Disintegration of the former SFR Yugoslavia and changes in the ethno-confessional structure of some cities of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Disintegration of Yugoslav state union, which was carried out marked by ethnic conflicts and creation of new political and geographical subjectivities, resulted in major changes in ethnical and ethno-confessional structure of most of the urban settlements in Bosnia and Herzegovina and especially those which until 1992 had a heterogeneous structure according to listed features. In this context, the biggest changes were recorded in three urban settlements: Sarajevo, Banja Luka and Mostar. Today, these settlements have a role of poles of development and affirmation of individual ethno-national ethno-confessional interests. Sarajevo - of Bosniaks and Islam, Banja Luka - of Serbs and Orthodoxy and Mostar - of Croats and Catholicism. Changes in ethnical and ethno-confessional structure of population of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the period from 1992 to 1995, strongly contributed to the territorial organization of Bosnia and Herzegovina into two entities, the Republic of Srpska with Serbian majority and Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina within which the cantons are formed either with the Croatian or Bosniak majority. This division of Bosnia and Herzegovina, according to ethnical or ethno-confessional principle, is again a source of different, and usually conflicting, geopolitical relations and aspirations between mentioned constituents

O nacionalnom radu Mihajla Pupina

Michael I. Pupin was a professor at the University of Columbia, member and the president of Academy of Science in New York; one of the esteemed members of USA National Academy of Science; member and president of many experts and scientific institutions and societies in the USA; member of State Council for Scientific Research by president of the USA during the World War I. Of the great importance for political geography and geopolitics was his activity in Paris during the Peace Conference after the World War I in 1919 also as his great contribution to establishment of state borders of Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians (later Yugoslavia), which helped those nations to establish their national borders at maximum level. Pupin claimed that he was Yugoslav patriot and American citizen. Role of M. Pupin in battle for national interests and Yugoslav borders after the World War I is shown in this article.Mihajlo Idvorski Pupin (Michael I. Pupin) je bio profesor Kolumbija univerziteta; član i predsednik Akademije nauka Njujorka; jedan od uglednih članova Nacionalne akademije nauka SAD; član i predsednik mnogih stručnih i naučnih ustanova i udruženja u SAD; član Državnog saveta za naučna istraživanja pri Predsedniku SAD u vreme Prvog svetskog rata. Za političku geografiju i geopolitiku je značajna njegova aktivnost u Parizu za vreme Mirovne konferencije po završetku Prvog svetskog rata 1919. godine i njegov veliki doprinos uspostavljanju granica tadašnje kraljevine SHS, kasnije Jugoslavije, što je omogućilo Slovencima, Hrvatima i Srbima da maksimalno uokvire svoje nacionalne granice. Pupin je za sebe tada isticao da je on jugoslovenski patriota i američki građanin. U ovom radu je prikazana uloga M. Pupina u borbi za nacionalne interese i jugoslovenske granice posle Prvog svetskog rata

Srpska nacionalna geografija - teorijska utemeljenost i moguća uloga u rješavanju savremenih geopoltičkih problema u srpskim zemljama

