The Real Time Hardware Design and simulation of moving message Display System Integrated with PLCC Modem

This paper serves as a general and technical orientation on the one of application of  "Power line Carrier (PLC) Communication Systems" with scrolling message on LED/LCD with keyboard facility in real time with the presentation of a widespread and detailed analysis on the standards, characteristics, technologies, products and development associated and currently being deployed in the PLC communication systems. Since the developments and research on the subject had been relatively new in India and information scattered, the lack of collective information had been the primary Initiative behind this research. Power Line Carrier (PLC) is still widely used to provide real-time communications for protection of high voltage transmission lines. This PLCC module provides bi-directional half-duplex communication over the mains of any voltage up to (220-250)V AC and for frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz. Usually modules is in receiving mode all the time attending to incoming communication on the power line. This application gives serial data to transmit on its RX-IN pin, it switches over to transmit and transmits the data through power line. Once transmit process is complete it switches back to receive mode. During transmission of data by Red LED indicates user that data is transmitting. At the receiving end receipt data  indicated by Green LED which is on TX out pin itself. Data communication of the modules is clear to user’s data terminals and protocol self-determining; as a result, multiple units can be connected to the mains without affecting the operation of the others. In this we can connect the PLC modem to the Atmega 16 controller and then program it and simulated with ISP connector and then at last connect PLC system to the AC power plug.   Keywords :  PLCC Modem ,LED Panels, Keyboard decode

Gangrenous Cecal Volvulus Complicating Puerperium: Is the Delay in Diagnosis Really Inevitable?

Volvulus in puerperium is a rare event. We present a case of cecal volvulus following normal vaginal delivery that ended with cecal gangrene and hemicolectomy

Minimal Intubating Dose of Succinylcholine: A Comparative Study of 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 mg/kg Dose

Muscle relaxants are integral part of modern balanced anesthesia and succinylcholine, a depolarizing drug, is in use despite its adverse effects. The excellent intubating condition, fastest onset and shortest duration of action make it an excellent choice for anesthesiologists. The conventional dose of 1.5-2 mg/kg is commonly used for obtaining relaxation for intubation. This study was conducted with much smaller dose of succinylcholine as 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 mg/kg to evaluate the acceptable intubating dose at 60 seconds, which was unlikely to have any untoward/side effects

PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF NON-IRRADIATED AND Γ-IRRADIATED MANGO (MANGIFERA INDICA L.) JUICE AGAINST ETHANOL-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN ALBINO RATS

ABSTRACTObjective: The aim of this study is to explore the protective effect of non-irradiated and γ-irradiated mango juice (NMJ and GMJ) against ethanolinducedhepatic and renaldysfunctionin rats.Methods: A total of 36 male Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into six groups of six animals each, and the treatment was given everyday via orogastric tube for 30 days. Group I rats served as normal control group. Group II, III, IV, V, and VI rats received absolute ethanol, NMJ, GMJ,ethanol+NMJ, and ethanol+GMJ, respectively. At the end of experimental period, the animals were sacrificed, and serum was separated for liverand kidney markers analysis. The tissues (liver and kidney) were excised for histopathological changes and lipid peroxidation, enzymatic, and nonenzymaticantioxidantsactivitieswereestimated.Results: Ethanol treatment resulted in the depletion of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-stransferaseactivities,andreducedvitaminCandreducedglutathionecontent,higherlevelofmalondialdehyde,increasedactivitiesofserumalanineaminotransferase,aspartateaminotransferase,alkalinephosphatase,gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and elevated levels of serum urea, creatinine,uric acid causing malfunction of hepatic, and renal tissues, when compared to control rats. Mango juice (both NMJ and GMJ) co-treatment with ethanolingested rats, were envisaged to possess significant antioxidant defense properties and help in the recovery of tissues from ethanol-induced oxidativedamage. The results showed that degenerative changes in hepatic and renal cells of ethanolic groups were minimized by the administration of mangojuice, as revealed by histopathological examination.Conclusion: The current findings suggest that treatment with mango juice reduces ethanol-induced oxidative stress, thereby protecting the hepaticand renal tissue from ethanol-induced damage.Keywords: γ-irradiation, Mango juice, Ethanol, Oxidative stress, Antioxidant enzymes, Liver, Kidney

Tree rings of Rhododendron arboreum portray signal of monsoon precipitation in the Himalayan region

The Himalayas has a significant impact not just on the Indian subcontinent’s monsoon patterns but also on the global climate. Monsoon failure causing drought has become more common in recent years. As a result, it poses a major threat to ecosystem sustainability. We reported for the first time, a climatic-sensitive tree ring chronology of a broadleaf tree, Rhododendron arboreum, spanning 1732–2017 CE from the Himalayan region. We discovered that the climate during the monsoon season limits the growth of this tree in this region. The correlation analysis between tree ring chronology and climate revealed a significant positive relationship with precipitation (r = 0.63, p < 0.001) and a negative relationship with temperature (r = −0.48, p < 0.01) during the months of June–August (JJA). This strong relationship allowed us to reconstruct monsoon precipitation spanning 1780 to 2017 CE which explained 40% of the variance of the observed climate data for the calibration period. The reconstructed data are validated by the existence of a significant association with the gridded JJA precipitation data of the Climate Research Unit (CRU) of this region. The monsoon rainfall record captured extremely wet years during 1793, 1950, 2011, 2013, and 2017 and extremely dry years during 1812, 1833, 1996, 2002, 2004, and 2005. The extremely dry and wet years well coincided with major catastrophic historical and instrumental droughts and floods in the region. Furthermore, the reconstructed data are also validated by the significant positive correlation (r = 0.36, p < 0.001, n = 163) with the all Indian summer monsoon rainfall series. Such data will be useful to predict the incidence of future droughts, which can help to assess the vulnerability of the forest ecosystem to extreme events

