A Leech Application in Post Covid Thrombosed Hemorrhoids with Increased D'dimer Level - Case Study

One of the main risks associated with infection by the novel corona virus (COVID-19) are thrombotic or circulatory complications. The coagulopathy with COVID-19 is a result of the Systemic inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, this systemic inflammatory response to the Covid 19 Virus, there is injury to the vascular endothelial lining. Vertical veins e.g., hemorrhoidal veins   are more prone for this type of injury resulting in thrombosis in hemorrhoidal veins. Leech saliva acts at both the site anti-inflammatory enzymes in the saliva of leech prevents further vascular injuries on the other hand it also thrombolyse blood clots within the vessels and thus helps to reduce the D’Dimer levels also. Series of few patients of post covid thrombosis (thrombosed hemorrhoids) were subjected to leech application which gave encouraging results. It showed remarkable decrease in D’dimer and thrombosis also

Raspberry Pi-Based Design: A Smart Bin Revolution

India has the second-largest population after China; hence trash collection and disposal are essential in modern living. This study puts forth the idea of a clean city employing Smart Bins and their application through proper networking and one-to-many device interaction. The study describes an innovative approach to garbage collecting and user engagement using a Smart bin that was created using a Raspberry Pi, pressure sensors, and ultrasonic sensors. The suggested system additionally offers the terminal side of the web page interactions with efficient database management and warning system in accordance with the purpose of the bin. The creation of an HTML web page will display different garbage levels in each of the bins found in each ward. GSM transmissions an announcement about the specific bin to the terminal. RFID technology was used for authentication

Chelates of Thiocarbohydrazide Derivatives: Part I - Complexes of Mn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Pd(II), Cd(II) & Pb(II) with 1,5-Bis(salicylidene)thiocarbohydrazone

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Challenges in Conducting MBBS Program in a Nepalese Medical College

The medical education in Nepal faces many challenges. Medical education, in order to keep up with the times, needs to adapt to the changing attitudes of society. We need a change for better. The curriculum is outdated to the clinical needs, and the students are rarely taught any skills and innovations or creativity to think for the future, and whoever wishes to change the system will be isolated. A serious shortage of talents, subject knowledge, technical skills and communication skills in teachers is affecting the future of medical students. Many medical teachers teach in local language making students poor communicators. Nepal, a developing country in South Asia is in transition had suffered from a decade long violent conflict and the country is in the implementation of its new constitution and suffers from political instability which may contribute several challenges like general shutdowns, frequent bandhs, shortage of electricity, load shedding, voltage fluctuation and problems with internet in conducting MBBS program in a Medical College. At the moment, there is no foreseeable future effort by parents, teachers, educationists, policy makers and politicians to correct this and courageously bring in radical reforms in medical education. These challenges can be overcome by cooperation and working together to create a peaceful and stable climate. Nepal has been going through tremendous changes in the last few years. Medical teachers have a great role to play and stand against many odds. Journal of Gandaki Medical College Vol. 10, No. 1, 2017, Page: 49-5

In Vitro Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic, Flavonoid and Tannin Contents in the Ajuga Bracteosa Wall. Ex Benth, Grown at Middle Hill Climatic Condition of Western Himalayas

The antioxidant activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of different plant parts viz, leaves, flower, stem and root of Ajuga bracteosa was investigated against various in-vitro antioxidant assays. The total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents also estimated. The results revealed the significant antioxidant potential and variation in the IC50, EC50 and phytochemical contents among all the plant parts. The aqueous extract of leaves exhibited significantly (P<0.05) highest antioxidant activity on 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acixd), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl, and potassium ferricyanide reducing power assay, with IC50 values of 0.2707±0.0008, 0.4409±0.0020, and EC50 value 0.3413±0.0030 mg/mL, respectively, followed by the other parts of the plant. The leaves extract also possess the highest total phenolics, flavonoid and tannin contents among all the parts. Similarly, the aqueous extract is better than the alcoholic extract of different parts as far as phytochemical contents and antioxidant activity concerned. The present study revealed that the aqueous extract of leaves had the highest antioxidant potential, which correlated with the high level of total phenolic fl flavonoid, and tannin contents. Therefore, higher the phytochemical contents, higher will be the antioxidant potential