The paper discusses the position of national geography within the system of geography as a unique science or being one of the geographical branches. Regarding this, the subject matter, tasks, and goals of national geography are being defined. From the theoretical, conceptual, and practical points of view, national geography refers to a dual approach to the subject matter. On one hand, there is the geography of states, depending on whether the states originate from an ethnical-national principle, or they are civil states in which all the citizens belong to the same nation regardless of their ethnicity or any other characteristic. On the other side, national geography is connected with the ethnic territoriality of a nation no matter whether a nation belongs to one or several countries, all of which tightly refers to Serbian national geography. Based on the relevant researches of geography and its complementary sciences, there have been hypotheses that potentially solve the issues of Serbian geospace (Serbian lands). Among these, we stress out the issues of territorial organization and position of Serbian ethnos within the existing political-territorial systems (geographical forms) Regarding this one and many other issues of Serbian geospace within the spheres of political, economic, social, cultural, and other aspects o f development as well as with the reference to natural resources, or environment, in the past century or so, Serbian national geography has provided and is still providing possible solutions through models that might grant overall progress of the Serbian nation and spirit without threatening the legitimate interests of other ethnical groups within the Serbian geospace - including those who have attained the status of a nation through the process of ethnogenesis over both short and long time periods, and thereby affected the Serbian national being.U radu se govori o mjestu nacionalne geografije u sistemu geografije kao jedinstvene nauke ili jedne iz sistema geografskih nauka. U vezi s tim, definišu se predmet, zadaci i ciljevi proučavanja nacionalne geografije. S teorijskog, konceptualnog i praktičnog stanovišta nacionalna geografija podrazumijeva dvojak pristup predmetu istraživanja. S jedne strane radi s o geografiji država bez obzira na to jesu li one nastale na etnonacionalnom principu ili se radi o građanskim državama gdje svi građani, ma kakva etnička ili bilo koja druga obilježja imaju, pripadaju istoj naciji. S druge strane, nacionalna geografija veže se za etnoteritorijalnost nacije bez obzira na to da li TA nacija pripada jednoj ili više država, što se u potpunosti odnosi na srpsku nacionalnu geografiju. Na bazi relevantnih geografskih istraživanja i istraživanja srodnih nauka daju se pretpostavke za moguća rješenja ključnih problema u srpskom geoprostoru (srpskim zemljama), od kojih u prvi plan stavljamo probleme teritorijalne organizacije i položaj srpskog etnosa u postojećim političko-teritorijalnim sistemima (geografskim formama). U vezi s pomenutim i nizom ostalih problema u srpskom geoprostoru iz sfere političkog, ekonomskog, socijalnog, kulturnog i ostalih vidova razvoja, te u vezi s problematikom prirodnih resursa, životne sredine i sl., srpska nacionalna geografija u posljednjih sto i više godina dala je i daje moguća rješenja u formi modela koji će obezbijediti sveobuhvatan razvoj srpskog nacionalnog bića i njegovo duhovno jedinstvo, ne dovodeći u pitanje legitimne interese ostalih etnosa u srpskom geoprostoru, pa i onih koji su procesom etnogeneze u dužem ili kraćem istorijskom periodu došli do statusa nacije na račun srpskog etnosa i srpskog nacionalnog bić

Effect of thermal stress of short duration on the red blood cell parameters of Barbus balcanicus Kotlik, Tsigenopulos, Rab, Berrebi, 2002

In this study, red blood cell parameters of Barbus balcanicus Kotlik, Tsigenopulos, Rab, Berrebi, 2002 subjected to acute thermal stress were investigated. Fish were caught by electro fishing in the Suturlija river, a small tributary of the river Vrbas (N latitude 44˚44' 38˝, E longitude 17˚ 09' 10˝) in summer (July) and transported to the laboratory. Fish were randomly distributed in four aquaria of 30 L each. In all the four aquaria, the water temperature was continuously kept at 19°C by appropriate devices. After period of adaptation (three weeks), half of the fish (24) were used as a control group while the other 24 were subjected to thermal stress by raising the water temperature to 29°C (10°C increase) in 60 min. In both control and thermally treated, fish blood was collected by heart puncture according to “Animal welfare act“. Analyses were performed with native blood, without addition of any anticoagulant and the values of red blood cell count (RBC), haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume (PCV), Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) were determined. In the thermally treated fish, the values of PCV and MCV increased (p = 0.0003 and p = 0.0147 respectively), and those of MCHC decreased substantially (p = 0.0001).Keywords: Haematology, temperature, Barbus balcanicusAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(18), pp. 2484-249

Dendroindication of drought in Rogatica region (eastern Bosnia)

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using the dendrochronological method in drought prediction in eastern Bosnia. As an indicator of drought, the standardized precipitation index (SPI) was used. In the wider area of Rogatica (eastern Bosnia), 11 core samples from trees were taken. The best connection between the width of tree rings and drought was shown by the sample of a 67-year-old European silver fir (Abies alba) from the mountain Boksanica. Removal of the biological trend (standardization) was performed by the autoregressive-moving-average (ARMA) method. Calculations showed that precipitation, i.e. drought in the summer months, is crucial for radial increment of the sample. The obtained results of our research have been confirmed in examples in the region and further

