Diagnosing and Managing Post-Stroke Aphasia

Introduction: Aphasia is a debilitating language disorder and even mild forms of aphasia can negatively affect functional outcomes, mood, quality of life, social participation, and the ability to return to work. Language deficits after post-stroke aphasia are heterogeneous. Areas covered: The first part of this manuscript reviews the traditional syndrome-based classification approach as well as recent advances in aphasia classification that incorporate automatic speech recognition for aphasia classification. The second part of this manuscript reviews the behavioral approaches to aphasia treatment and recent advances such as noninvasive brain stimulation techniques and pharmacotherapy options to augment the effectiveness of behavioral therapy. Expert opinion: Aphasia diagnosis has largely evolved beyond the traditional approach of classifying patients into specific syndromes and instead focuses on individualized patient profiles. In the future, there is a great need for more large scale randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials of behavioral treatments, noninvasive brain stimulation, and medications to boost aphasia recovery

A study on estimation of time since death after histological examination of kidney

Background: Estimation of time since death is one of the most important object of post-mortem examination. Many degenerative changes begin to take place in the body immediately or shortly after death. Kidney is one of the most important excretory organs of human body, its undergo series of gross as well as histological changes.  Methods: This study was performed in department of anatomy in close association with the department of forensic medicine & toxicology and pathology, Pt. J. N. M. medical college and DBRAM hospital Raipur (C.G.) India, during study period November 2012 to October 2013. Study was done on 50 human cadavers (Study subjects). Kidney was obtained from dead bodies during post-mortem examination. In each case kidney was studied histologically. Data was compiled in MS excel and checked for its completeness and correctness and then it was analyzed.Results: In 48-60 hour increasing temperature, one case show very severe change was seen. Microscopic changes in kidney were increasing (mild to moderate, moderate to severe, severe to very severe) as temperature increases.Conclusion: In the present study earliest remarkable postmortem histological changes were seen in DCT. Finding of present study will be useful for forensic experts.

Hand Factors in Cardiac Development

Congenital heart defects account for 1% of infant mortality and 10% of in utero deaths. As the vertebrate embryo develops, multiple tissue types develop in tandem to morphologically pattern the functional heart. Underlying cardiac development is a network of transcription factors known to tightly control these morphological events. Members of the Twist family of basic helix–loop–helix transcription factors, Hand1 and Hand2, are essential to this process. The expression patterns and functional role of Hand factors in neural crest cells, endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium is indicative of their importance during cardiogenesis; however, to date, an extensive understanding of the transcriptional targets of Hand proteins and their overall mechanism of action remain unclear. In this review, we summarize the recent findings that further outline the crucial functions of Hand factors during heart development and in post‐natal heart function

Immediate and long-term results of bronchial artery embolisation for life-threatening hemoptysis in bronchiectasis

Background: Bronchial artery embolization (BAE) has been established as an effective technique in the emergency treatment of life-threatening hemoptysis, but few data concerning long-term results of the procedure are available The aim of this study was to analyze the immediate and long-term results of bronchial artery embolization (BAE) for hemoptysis due to bronchiectasis.Methods: Twenty five patients (aged 28–76 years) who underwent bronchial artery embolization with polyvinyl alcohol particles, gelatin sponge and coil for massive or continuing moderate hemoptysis caused by bronchiectasis were included in the study. These patients were followed up for 3 years. Initially patients were followed up monthly for 6months by clinical examination. Then yearly follow up by clinical and radiological examination. Results analyzed using SPSS 16 version.Results: In our study16 patients (64%) were males. 11 patients (44%) had bilateral bronchiectasis.14 patients (56%) had no rebleeding in the three year follow-up period. Only 8% developed rebleeding within 24hrs.Only one patient (4%) developed massive hemoptysis within one month and died. Other rebleed were very minimal. In our study there was no significant relation with side of bronchiectasis and rebleed.Conclusions: Bronchial artery embolisation can yield immediate and long-term benefit in patients with hemoptysis due to bronchiectasis.

