Catalytic Dehydrogenation of para-Diethyl Benzene to para-Divinyl Benzene over Iron Oxide Supported Catalyst

The vapor-phase catalytic dehydrogenation of para-diethyl benzene (PDEB) to para-divinyl benzene (PDVB) with super-heated steam as a diluent was investigated using alumina supported iron oxide catalyst system. During the catalytic dehydrogenation reaction, ethyl styrene (EST) and thermal cracking products were observed as side products. It was found that various reaction parameters influence the rate of dehydrogenation reaction. However, the reaction is favored by high temperature and low reaction pressure. Moreover, addition of potassium into iron-oxide catalyst acts as a promoter and thereby increases the efficiency of the catalyst. The conversion of PDEB and yield of PDVB also increases as the Water/PDEB flow ratio increases. Copyright © 2019 BCREC Group. All rights reserve

Synthesis of 2-propylheptanol from 1-pentanal in a single pot using bi-functional ruthenium hydrotalcite catalyst in batch and flow reactors

451-458Ruthenium containing hydrotalcite (Ru-HT) has been synthesized and used as a bi-functional catalyst in batch and continuous flow fixed bed reactor for aldol condensation of 1-pentanal followed by hydrogenation of aldol condensation product in a single pot without changing the reaction conditions. Activated Ru-HT catalyst shows higher conversion of 1-pentanal (83%) than as-synthesized Ru-HT sample (59% conversion of 1-pentanal) for aldol condensation of 1-pentanal. Higher catalytic activity of activated Ru-HT catalyst is observed under solvent free conditions as compared to methanol as the solvent

Thermodynamics of transfer of sorbitol and mannitol from water to aqueous solutions of urea, guanidine hydrochloride and sodium chloride

Integral enthalpies of solution at 298.15 and 308.15 K and densities at 298.15 K for sorbitol and mannitol in aqueous solutions of urea (2, 4 and 6 mol kg-1), guanidine hydrochloride (2 and 4 mol kg-1) and sodium chloride (2 and 4 mol kg-1) have been determined. These data have been used to derive thermodynamic functions (viz. enthalpy, heat capacity and partial molal volumes) for transfer from water to aqueous solutions of urea, guanidine hydrochloride and sodium chloride. The thermodynamic data have been rationalized in terms of polyol-cosolute interactions. The difference in the behaviour of sorbitol and mannitol has been explained in terms of a specific hydration model

Solvent-free synthesis of jasminaldehyde using double metal cyanide based solid acid catalysts

1564-1569The catalytic activity of Fe-Zn double metal cyanide catalysts is studied for the solvent-free synthesis of jasminaldehyde by liquid phase condensation of benzaldehyde and 1-heptanal at 433 K. The highest conversion of 1-heptanal (93%) with 77% selectivity to jasminaldehyde is achieved under the optimum reaction conditions. The presence of co-ordinatively unsaturated Zn2+ in the structural framework of Fe-Zn double metal cyanide assists the condensation reaction. The effects of complexing and co-complexing agent, amount of catalyst, benzaldehyde to 1-heptanal molar ratio and temperature on the selectivity of jasminaldehyde is reported