O nacionalnom radu Mihajla Pupina

Michael I. Pupin was a professor at the University of Columbia, member and the president of Academy of Science in New York; one of the esteemed members of USA National Academy of Science; member and president of many experts and scientific institutions and societies in the USA; member of State Council for Scientific Research by president of the USA during the World War I. Of the great importance for political geography and geopolitics was his activity in Paris during the Peace Conference after the World War I in 1919 also as his great contribution to establishment of state borders of Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians (later Yugoslavia), which helped those nations to establish their national borders at maximum level. Pupin claimed that he was Yugoslav patriot and American citizen. Role of M. Pupin in battle for national interests and Yugoslav borders after the World War I is shown in this article.Mihajlo Idvorski Pupin (Michael I. Pupin) je bio profesor Kolumbija univerziteta; član i predsednik Akademije nauka Njujorka; jedan od uglednih članova Nacionalne akademije nauka SAD; član i predsednik mnogih stručnih i naučnih ustanova i udruženja u SAD; član Državnog saveta za naučna istraživanja pri Predsedniku SAD u vreme Prvog svetskog rata. Za političku geografiju i geopolitiku je značajna njegova aktivnost u Parizu za vreme Mirovne konferencije po završetku Prvog svetskog rata 1919. godine i njegov veliki doprinos uspostavljanju granica tadašnje kraljevine SHS, kasnije Jugoslavije, što je omogućilo Slovencima, Hrvatima i Srbima da maksimalno uokvire svoje nacionalne granice. Pupin je za sebe tada isticao da je on jugoslovenski patriota i američki građanin. U ovom radu je prikazana uloga M. Pupina u borbi za nacionalne interese i jugoslovenske granice posle Prvog svetskog rata

The role of Michael Pupin in solving of Serbian national question

Michael I. Pupin was a professor at the University of Columbia, member and the president of Academy of Science in New York; one of the esteemed members of USA National Academy of Science; member and president of many experts and scientific institutions and societies in the USA; member of State Council for Scientific Research by president of the USA during the World War I. Of the great importance for political geography and geopolitics was his activity in Paris during the Peace Conference after the World War I in 1919 also as his great contribution to establishment of state borders of Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians (later Yugoslavia), which helped those nations to establish their national borders at maximum level. Pupin claimed that he was Yugoslav patriot and American citizen. Role of M. Pupin in battle for national interests and Yugoslav borders after the World War I is shown in this article

