A comparative study on the lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant status in patients with and without varicose veins

Background: The prevalence of varicose veins was increasing with increasing age but a deviance from the normal prevalence of the female patients. The patho- physiology has yet not been clearly delineated but the role of certain enzymes leading to oxidative stress has been implicated in the causation of this disease. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant status in the patients with and without varicose veins.Methods: This study was performed after the institutional ethical clearance and informed consent from all the participants. Patients who were admitted for the surgery of inguinal Hernia were taken as controls. The blood was obtained and its serum was used for the estimation of MDA, GPx, and total antioxidant status using commercially available kit, according to the manufacturer’s guidelines in the central research laboratory of the institute. The data was represented as Mean±S.D. and compared using students‘t’ test and a p value of <0.05 was considered the level of significance.Results: The Serum estimations of MDA, GPX and TAC on comparison to Normal Individuals did not show any statistical significance (p>0.05).Conclusions: The levels of MDA, GPX and TAC were at the upper limit of the normal ranges in patients of Varicose veins indicating that more on antioxidants as a measure of global stress index in varicose veins are needed to be performed in the future with different Antioxidants and Advent of investigative modalities for the same.

One pot synthesis of luminescent Mn doped ZnSe nanoparticles and its silica based water dispersible formulation for targeted delivery of doxorubicin

The manganese doped zinc selenide nanoparticles (ZnSe:Mn NPs) were synthesized by thermolysis method using oleic acid and oleylamine as a capping agent, 1-octadecene as solvent. Coating of mesoporous silica was done on ZnSe:Mn (ZnSe:Mn@mSilica) which was further functionalized with amine functional groups by treating with (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane. Further pegylation was done to achieve water dispersibility by conjugating carboxyl groups of poly(ethylene glycol) diacid with the amine groups. These pegylated NPs were subsequently treated with ethylenediamine followed by acrylic acid. Conjugation of tris-(hydroxymethyl-aminomethan) was performed by Michael-type addition reaction to afford ZnSe:Mn@mSilica-PEG-Tris-OH. These TRIS functionalized NPs exhibited broad emission ranging from 590-620 nm that is an indicative for their suitability in diagnosis and monitoring progress of cancer treatment. To explore the usefulness of increased surface area because of mesoporosity, doxorubicin was loaded on ZnSe:Mn@mSilica-PEG-Tris-OH NPs through silyl ether linkage and evaluated for cytotoxicity against WEHI-164 mouse fibrosarcoma and RAJI human hematopoietic origin cancer cell lines. A decrease in 12 % of cell viability of WEHI-164 cells while 30% decrease in RAJI cell lines (IC50 ≈ 45 nM) were observed.  This shows that our formulation has more cytotoxic in RAJI cancer cell lines than that of WEHI-164 cancer cells. These results revealed that the formulation has potential for the application in drug delivery and diagnosis in chemotherapeutics

One pot synthesis of luminescent Mn doped ZnSe nanoparticles and their silica based water dispersible formulation for targeted delivery of doxorubicin

348-355The manganese doped zinc selenide nanoparticles (ZnSe:Mn NPs) have been synthesized by thermolysis method using oleic acid and oleylamine as capping agents, and 1-octadecene as solvent. Coating of mesoporous silica is done on ZnSe:Mn (ZnSe:Mn@mSilica) which is further functionalized with amine functional groups by treating with (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane. Further pegylation is done to achieve water dispersibility by conjugating carboxyl groups of poly(ethylene glycol) diacid with the amine groups. These pegylated NPs are subsequently treated with ethylenediamine followed by acrylic acid. Conjugation of tris-(hydroxymethyl-aminomethane) is performed by Michael-type addition reaction to afford ZnSe:Mn@mSilica-PEG-Tris-OH. These tris functionalized NPs have exhibited broad emission ranging from 590-620 nm that is an indicative for their suitability in diagnosis and monitoring progress of cancer treatment. To explore the usefulness of increased surface area because of mesoporosity, doxorubicin is loaded on ZnSe:Mn@mSilica-PEG-Tris-OH NPs through silyl ether linkage and evaluated for cytotoxicity against WEHI-164 mouse fibrosarcoma and RAJI human hematopoietic origin cancer cell lines. A decrease in 12% of cell viability of WEHI-164 cells while 30% decrease in RAJI cell lines (IC50 ≈ 45 nM) are observed. This shows that our formulation has more cytotoxic in RAJI cancer cell lines than that of WEHI-164 cancer cells. These results reveal that the formulation has potential for the application in drug delivery and diagnosis in chemotherapeutics

Cancer Biomarker Discovery: The Entropic Hallmark

Background: It is a commonly accepted belief that cancer cells modify their transcriptional state during the progression of the disease. We propose that the progression of cancer cells towards malignant phenotypes can be efficiently tracked using high-throughput technologies that follow the gradual changes observed in the gene expression profiles by employing Shannon's mathematical theory of communication. Methods based on Information Theory can then quantify the divergence of cancer cells' transcriptional profiles from those of normally appearing cells of the originating tissues. The relevance of the proposed methods can be evaluated using microarray datasets available in the public domain but the method is in principle applicable to other high-throughput methods. Methodology/Principal Findings: Using melanoma and prostate cancer datasets we illustrate how it is possible to employ Shannon Entropy and the Jensen-Shannon divergence to trace the transcriptional changes progression of the disease. We establish how the variations of these two measures correlate with established biomarkers of cancer progression. The Information Theory measures allow us to identify novel biomarkers for both progressive and relatively more sudden transcriptional changes leading to malignant phenotypes. At the same time, the methodology was able to validate a large number of genes and processes that seem to be implicated in the progression of melanoma and prostate cancer. Conclusions/Significance: We thus present a quantitative guiding rule, a new unifying hallmark of cancer: the cancer cell's transcriptome changes lead to measurable observed transitions of Normalized Shannon Entropy values (as measured by high-throughput technologies). At the same time, tumor cells increment their divergence from the normal tissue profile increasing their disorder via creation of states that we might not directly measure. This unifying hallmark allows, via the the Jensen-Shannon divergence, to identify the arrow of time of the processes from the gene expression profiles, and helps to map the phenotypical and molecular hallmarks of specific cancer subtypes. The deep mathematical basis of the approach allows us to suggest that this principle is, hopefully, of general applicability for other diseases

A comparative study on the lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant status in patients with and without varicose veins

Background: The prevalence of varicose veins was increasing with increasing age but a deviance from the normal prevalence of the female patients. The patho- physiology has yet not been clearly delineated but the role of certain enzymes leading to oxidative stress has been implicated in the causation of this disease. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant status in the patients with and without varicose veins.Methods: This study was performed after the institutional ethical clearance and informed consent from all the participants. Patients who were admitted for the surgery of inguinal Hernia were taken as controls. The blood was obtained and its serum was used for the estimation of MDA, GPx, and total antioxidant status using commercially available kit, according to the manufacturer’s guidelines in the central research laboratory of the institute. The data was represented as Mean±S.D. and compared using students‘t’ test and a p value of <0.05 was considered the level of significance.Results: The Serum estimations of MDA, GPX and TAC on comparison to Normal Individuals did not show any statistical significance (p>0.05).Conclusions: The levels of MDA, GPX and TAC were at the upper limit of the normal ranges in patients of Varicose veins indicating that more on antioxidants as a measure of global stress index in varicose veins are needed to be performed in the future with different Antioxidants and Advent of investigative modalities for the same.