Traffic Network Optimum Principle - Minimum Probability of Congestion Occurrence

We introduce an optimum principle for a vehicular traffic network with road bottlenecks. This network breakdown minimization (BM) principle states that the network optimum is reached, when link flow rates are assigned in the network in such a way that the probability for spontaneous occurrence of traffic breakdown at one of the network bottlenecks during a given observation time reaches the minimum possible value. Based on numerical simulations with a stochastic three-phase traffic flow model, we show that in comparison to the well-known Wardrop's principles the application of the BM principle permits considerably greater network inflow rates at which no traffic breakdown occurs and, therefore, free flow remains in the whole network.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figure

Prognostic factors in metaplastic carcinoma of the breast: A multi-institutional study

Background: Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is a rare type of breast cancer that has basal-like characteristics and is perceived to have poorer prognosis when compared with conventional no specific type/ductal carcinomas (ductal/NST). However, current data on MBC are largely derived from small case series or population-based reports. This study aimed to assess the clinicopathological features and outcome of MBC identified through an international multicentre collaboration. Methods: A large international multicentre series of MBC (no=405) with histological confirmation and follow-up information has been included in this study. The prognostic value of different variables and outcome has been assessed and compared with grade, nodal status and ER/HER2 receptor-matched ductal/NST breast carcinoma. Results: The outcome of MBC diagnosed in Asian countries was more favourable than those in Western countries. The outcome of MBC is not different from matched ductal/NST carcinoma but the performance of the established prognostic variables in MBC is different. Lymph node stage, lymphovascular invasion and histologic subtype are associated with outcome but tumour size and grade are not. Chemotherapy was associated with longer survival, although this effect was limited to early-stage disease. In this study no association between radiotherapy and outcome was identified. Multivariate analysis of MBC shows that histologic subtype is an independent prognostic feature. Conclusions: This study suggests that MBC is a heterogeneous disease. Although the outcome of MBC is not different to matched conventional ductal/NST breast carcinoma, its behaviour is dependent on the particular subtype with spindle cell carcinoma in particular has an aggressive biological behaviour. Management of patients with MBC should be based on validated prognostic variables

New Insights into Traffic Dynamics: A Weighted Probabilistic Cellular Automaton Model

From the macroscopic viewpoint for describing the acceleration behavior of drivers, this letter presents a weighted probabilistic cellular automaton model (the WP model, for short) by introducing a kind of random acceleration probabilistic distribution function. The fundamental diagrams, the spatio-temporal pattern are analyzed in detail. It is shown that the presented model leads to the results consistent with the empirical data rather well, nonlinear velocity-density relationship exists in lower density region, and a new kind of traffic phenomenon called neo-synchronized flow is resulted. Furthermore, we give the criterion for distinguishing the high-speed and low-speed neo-synchronized flows and clarify the mechanism of this kind of traffic phenomena. In addition, the result that the time evolution of distribution of headways is displayed as a normal distribution further validates the reasonability of the neo-synchronized flow. These findings suggest that the diversity and randomicity of drivers and vehicles has indeed remarkable effect on traffic dynamics.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Europhysics Letter

Hubungan Rinosinusitis Kronik Dengan Rinitis Alergi

Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory disease caused by an allergic reaction in patients who have a history of atopy who have previously been sensitized with the same allergens. In Indonesia, the prevalence of allergic rhinitis varies between 1.5% - 12% and has increased every year. Many etiological and predisposing factors that can cause chronic rhinosinusitis include ARI due to viruses, various types of rhinitis, especially allergic rhinitis. This type of research is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional study design. The data used are secondary data with medical record data in the ENT Polyclinic, Bintang Amin Hospital, Bandar Lampung in 2018-2019. Relationship analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test. Then the data that has been obtained is processed using the Statical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) program. Respondents with an HbA1c value≥9% were 31 people (63.3%), while Obtained respondents with the frequency distribution of allergic rhinitis in Bintang Amin Hospital Bandar Lampung in 2018-2019 with a frequency of 26 people (63.4%). Respondents with Chronic rhinosinusitis frequency distribution in Bintang Amin Hospital in Bandar Lampung in 2018-2019 were 25 people (61.0%). The Relationship between Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Alerfi Rhinitis in Bintang Amin Hospital in Bandar Lampung in 2018-2019. Evidently there is a relationship with p> 0.006 tested by Chi-Square. Which means there is a relationship between chronic rhinosinusitis and allergic rhinitisRinitis Alergi adalah penyakit inflamasi yang disebabkan oleh adanya reaksi alergi pada pasien yang mempunyai riwayat atopi yang sebelumnya sudah tersensitasi dengan alergen yang sama.  Di Indonesia sendiri prevalensi rinitis alergi bervariasi antara 1,5 % - 12 % dan mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya. Banyak faktor etiologi dan predisposisi yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya rinosinusitis kronik antara lain adalah ISPA akibat virus, berbagai macam jenis rinitis terutama rinitis alergi. Jenis penelitian yang digunkan adalah penelitian analitik observasional dengan rancangan studi cross-sectional. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dengan data rekam medik yang ada di Poli THT RS Bintang Amin Bandar Lampung Tahun 2018-2019. Analisis hubungan dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Kemudian data yang telah didapat diolah dengan menggunakan program Statical Product and Service Solution (SPSS). Didapatkan Responden dengan Distribusi frekuensi Rinitis Alergi di RS Bintang Amin Bandar Lampung Tahun 2018-2019 dengan frekuensi yaitu 26 orang (63,4 %). Responden dengan Distribusi frekuensi Rinosinusitis Kronik di RS Bintang Amin Bandar Lampung Tahun 2018-2019 yaitu sebanyak 25 orang (61,0 %)