Diagnostic spectrum of CSF involvement by malignant cells: three-year experience of tertiary care hospital in CSF cytology

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology is the diagnostic gold standard test for primary or metastatic involvement of central nervous system (CNS) by malignancy. It is a very important and routinely done test in the laboratory but its sensitivity is low due to many confounding factors and varies amongst type of malignancies. We did retrospective analysis of CSF cytology carried out at our center from January 2013 to December 2015 to find out about spectrum of malignancies being detected on CSF cytology.Methods: From January 2013 to December 2015, three hundred and seventy-five CSF samples were received and processed for presence of malignant cells at our center. The cytospin preparations stained with LG and PAP stains of these CSF samples were analyzed along with any special stain that was available in the records. Clinical details of the patients with positive cytology were correlated from records.Results: The diagnostic spectrum obtained through study of positive CSF cytology included cases of metastatic solid malignancies and hematolymphoid malignancies. Four cases out of ten were of Metastatic Adenocarcinoma with primary origin being Breast, Lung and Stomach. Out of six cases of hematolymphoid malignancies; five were known cases of lymphoma/leukemia and one was primarily diagnosed to have Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) on CSF cytology.Conclusions: Both Epithelial and Hematolymphoid malignancies can be diagnosed on CSF cytology and these are predominantly metastatic in origin; Hematolymphoid malignancies are more common in CSF than solid malignancies. Correlation with clinical details and Neuroimaging is a must

(1E,4Z,6E)-5-Hy­droxy-1,7-bis­(2-meth­oxy­phen­yl)-1,4,6-hepta­trien-3-one

In the title compound, C21H20O4, the central hepta­trienone unit is approximately planar, with a maximum atomic deviation of 0.1121 (11) Å; the two benzene rings are twisted with respect to the hepta­trienone mean plane by 2.73 (5) and 29.31 (4)°. The mol­ecule exists in the enol form and the hy­droxy group forms an intra­molecular hydrogen bond with the neighboring carbonyl group. Weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding is present in the crystal structure

Diagnostic value of in situ polymerase chain reaction in childhood leprosy

Objective: Our aim was to assess the diagnostic value of in situ polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in leprosy, particularly for enhancing histopathological diagnosis. Methods: We prospectively studied 20 children (aged <16 years) with leprosy. Clinical examination of each case was performed, and skin smear for acid-fast bacillus was prepared. A biopsy of the lesion site was performed for histopathological examination and in situ PCR testing. Results: Histopathological examination confirmed the clinical diagnosis in only 45% of the cases; nonspecific histopathology was reported for the remaining 55% of the cases. In situ PCR showed a positivity of 57.1% in the early/localized form of leprosy (indeterminate/borderline tuberculoid) and 61.5% in the borderline borderline/borderline lepromatous group. When compared with the histopathological examination, a significant enhancement of 15% in diagnosis was seen. With in situ PCR, the diagnosis could be confirmed in 4 (36.3%) of 11 cases with nonspecific histopathological features (which is common in early disease) in addition to confirmation of 8 (88.8%) of 9 histopathologically confirmed tissue sections. Histopathology and in situ PCR combined together confirmed the diagnosis in 13 (65%) of the 20 cases. Conclusions: In situ PCR is an important diagnostic tool, especially in early and doubtful cases of leprosy

Studies of oxidation of the Cu(100) surface using low energy positrons

Changes in the surface of an oxidized Cu(100) single crystal resulting from vacuum annealing have been investigated using positron annihilation induced Auger electron spectroscopy (PAES). PAES measurements show a large increase in the intensity of the positron annihilation induced Cu M2,3VV Auger peak as the sample is subjected to a series of isochronal anneals in vacuum up to annealing temperature 300° C. The intensity then decreases monotonically as the annealing temperature is increased to ∼600° C. Experimental PAES results are analyzed by performing calculations of positron surface states and annihilation probabilities of surface-trapped positrons with relevant core electrons taking into account the charge redistribution at the surface, surface reconstructions, and electron-positron correlations effects. Possible explanation for the observed behavior of the intensity of positron annihilation induced Cu M2,3VV Auger peak with changes of the annealing temperature is proposed. © 2009 American Institute of Physics