenting outstanding growth. The second stage was performed in liquid fermentation, in which adjustments were made from 1% to 8%, showing turbidity to 7%. Later there were the curves of biomass, substrate consumption and product training and followed the model of Monod. The maximum concentration obtained from L-aspartic acid was approximately 1.5 mMEl ácido L-aspártico es un aminoácido no esencial con aplicaciones en las industrias química, farmacéutica y de alimentos. Se puede producir por síntesis química o biológica, sin embargo la primera tiene inconvenientes, siendo el más destacado la mezcla racémica producida. En este trabajo se empleo la cepa nativa de Pseudomonas fluorescens y ácido fumárico como fuente de carbono y energía. La primera etapa consistió en adaptar el microorganismo en medio sólido propio, sustituyendo parcialmente la fuente de carbono y energía desde el 20 %hasta el 80 % en las que presento crecimiento destacado. La segunda etapa se realizo en fermentación liquida, en la cual se hicieron adaptaciones desde un 1% al 8%, mostrando turbidez hasta el 7 %. Posteriormente se realizaron las curvas de biomasa, consumo de sustrato y formación de producto y se ajustaron al modelo de Monod. La concentración máxima obtenida de ácido L- aspártico fue aproximadamente de 1.5mM. Copyright © 2007 UP

Efecto de una fitasa en la digestibilidad y actividad de tripsina y quimiotriposina en cerdos destetados

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of addition of fungal phytase (Aspergillus niger) in activity of trypsin and chymotripsin and nutrient digestibility in crossed pigs (Yorkshire x Landrace, 11.46 kg BW). In both experiments it was used a basal diet elaborated with sorghum and soybean meal, the treatments (T) were the following: T1, basal diet, and T2, basal plus 500 units of phytase activity (FTU) per kg In the exp. 1 six cannulated pigs in the pancreatic duct were used, which were adapted to the diets during 5 days before sample collection. The collection of pancreatic juice was done at 15 min interval from 08:00 to 20:00. The feed was offered twice per day. In the exp. 2, twenty pigs were fed with similar diets than exp. 1. The phytase did not show effects in the weight and the length of the pancreas, or either in the activity of the trypsin and chymotripsin. The addition of phytase increased the digestibility of protein (p<0.10) from 78.81 to 81.60% and NDF (p<0.11) from 81.87 to 85.54%. No differences were observed in digestibility of Ca, P and Fe. The digestibility of Mg and Zn were also not affected by phytase. In conclusion, these results indicate that the addition of fungal phytase to pig diets did not affect trypsin and chymotrypsin activity neither total mineral digestibility in gastrointestinal tract.Se realizaron dos experimentos para evaluar el efecto de la adición de fitasa fungal (Aspergillus niger) en la actividad de tripsina y quimotripsina y digestibilidad de nutrientes en cerdos cruzados (Yorkshire x Landrace, 11,5 kg peso vivo). En ambos experimentos se empleó una dieta base formulada con sorgo y pasta de soya; los tratamientos (T) fueron los siguientes: T1, dieta base, y T2, base adicionada con 500 unidades de actividad fitásica (FTU) por kg de alimento. En el exp. 1 se utilizaron seis cerdos canulados en conducto pancreático, los cuales fueron adaptados a las dietas durante 5 d, previo a la colecta de muestras. La colección de jugo pancreático se hizo a intervalos de 15 min, de 08:00 a 20:00 h, durante 5 d. El alimento se ofreció dos veces al día (08:00 y 20:00 h). En el exp. 2 se utilizaron 20 cerdos alimentados con dietas similares del exp. 1 para estimar la digestibilidad total aparente de MS, MO, FDN, P, Ca, Mg, Zn y Fe. La fitasa no tuvo efectos en el peso y la longitud del páncreas, ni tampoco en la actividad de la tripsina y de la quimotripsina. La adición de fitasa incrementó la digestibilidad de la proteína (p<0,10) de 78,81 a 81,60% y la de la FDN (p<0,11) de 81,87 a 85,54%. No se observaron diferencias en la digestibilidad del Ca, P y Fe. La digestibilidad de Mg y Zn tampoco se afectó por la adición de fitasa. En conclusión, estos resultados indican que la adición de fitasa fungal a dietas para cerdos no afecta la actividad de tripsina y quimotripsina ni la digestibilidad en tubo digestivo total de minerales en cerdos