Geopolitička realnost u prostoru Zapadnog Balkana

Just like throughout history, nowadays West Balkans is the space of merge of different interests of geopolitical factors on both global and regional levels. The key geopolitical processes in this region are articulated via the goals of globalism, i.e. so-called New World Order. In 1990s, a powerful West Balkans country -former SFR Yugoslavia, which was ethnically, nationally, religiously, and culturally heterogeneous -presented an obstacle. So in early 1990s this country was violently broken into the elements of its heterogeneity and internal animosity, which were further supported by interests of globalism, European regionalism, Islamic fundamentalism, and ancient interests of Vatican. The newly-formed countries resulting from SFRY break-up are now burdened by a whole range of complex geopolitical and total development problems. Some of these are already members of EU and NATO, some are attempting to become members, and only rare ones are trying to keep neutral position. Practically, the West already has a full control over most West Balkans and has a strong geopolitical impact on total development processes in the newly-formed states. It also has impact on the position of these states within their neighboring region. Opposite of western interests, the renewed "New Russia", has had a larger geopolitical and economic global impact, including West European. Practically, the West Balkans merges geopolitical and geostrategic interests of the West and the process of globalism that targets at a uni-polar world on one side, and interests of Russia and the concept of multi-polar world on the other. One such state of affairs warms up the old and generates the new problems in all West Balkans countries and their interstate relations.Zapadni Balkan, danas je, kao što je to kroz dugu istoriju bio, prostor sučeljavanja interesa različitih geopolitičkih faktora na globalnom i regionalnom nivou. Ključni geopolitički procesi u ovom prostoru artikulisani su ciljevima globalizma i tzv. novog svjetskog poretka. Početkom devedesetih godina, na putu širenja globalizma na Istok, stajalaje moćna država Zapadnog Balkana-bivša SFR Jugoslavija, etnički, nacionalno, vjerski i kulturološki veoma heterogena. Ta država, početkom devedesetih godina prošlog vijeka, nasilno je razbijena na elementima njene heterogenosti i međusobnih animoziteta, dodatno podstaknutih intersima globalizma, evropskih regionalizama, islamskog fundamentalizma i vijekovnim intersima iuticaju Vatikana. Zemlje nastale u procesu dezintegracije bivše SFRJ opterećene su nizom složenih geopolitičkih i ukupnih razvojnih problema. Neke od njih već su ukljčene u EU i NATO, neke teže ka tim savezima, a samo rijetke žele zadržati neutralnost u odnosu na NATO. Praktično, Zapad je već uspostavio punu kontrolu nad većim dijelom zapadnobalkanskog prostora i na taj način obezbijedio snažan geopolitički uticaj na sveukupne razvojne procese u novonastalim zemaljama, kao i uticaj na pozicioniranje novonastalih država u odnosu na regionalno okruženje. Suprotno intersima Zapada obnovljena "Nova Rusija", praktično od početka ovog vijeka, ostvaruje sve veći geopolitički i ekonomski uticaj na globalnom nivou, uključujući i zapadnobalkanski prostor. Praktično, u prostoru Zapadnog Balkna prepliću se geopolitički i geostrateški interesi Zapada i procesa globalizma koji stremi ka unupolarnom svijetu, sjedne, te interesi Rusije i koncepta multipolarnog svijeta, s druge strane. Ovakvo stanje podgrijeva stare i generiše nove probleme u svim dražavama Zapadnog Balkana i njihovim međusobnim odnosima

GEOPOLITICAL REALITY WITHIN THE WESTERN BALKANS

Just like throughout history, nowadays west Balkans is the space of merge of different interests of geopolitical factors on both global and regional levels. The key geopolitical processes in this region are articulated via the goals of globalism, i.e. so-called new world order. In 1990s, a powerful west Balkans country – former SFR Yugoslavia, which was ethnically, nationally, religiously, and culturally heterogenous – presented an obstacle. So in early 1990s this country was violently broken into theelements of its heterogeneity and internal animosity, which were further supported by intersts of globalism, European regionalism, Islamic fundamentalism, and ancient interests of Vatican. The newly-formed countries resulting from SFRY break-up are now burdened by a whole range of complex geopolitical and total development problems. Some of these are already members of EU and NATO, some are attempting to become members, and only rare ones are trying to keep neutral position. Practically, the West already has a full control over most west Balkans and has a strong geopolitical impact on total development procsses in the newly-formed states. It also has impact on the position of these states within their neighboring region. Opposite of western interests, the renewed „New Russia“, has had a larger geopolitical and economic global impact, including west European. Practically, the west Balkans merges geopolitical and geostrategic interests of the West and the process of globalism that targets at a unipolar world on one side, and interests of Russia and the concept of multipolar world on the other. One such state of affairs warms up the old and generates the new problems in all west Blakans countries and their interstate relations

Dendroindication of drought in Rogatica region (Eastern Bosnia)

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using the dendrochronological method in drought prediction in eastern Bosnia. As an indicator of drought, the standardized precipitation index (SPI) was used. In the wider area of Rogatica (eastern Bosnia), 11 core samples from trees were taken. The best connection between the width of tree rings and drought was shown by the sample of a 67-year-old European silver fir (Abies alba) from the mountain Boksanica. Removal of the biological trend (standardization) was performed by the autoregressive-moving-average (ARMA) method. Calculations showed that precipitation, i.e. drought in the summer months, is crucial for radial increment of the sample. The obtained results of our research have been confirmed in examples in the region and further