Adamantinoma: A clinicopathological review and update

Adamantinoma is a primary low-grade, malignant bone tumor that is predominantly located in the mid-portion of the tibia. The etiology of the tumor is still a matter of debate. The initial symptoms of adamantinoma are often indolent and nonspecific and depend on location and extent of the disease. Histologically, classic adamantinoma is a biphasic tumor characterized by epithelial and osteofibrous components that may be intermingled with each other in various proportions and differentiating patterns. To assure the histological diagnosis, pathologists should employ immunohistochemistry for demonstrating the sometimes sparse epithelial cell nests when the radiological features are suggestive of adamantinoma. There is paucity of compiled data over adamantinoma in the literature, hence authors tried to make a comprehensive review which must be of use to beginners and trained pathologists. Our objective is to further define the clinicoradiologic features and pathologic spectra of adamantinoma

Prognostic and predictive value of c-erbB2 overexpression in osteogenic sarcoma

Background: Osteogenic sarcoma (OS) is a highly malignant tumor of the bone. There are few reports in the literature regarding determination of c-erb B-2 (HER-2/neu) expression in cases of OS and also the results are quite variable. Aim: The present study was undertaken to correlate the expression of c-erbB2 with the survival of patients of OS. Settings and Design: A retrospective study of cases of OS, in which the expression of c-erbB-2 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) was studied and correlated with the survival rate of the patients. Materials and Methods: Out of a total of 49 cases, proper follow up data in the form of total and disease free survival was available in only 20 cases. IHC for c-erb-B2 was carried out in these 20 cases. Results: The staining pattern was as follows: no staining in 3 cases, 1 + in 5 cases, 2 + in 3 cases, 3 + in 3 cases and 4 + cytoplasmic positivity in 6 cases. Statistical analysis: Spearman rank correlation test was used to correlate the intensity of cytoplasmic staining of c-erbB-2 with survival rate of the patients, response to chemotherapy and metastasis. Conclusions: Previous studies have shown that c-erbB-2/ HER-2 is an independent prognostic factor in osteogenic sarcoma, but in the present study, its expression was not seen to be correlating with survival rate of the patients. Therefore, further studies are needed to reach a consensus regarding the reliability of c-erbB-2 as an independent prognostic factor in OS

Oral administration of encapsulated bovine lactoferrin protein nanocapsules against intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii

Toxoplasma gondii is a deadly intracellular parasite known to reside in every nucleated cell and known to cause severe complications in immunocompromised host. Standard drugs are cost effective and cause side effects, therefore, there is a necessity for a new drug molecule with immunomodulatory potential. Lactoferrin (Lf) is a natural milk protein, which has shown antimicrobial properties in its nanoformulation using alginate chitosan calcium phosphate bovine lactoferrin nanocapsules (AEC-CCo-CP-bLf-NCs). The present study was aimed to analyze and compare the effect of bovine Lf (bLf) in its native as well as nanoformulation (AEC-CCo-CP-bLf-NC) against coccidian parasite T. gondii. In vitro analysis has shown a significant increase in nitric oxide production and low parasitemia in in vitro cell culture model. In vivo BALB/c mice model have been used to develop human toxoplasmosis model. After treatment with NCs it has substantially increased the bioavailability of the protein and showed comparatively increased levels of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide production, and Th1 cytokine which helped in parasite clearance. The mechanism of action of NCs has been clarified by immunoreactivity analysis, which showed accumulation of Lf in macrophages of various visceral organs, which is the site of parasite multiplication. Effect of NCs has significantly decreased (P<0.05) the parasite load in various organs and helped survival of mice till day 25 postinfection. Fe metabolism inside the mice has been found to be maintained even after administration of mono form of Lf, this indicates novelty of Lf protein. From the present study we concluded that nanoformulation did not reduce the therapeutic potential of Lf protein; however, nanoformulation has enhanced the stability of the protein and shown anti-toxoplasmal activity. Our study presents for the first time nanoformulation of Lf protein against Toxoplasma, which has advantages over the standard drug therapy without any side effects

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of kidney

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the kidney is a very rare entity with no definite treatment protocol. Herein, we describe one such case with discussion of its diagnosis and management. The patient had a well circumscribed mass in right kidney extending into the inferior vena cava and metastasis to both the lungs. Right nephrectomy was performed and the histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis to be renal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. After surgical removal of the tumor, the patient was given chemotherapy with Cisplatin and Epirubicin, following which there was significant regression of lung nodules

