Methylation status of VTRNA2-1/nc886 is stable across populations, monozygotic twin pairs and in majority of tissues

Aims & methods: The aim of this study was to characterize the methylation level of a polymorphically imprinted gene, VTRNA2-1/nc886, in human populations and somatic tissues.48 datasets, consisting of more than 30 tissues and >30,000 individuals, were used. Results: nc886 methylation status is associated with twin status and ethnic background, but the variation between populations is limited. Monozygotic twin pairs present concordant methylation, whereas similar to 30% of dizygotic twin pairs present discordant methylation in the nc886 locus. The methylation levels of nc886 are uniform across somatic tissues, except in cerebellum and skeletal muscle. Conclusion: The nc886 imprint may be established in the oocyte, and, after implantation, the methylation status is stable, excluding a few specific tissues. Tweetable abstract Methylation status of a polymorphically imprinted gene, VTRNA2-1/nc886, is stable in human populations (48 cohorts, n > 30,000) and in somatic tissues, except in cerebellum and skeletal muscle. Twin data suggest it may already be established in the oocyte.Peer reviewe

Scouting as an IT Application in Volleyball: Case of Mestaruusliiga and Kokkolan Tiikerit

In modern times, many different aspects are required for a team to be in the top level of its sport. These aspects differentiate the amateurs from professionals. One of those aspects is scouting. The aim of this thesis is to showcase how scouting and IT in general elevates the sport of volleyball and how the use of it is crucial if a team wants to be at the top. The advantages of scouting will be discussed, as well as why it is compulsory to use it in the top league. Theory lists and explains every instance of IT use during a professional volleyball game and goes into detail about the Data Volley program. Video, scouting codes, user interface, and statistics use are explained more closely. Use of cloud between all the teams in Mestaruusliiga is listed. Last chapter discusses, in more depth, the effects of modern technology in the realm of volleyball