TO STUDY THE EFFICACY OF AGNIKARMA IN VATAKANTAKA W.S.R.TO PLANTER FASCIITIS

Heel pain symptom is commonly found in 80% of population in the society. Vatakantaka is the painful condition in which the person can’t walk properly, that hampers his daily activity. Almost all signs and symptoms of Vatakantaka resembles with the condition of chronic plantar fasciitis described by the modern texts.Chronic plantar fasciitis is mostly required analgesic and anti-inflammatory and surgical correction to stabilize the patient as well as to cure the condition, but in developing countries such type of treatment modalities were avoided because of Complications of NSAID, pain, fear and other psychological factors, longer hospitalization and also economical expenses. So there is scope for non surgical treatment modalities with less economical expenditure as well as minimum hospitalization. Agnikarma has Shulahara, Shothahara and Vatahara properties, less painful with minimum expenditure. Hence it can be proved as a most affordable and convenient parasurgical treatment modalities in the developing countries which can provide relevant treatment modalities in medical sciences. In the present study in dependable variables are Agnikarma and Inj. Therapy while dependable variables are Vedana, Stambha, Sparashasahatva, Kriyahani and demographic variables are age, sex, religion, habitat, Prakruti, diet etc.The present study designed as a prospective randomized control single blind clinical trial with hypothesis that, Agnikarna acts as Shulahara, Shothahara and Parasurgical properties in management of Vatakantak. In the present study, 60 patients of Vatakantak will be selected & randomly categorized in to 2 groups, each of comprising 30 Patients. and following hypothesis should be considered. Agnikarma acts as a Shulahara, Shothahara and Parasurgical properties in management of Vatakantak. Result of present study shows significant result in Vatakantak to cure as well as prevent recurrences of the condition

Alternative management in a case of placenta accreta with previous caesarean

The rate of caesarean is increasing day by day, and with it the chance of repeat caesarean. This has led to a rise in the chance of occurrence of placenta accreta. Control of bleeding is the main goal in such cases, which usually necessitates hysterectomy. But alternative methods are useful when retaining fertility is important. We present this case of a 30 yr old female who was admitted as a case of central placenta previa with previous caesarean. Per operatively, placenta was attached along the incision and baby was delivered by separating the placenta attached above the upper margin of incision. On attempting to remove the placenta attached to lower part of incision, it was found to be adherent along the previous scar. So placenta was removed piece meal, some part was left behind. Box sutures were taken over that part and uterine packing was done to control the bleeding. Post operatively the patient was fine and given injection Methotrexate on 8th day following the regime of 1, 3, 5, 7 days. She failed to expulse the placenta by 6wks, so D&E was done and retained products were removed. Leaving the placenta in situ followed by Methotrexate and interval removal of placenta can thus be helpful in conserving the uterus and hence, the fertility

Role of concomitant percutaneous pie crusting and local corticosteroid injection in lateral epicondylitis: a prospective, case control study

Background Lateral epicondylitis is an increasingly debilitating condition in working population. Evidence for conservative treatment modalities has been inconclusive. Percutaneous pie crusting of the common extensor origin at the lateral epicondyle at the time of local corticosteroid injection (CSI) has been proposed sparsely. The objective of this study was to analyze if concomitant CSI and pie-crusting of the common extensor origin provides better outcome than CSI alone in lateral epicondylitis. Methods This case-control study on 236 patients was conducted at a single center between January 1, 2020, and May 31, 2022. Patients were divided into two groups (n=118 each) based on their preference. Group A underwent CSI alone and group B underwent pie crusting along with CSI. The clinical and functional outcomes of all patients were evaluated at 2, 4, 6, and 12-week post-procedure using the visual analog scale (VAS) and Nirschl score. The mean time for return to daily activities was also compared. Results Both groups showed significant improvement in post-procedure outcome at successive follow-ups on intragroup longitudinal analysis (VAS: F=558.384 vs. F=1,529.618, Nirschl: F=791.468 vs. F=1,284.951). On intergroup analysis, VAS of group B was superior to that of group A; however, it was statistically significant (P<0.05) only from the 6-week follow-up onwards. Nirschl score of group B was significantly better throughout the period of follow-up (P<0.05). Group B returned to daily activities faster than Group A (6.2±0.44 weeks vs. 7.18±0.76 weeks). Conclusions Concomitant pie crusting with CSI is recommended for lateral epicondylitis as it provides significantly better results than CSI alone. Level of evidence III

A Web-based interactive Student Advising system using Java frameworks

The use of open source frameworks and tools has become popular in Java development. These frameworks and tools have core strengths and weaknesses and are selected accordingly for development. Consequently, one of the key issues that developers face is to integrate and configure these tools together. This paper demonstrates the use of popular Java frameworks and tools to develop a Web-based interactive Student Registration and Advising system