PENGARUH LABEL HALAL DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN (Survei pada Konsumen Es Krim Mixue Golden Square Baleendah)

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh label halal dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap keputusan pembelian pada konsumen Toko Es Krim Mixue Golden Square baik secara simultan maupun secara parsial. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dan verifikatif. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah non-probability sampling dengan jumlah populasi sebanyak 661 orang dan jumlah sampel sebanyak 76 orang. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda, analisis korelasi berganda, analisis koefisien determinasi, dan uji hipotesis dengan menggunakan program SPSS 26. Hasil penelitian secara simultan menunjukkan bahwa label halal dan kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian sebesar 87,2% sedangkan sisanya sebesar 12,8% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti. Secara parsial menunjukkan bahwa label halal berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian sebesar 22,8% dan kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian sebesar 64,4%. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kualitas pelayanan memberikan pengaruh paling besar terhadap keputusan pembelian. Kata kunci: Label Halal, Kualitas Pelayanan, dan Keputusan Pembelia

PPFIA1 expression associates with poor response to endocrine treatment in luminal breast cancer

BackgroundPPFIA1 is an important regulator of cell migration and invasion, regulating focal adhesion signalling and disassembly. PPFIA1 is frequently amplified in breast cancer, and recent functional studies indicate that PPFIA1 is an important promoter of migration and invasion in breast cancer. This study aims to evaluate the utility of PPFIA1 expression in the luminal breast cancer as a prognostic marker to predict the response to endocrine therapy.MethodsLarge, well-characterised cohorts of primary luminal breast cancer patients with long-term follow-up was assessed for the clinical impact of PPFIA1 expression at the transcriptomic and proteomic levels. Prognostic significance of PPFIA1 and its relationship with clinical outcome and benefit of endocrine therapy were analysed. In addition, its association with other related-genes was analysed.ResultsThere was significant association between PPFIA1 expression and a member of the liprin family that involves in cell invasion (PPFIBPI), and the cell cycle regulator (CCND1), whereas a negative association was observed with the tumour suppressor gene (CD82). Patients with high PPFIA1 expression were associated with high risk of recurrence, distant metastasis and death from breast cancer (P< 0.05). Importantly, high PPFIA1 expression predicted relapse in a subset of patients who were subject to endocrine treatment alone, and was an independent prognostic marker of unfavourable outcome in these patients (P< 0.05).ConclusionsThese findings support the proposed role for PPFIA1 as a regulator of cell migration in breast cancer and provides definitive evidence for the clinical utility of PPFIA1 expression in patients with luminal breast cancer. Most importantly, our data suggests that PPFIA1 might be a potential predictive marker for poor benefit from endocrine therapy

Kinesin family member-18A (KIF18A) is a predictive biomarker of poor benefit from endocrine therapy in early ER+ breast cancer

PURPOSE: Identification of effective and reliable biomarkers that could be used to predict the efficacy of endocrine therapy is of crucial importance to the management of oestrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer (BC). KIF18A, a key regulator of cell cycle, is overexpressed in many human cancers, including BC. In this study, we investigated the role of KIF18A as a biomarker to predict the benefit from endocrine treatment in early ER + BC patients.METHODS: KIF18A expression was assessed at the genomic level using the METABRIC dataset to explore its prognostic and predictive value in ER + BC patients (n = 1506). Predictive significance of KIF18A mRNA was validated using KM-Plot datasets (n = 2061). KIF18A protein expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry in a large annotated series of early-stage ER + BC (n = 1592) with long-term follow-up.RESULTS: High mRNA and protein expression of KIF18A were associated with short recurrence-free survival (RFS), distant-metastasis free survival (DMFS) and BC specific survival (all P  less than 0.05) in ER + BC in patients who received no adjuvant treatment or adjuvant endocrine therapy. In multivariate analysis, high KIF18A expression was an independent prognostic biomarker for poor RFS (P = 0.027) and DMFS (P = 0.028) in patients treated with adjuvant endocrine therapy.Conclusion: KIF18A appears to be a candidate biomarker of a subgroup of ER + BC characterised by poor clinical outcome. High KIF18A expression has prognostic significance to predict poor benefit from endocrine treatment for patients with ER + BC. Therefore, measurement of KIF18A on ER + BC patients prior to treatment could guide clinician decision on benefit from endocrine therapy