A Common Fixed Point Theorem in Menger Probibilistic Quasi- Metric Spaces

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present a common fixed point theorem in Menger Probabilistic Quasi- metric space for weakly compatible maps

MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS FOR MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AMONG HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS VISITING OUTPATIENT CLINICS OF TERTIARY CARE HOSPITALS IN COASTAL SOUTH INDIA

Objectives: To assess the proportion of modifiable risk factors for myocardial infarction (MI) among hypertensive patients and to categorize theminto different risk categories so as to determine the probability of developing MI in near future.Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study done in two tertiary care hospitals attached to a medical college in south India. 600 hypertensivepatients were interviewed by the treating physician using convenient sampling technique after taking the written informed consent from them. Theinterview was conducted using the non-laboratory INTERHEART Modifiable Risk Score (non-laboratory IHMRS scores).Results: The majority of the study participants (n=404, 67.3%) never smoked in their life time, 21.6% were former smokers (n=130), and 11.1% ofthe study participants were currently smoking (n=66). More than half of the study participants (n=328, 54.7%) were currently diabetic. Most of themhad abdominal obesity (n=469, 78.2%). Around 35.3% (n=212) of the subjects had felt sad or depressed for 2 weeks or more in a row in the last year.Fruits and vegetables were not consumed one or more times daily by 35.5% (n=213) and 11.1% (n=67) of the subjects respectively. A 19 patients(3.2%) were in the lowest risk category, 132 (22%) were at moderate risk, and 449 (74.8%) fell into the highest risk category for development of MI.Conclusion: The present study categorized the hypertensive patients into different risk categories; wherein majority of them fell into the high-riskcategory. Thus, this non-laboratory IHMRS can be used as a risk predictor for the development of MI.Keywords: Risk factors, Hypertensive, Non-laboratory INTERHEART Modifiable Risk Score, Myocardial infarction

Optimization of turning parameters of Aluminum 6351 T6 using Taguchi decision making technique

Turning is the utmost elementary process among several CNC machine tool operations which is a versatile, efficient and widely used in industries including mechanical, aerospace and automotive sectors. Most frequently the manufacturing industries face the problem of cutting down the production cost without any oblation in the quality of products. Selection of process parameter is essential for assuring a quality product. Convenient choice of the cutting conditions, parameters and tools for the maximum Material removal rate (MRR) and surface finish needs a sophisticated approach adopting mathematical and statistical models as well as experimental method. Taguchi’s method is a very compelling tool to optimize the process variables. The intention of the present study is to determine surface roughness (Ra) and MRR which are key responses to justify the quality of turning operation. Four process parameters have been selected viz. Nose radius (NR), depth of cut (DOC), feed rate (FR) and spindle speed or cutting speed (CS) that influences these responses. During machining operations, the influence of the process parameters and their interaction have been analyzed using a statistical tool ANOVA. Aluminum alloy is widely acceptable by industries owing to its good strength to weight ratio, high resistance to corrosion, malleability and excellent resistance during elevated temperatures

Thoracopagus conjoined twin: an unusual presentation

Conjoined twins are among rare clinical conditions observed by obstetricians. Due to rare incidence of this condition there is general lack of knowledge among obstetricians, especially at primary care level which leads to missed diagnosis during antenatal period. The management of this condition is complex especially in cases where the diagnosis is not known before onset of labour. A 30 - year old Hindu lady was referred to us from other hospital with diagnosis of twin pregnancy and prolonged second stage of labour. Clinical examination revealed findings of ruptured uterus and foetal head of one baby and feet of second baby were outside the introitus. Emergency laparotomy was done which revealed conjoined twins. This article report clinical course of a thoracopagus conjoined twin. The relevant literature is also reviewed.

Design optimization of a three-stage transmission using advanced optimization techniques

Gear transmission systems are very important machine elements and their failure can lead to losses or damage of other mechanical components that comprise a machine or device. Since gears are applied in numerous mechanical devices, there is need to design and subsequently optimize them for intended use. In the present work, two objectives, viz., volume and center distance, are minimized for a rotary tiller to achieve a compact design. Two methods were applied: (1) analytical method, (2) a concatenation of the bounded objective function method and teaching–learning-based optimization techniques, thereby improving the result by 44% for the former and 55% for the latter. Using a geometric model and previous literature, the optimal results obtained were validated with 0.01 variation. The influence of design variables on the objective functions was also evaluated using variation studies reflecting on a ranking according to objective. Bending stress variation of 12.4% was less than contact stress at 51% for a defined stress range

Cold Injury Prevention and Management in High Altitude Extreme Environments Pharmacological and Therapeutical Interventions

Cold injury refers to local or systemic body response that occurs due to massive loss of body heat when the body is exposed to extremely cold temperatures. The current modalities for the prevention and management of cold injury(ies) are very limited due to the paucity of availability of targeted therapeutics. Pathophysiological cascades in cold injury include: (a) desensitization of sensory neurons can be manifest as a result of altered pathophysiological functions viz., Ca2+ imaging, calcitonin gene-related peptide release, expressions of inflammatory mediators (PGE2: prostaglandin E2, NGF: nerve growth factors), (b) inflammatory markers viz.; interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and CD62E/endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (E-selectin); (c) oxidative stress markers associated with cold injury measured through serum level of protein carbonyl, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), superoxide dismutase (SODs), advanced oxidative protein products (AOPP) and nitrotyrosine; (d) endothelial damage: nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin (PGI2), reactive oxygen species (ROS), Von-Willebrand factor (VWF), CD31/PECAM-1 (platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1), CD36/SR-B3 (scavenger receptor class B member 3) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (TTPA). In this review paper, we elaborate on the current state-of-the-art pharmacological interventions for cold injury that may be beneficial in developing novel and targeted therapeutics for the prevention, management, and treatment of cold injury

Effect of chronic exposure to biomass fuel smoke on pulmonary function test parameters

Background: Life in a typical Indian household revolves around the cooking area, and Indian women spend much of their time there. Cooking stoves in most households are nothing more than a pit, a chulha (a U-shaped construction made from mud), or three pieces of brick. Cooking under these conditions entails high levels of exposure to cooking smoke. Aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Chronic Exposure to Biomass Fuel Smoke on Pulmonary Function Test Parameters.Methods: 60 non-smoking women without any history of any major chronic illness in the past were selected for this study. The study group comprised of 30 rural female subjects who were chronically exposed to biomass fuel smoke combustion and 30 age matched urban female subjects exposed chronically to clean fuel combustion (Liquified Petroleum Gas–LPG) in Haryana (India). All the subjects were evaluated for pulmonary function tests by RMS Medspiror.Results: Biomass exposure index came out to be 85.68±3.69 for women cooking on biomass and LPG index was 64.17±6.97 for women cooking on LPG. This implies significant chronic exposure of women to biomass fuel smoke. The lung function parameters were significantly lesser in biomass exposed rural women [FEV1 (p<0.01), FVC (p<0.01), FEF25-75 (p<0.01), FEV1/FVC ratio (p<0.01), PEFR (p<0.01), MVV (p<0.01)] than the LPG exposed urban women. The evaluation of PFT suggested obstructive type of pulmonary disease.Conclusion: The derangement in pulmonary function parameters in women exposed to biomass smoke pollutants could be due to chronic significant exposure as suggested by high Biomass exposure Index. Inadequate ventilation in cooking area without chimney/vent also contributed to pulmonary function derangement and COPD.