Social learning and amygdala disruptions in Nf1 mice are rescued by blocking p21-activated kinase

Children with Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) are increasingly recognized to have high prevalence of social difficulties and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We demonstrated selective social learning deficit in mice with deletion of a single Nf1 gene (Nf1+/−), along with greater activation of mitogen activated protein kinase pathway in neurons from amygdala and frontal cortex, structures relevant to social behaviors. The Nf1+/− mice showed aberrant amygdala glutamate/GABA neurotransmissiondeficits in long-term potentiationand specific disruptions in expression of two proteins associated with glutamate and GABA neurotransmission: a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain 22 (ADAM22) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), respectively. All of these amygdala disruptions were normalized by co-deletion of p21 protein-activated kinase (Pak1) gene. We also rescued the social behavior deficits in Nf1+/− mice with pharmacological blockade of Pak1 directly in the amygdala. These findings provide novel insights and therapeutic targets for NF1 and ASD patients

Impact of immobilisation and image guidance protocol on planning target volume margins for supine craniospinal irradiation

Background: The setup errors during supine-CSI (sCSI) using single or dual immobilisation (SM, DM) subsets from two institutions were reviewed to determine if DM consistently decreased the required planning target volumes (PTV) margins and to identify the optimal image guidance environments. Materials and methods: Ours and a sister institutional cohort, each with a subset of SM or DM sCSI and daily 3-dimensional online image verification sets, were reviewed for the cranial and spinal regions translational shifts. Using descriptive statistics, scatter plots and independent sample Mann-Whitney test we compared shifts in each direction for two subsets in each cohort deriving PTV margins (Van Herk: VH, Strooms: St recipes) for the cranial and spinal regions. Three image guidance (IG) protocols were simulated for two regions on the combined cohort with SM and DM subsets to identify the most optimal option with the smallest PTV margin. The IG protocols: 3F, 5F and 5FB where the systematic error correction was done using the average error from the first three, five and in the cranium alone (applied to both the cranium and spine, otherwise) for the first five set-ups, respectively. Results: 6968 image sets for 179 patients showed DM could consistently reduce the PTV margin (VH/St) for the cranium from 6/5 to 4/3.5 (31.8/30.8%) and 6/4 to 4/3.5 mm (30.5/16.8%) for primary and validation cohort, respectively. Similarly, for the spine it was 10/8.5 to 6/5.5 (38.6/38.4%) and 9/7.7 to 7/6 (21.6/21.4%), respectively. The “5F-IG” resulted in the smallest margins for both the cranial (3 mm) and spinal region (5 mm) for DM with estimated 95% CTV coverage probability. Conclusion: DM with 5F-IG would significantly reduce the required PTV margins for sCSI

The Changing Landscape for Stroke\ua0Prevention in AF: Findings From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase 2

Background GLORIA-AF (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) is a prospective, global registry program describing antithrombotic treatment patterns in patients with newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke. Phase 2 began when dabigatran, the first non\u2013vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC), became available. Objectives This study sought to describe phase 2 baseline data and compare these with the pre-NOAC era collected during phase 1. Methods During phase 2, 15,641 consenting patients were enrolled (November 2011 to December 2014); 15,092 were eligible. This pre-specified cross-sectional analysis describes eligible patients\u2019 baseline characteristics. Atrial fibrillation disease characteristics, medical outcomes, and concomitant diseases and medications were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Of the total patients, 45.5% were female; median age was 71 (interquartile range: 64, 78) years. Patients were from Europe (47.1%), North America (22.5%), Asia (20.3%), Latin America (6.0%), and the Middle East/Africa (4.0%). Most had high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc [Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age  6575 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex category] score  652; 86.1%); 13.9% had moderate risk (CHA2DS2-VASc = 1). Overall, 79.9% received oral anticoagulants, of whom 47.6% received NOAC and 32.3% vitamin K antagonists (VKA); 12.1% received antiplatelet agents; 7.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. For comparison, the proportion of phase 1 patients (of N = 1,063 all eligible) prescribed VKA was 32.8%, acetylsalicylic acid 41.7%, and no therapy 20.2%. In Europe in phase 2, treatment with NOAC was more common than VKA (52.3% and 37.8%, respectively); 6.0% of patients received antiplatelet treatment; and 3.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. In North America, 52.1%, 26.2%, and 14.0% of patients received NOAC, VKA, and antiplatelet drugs, respectively; 7.5% received no antithrombotic treatment. NOAC use was less common in Asia (27.7%), where 27.5% of patients received VKA, 25.0% antiplatelet drugs, and 19.8% no antithrombotic treatment. Conclusions The baseline data from GLORIA-AF phase 2 demonstrate that in newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients, NOAC have been highly adopted into practice, becoming more frequently prescribed than VKA in Europe and North America. Worldwide, however, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated, particularly in Asia and North America. (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation [GLORIA-AF]; NCT01468701