Comentarios sobre registros recientes e históricos del oso de anteojos, Tremarctos ornatus, en la Cordillera Central del departamento de Caldas, Colombia

In the volume 9(2) of Mammalogy Notes, a novel record of the spectacled bear, Tremarctos ornatus, was presented for the Central Cordillera in the department of Caldas, Colombia. The record was obtained in the municipality of Salamina, in an area with anthropic intervention and it is supported by a single lateral photograph of an individual considered adult. However, a careful evaluation of the photograph shows that the size of the individual, together with the differentiated coloration between the back and the neck, the length of the coat, the shape of the body and especially the ears, that the record corresponds with a tayra, Eira barbara. Although the presence of the spectacled bear in the Central Cordillera of Colombia has been documented for departments such as Tolima, there are still no validated records indicating its presence in in this sector of Caldas. Caution is recommended during the analysis of the evidence supporting novel findings with implications for species conservation and management in disturbed habitats.En el número 9(2) de Mammalogy Notes, se presentó un registro novedoso del oso de anteojos, Tremarctos ornatus, para la cordillera Central en el departamento de Caldas, Colombia. El registro fue obtenido en el municipio de Salamina, en una zona con intervención antrópica y está basado sobre una única fotografía lateral de un individuo considerado adulto. Sin embargo, una evaluación minuciosa de la fotografía demuestra que el tamaño del individuo con respecto al fondo, junto con la coloración diferenciada entre el lomo y el cuello, el largo del pelaje, la forma del cuerpo, en especial de las orejas y el tamaño de las patas respecto al cuerpo, que el registro corresponde a un individuo adulto de taira, Eira barbara. Aunque la presencia del oso andino en la cordillera Central de Colombia ha sido documentada para departamentos como el Tolima, Quindío, y Risaralda, aún hay carencia de registros validados que indiquen su presencia en la zona del registro en este sector de Caldas. Se recomienda mayor cuidado en el análisis de la evidencia presentada para soportar hallazgos novedosos que tienen implicaciones para la conservación y manejo de especies amenazadas en paisajes intervenidos

Strategies for the development of competences and complex thinking in the classroom in the Administrative Economic area

En este capítulo se recopilan los aspectos relevantes que se toman de las propuestas de los miembros del grupo del área Económico-Administrativa. Específicamente, se enfatizó la forma en que las propuestas abordan las dimensiones de las competencias y el pensamiento complejo. En este sentido, es importante aclarar que algunas de las propuestas abordan los otros dos focos temáticos del Proyecto pero en este momento no se retoman en detalle. Se hace una presentación breve de la estrategia, normalmente tomada de los documentos originales y, en algunos casos, con ajustes para disminuir su extensión. Al final de cada estrategia se consigna un cuadro síntesis donde se señala el documento fuente para ampliar la información de cada caso

Strategies for the incorporation of research in learning processes in the economic-administrative area

En este capítulo se recopilan los aspectos relevantes que se toman de las propuestas de los miembros del grupo del área Económico-Administrativa. Específicamente, se enfatizó la forma en que las propuestas abordan las dimensiones de las competencias y el pensamiento complejo. En este sentido, es importante aclarar que algunas de las propuestas abordan los otros dos focos temáticos del Proyecto pero en este momento no se retoman en detalle. Se hace una presentación breve de la estrategia, normalmente tomada de los documentos originales y, en algunos casos, con ajustes para disminuir su extensión. Al final de cada estrategia se consigna un cuadro síntesis donde se señala el documento fuente para ampliar la información de cada cas