Prognostic and predictive value of c-erbB2 overexpression in osteogenic sarcoma

Background: Osteogenic sarcoma (OS) is a highly malignant tumor of the bone. There are few reports in the literature regarding determination of c-erb B-2 (HER-2/neu) expression in cases of OS and also the results are quite variable. Aim: The present study was undertaken to correlate the expression of c-erbB2 with the survival of patients of OS. Settings and Design: A retrospective study of cases of OS, in which the expression of c-erbB-2 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) was studied and correlated with the survival rate of the patients. Materials and Methods: Out of a total of 49 cases, proper follow up data in the form of total and disease free survival was available in only 20 cases. IHC for c-erb-B2 was carried out in these 20 cases. Results: The staining pattern was as follows: no staining in 3 cases, 1 + in 5 cases, 2 + in 3 cases, 3 + in 3 cases and 4 + cytoplasmic positivity in 6 cases. Statistical analysis: Spearman rank correlation test was used to correlate the intensity of cytoplasmic staining of c-erbB-2 with survival rate of the patients, response to chemotherapy and metastasis. Conclusions: Previous studies have shown that c-erbB-2/ HER-2 is an independent prognostic factor in osteogenic sarcoma, but in the present study, its expression was not seen to be correlating with survival rate of the patients. Therefore, further studies are needed to reach a consensus regarding the reliability of c-erbB-2 as an independent prognostic factor in OS

Improvement in Blood Supply After “Heparin-Dextran” Therapy in Patients of Buerger’s Disease with Critical Limb Ischemia

Il presente lavoro si propone di monitorare, attraverso la raccolta di dati quantitativi e qualitativi, l’andamento dell’iniziativa “Fai il pieno di cultura”, che ha avuto luogo a maggio 2008 con il sostegno e la promozione di Regione Lombardia. Rispetto alla programmazione degli anni precedenti, “Fai il pieno di cultura” ha introdotto numerosi elementi di complessità, perché ha accorpato iniziative già esistenti ma distinte, prolungandone la durata su tre giorni e intensificando le attività, con diffusione su tutto il territorio regionale. La verifica dei risultati raggiunti, attraverso la somministrazione di un questionario al pubblico presente all’iniziativa e l’organizzazione di due focus group con gli operatori delle istituzioni culturali che hanno aderito, costituisce quindi una fase fondamentale del progetto: non solo per stimare la validità degli investimenti - materiali e immateriali - sostenuti, ma anche per la possibilità che un’analisi retrospettiva offre di riconoscere gli aspetti critici di successo (o insuccesso) e disporre così degli strumenti adeguati per sostenere una strategia di intervento mirata. Tale verifica costituisce inoltre un’opportunità per avviare un approfondimento sul consumo culturale sull’intero territorio regionale (sono state considerate 59 istituzioni distribuite su 30 comuni), in particolare nei musei e nelle biblioteche, per analizzare quella relazione di scambio tra patrimonio culturale, in senso lato, e comunità, che oggi rappresenta una delle leve principali sulle quali concentrare le forze per avviare o intensificare processi di sviluppo locale

Primary plasmablastic lymphoma of the central nervous system in an immunocompetent man: A case report and review of literature

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is an aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma classically occurring in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It has a predilection for the oral cavity and jaw. However, recent case reports have shown this variety of lymphoma in the stomach, lung, nasal cavity, cervical lymph nodes and jejunum in HIV-negative individuals. In this manuscript we report a case of primary PBL of brain in an HIV-negative heterosexual man, who presented with multiple episodes of seizures and hemiparesis. It proved a diagnostic challenge as initial stereotactic brain biopsy showed only few necrotic fragments and possibility of glioblastoma multiforme was rendered. Later patient underwent craniotomy and subsequent histopathology combined with immunohistochemistry led us in making a correct diagnosis of extramedullary PBL. Extensive systemic work up failed to reveal any disease outside the central nervous system. Only single case of primary PBL of brain in HIV-negative individual has been reported until date. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second report to suggest such an association

Higher magnification to show hyperchromatic cells with moderate nuclear pleomorphism H & E × 600

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Adamantinoma: A clinicopathological review and update"</p><p>http://www.diagnosticpathology.org/content/3/1/8</p><p>Diagnostic Pathology 2008;3():8-8.</p><p>Published online 15 Feb 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2276480.</p><p></p