Optimal Solution Method of Integro-Differential Equaitions under Laplace Transform

In this paper, Laplace Transform method is developed to solve partial Integro-differential equations. Partial Integro-differential equations (PIDE) occur naturally in various fields of science. Engineering and Social Science. We propose a max general form of linear PIDE with a convolution Kernal. We convert the proposed PIDE to an ordinary differential equation (ODE) using the LT method. We applying inverse LT as exact solution of the problems obtained. It is observed that the LT is a simple and reliable technique for solving such equations. The proposed model illustrated by numerical examples

Polyurethane aqueous systems

This article does not have an abstract

Polymides - a review

This article does not have an abstract

Spectrophotometric Studies of 2-Methylol-4- tert-butylphenol- Fe(III) Complex

255-25

Kinetics & Mechanism of Reaction of 4-t-Butylphenol with Formaldehyde Using Alkali Catalysts

424-42

Surveillance of Device Associated Hospital Acquired Infections in Patients Admitted in Medical Intensive Care Unit and Medical High Dependency Unit in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India

OBJECTIVES : To study the incidence of device associated hospital acquired infections and also to study the profile of causative organisms and the mortality associated with each of the device associated infection between 1st January 2015 and 30th April 2015 among medical patients admitted in Medical Intensive Care Unit and Medical High Dependency Unit. METHODS : The study was an observational study of a prospective cohort of patients admitted into Medical Intensive care unit and Medical High dependency unit. The patients were monitored using the Centre for Disease Control National Health Survey Network guidelines (CDC NHSN) for reporting Device associated hospital acquired infections during their stay in Intensive care unit. The patients were monitored for Ventilator associated event, Central line associated blood stream infection and Catheter associated urinary tract infection. The organisms causing the device associated infection and also the outcome as a measure of mortality was measured. The results were analyzed using Stata software. The mortality data was analyzed using Pearson’s Chi square test. RESULTS : A total of 283 patients were recruited in the study. The surveillance study was carried over a period of 4 months from 1st January 2015 to 30th April 2015. The total number of patient days studied was 1444 days. The incidence of Ventilator associated event was 41 per 1000 ventilator days, the incidence of Catheter associated blood stream infection was 6.6 per 1000 central line days and the incidence of Catheter associated urinary tract infection was 2.87 per 1000 urinary catheter days. The most common organism causing Ventilator associated event was Acinetobacter (47%), central line associated blood stream infection was Non fermenting gram negative bacilli (44%) and Catheter associated urinary tract infection was Enterococcus (75%). The mortality associated with Ventilator associated event was significant when compared to group without infection (64% vs. 19.3% Pearson chi2 P= 0.000)

The effects of government policies targeting ethics and governance processes on clinical trial activity and expenditure: a systematic review

Governments have attempted to increase clinical trial activity in their jurisdictions using a range of methods including simplifying the ethics review and governance process of clinical trials. This study’s objective was to systematically review the effects of government actions targeting ethics reviews or governance processes on clinical trial activity. The data sources of Pub Med, Scopus, Sage, ProQuest, Google, Google Scholar and reference lists were all searched between 9/8/20 and 6/9/20. From these sources, 1455 potentially eligible reports were reviewed and full text assessments were done for 295. Thirty-eight reports provided data on 45 interventions—13 targeting ethics review and 32 targeting governance processes—were included. There were data describing effects on a primary or secondary outcome (the number of clinical trials or expenditure on clinical trials) for 39/45 of the interventions. 23/39 (59%) reported positive effects, meaning a greater number of trials and/or expenditure on clinical trials (6/11 ethics, 17/28 governance), 7/39 (18%) reported null effects (4/11 ethics, 3/28 governance) and 9/39 (23%) reported adverse effects (1/13 ethics, 8/28 governance). Positive effects were attributable to interventions that better defined the scope of review, placed clear expectations on timelines or sought to achieve mutual acceptance of ethics review outcomes. Adverse effects were mostly caused by governance interventions that unintentionally added an extra layer of bureaucracy or were developed without full consideration of the broader clinical trial approval system. Governments have an opportunity to enhance clinical trial activity with interventions targeting ethics reviews and governance processes but must be aware that some interventions can have an adverse impact

The effects on clinical trial activity of direct funding and taxation policy interventions made by government: A systematic review

Context Governments have attempted to increase clinical trial activity in their jurisdictions using a range of methods including targeted direct funding and industry tax rebates. The effectiveness of the different approaches employed is unclear. Objective To systematically review the effects of direct government financing interventions by allowing companies to reduce their tax payable on clinical trial activity. Data sources Pub Med, Scopus, Sage, ProQuest, Google Scholar and Google were searched up to the 11th of April 2022. In addition, the reference lists of all potentially eligible documents were hand searched to identify additional reports. Following feedback from co-authors, information on a small number of additional interventions were specifically sought out and included. Data extraction Summary information about potentially eligible reports were reviewed independently by two researchers, followed by extraction of data into a structured spreadsheet for eligible studies. The primary outcomes of interest were the number of clinical trials and the expenditure on clinical trials but data about other evaluations were also collected. Results There were 1694 potentially eligible reports that were reviewed. Full text assessments were done for 304, and 30 reports that provided data on 43 interventions were included- 29 that deployed targeted direct funding and 14 that provided tax rebates or exemptions. There were data describing effects on a primary outcome for 25/41 of the interventions. The most common types of interventions were direct funding to researchers via special granting mechanisms and tax offsets to companies and research organisations. All 25 of the studies for which data were available reported a positive impact on numbers and/or expenditure on clinical trials though the robustness of evaluations was limited for many. Estimates of the magnitude of effects of interventions were reported inconsistently, varied substantially, and could not be synthesised quantitatively, though targeted direct funding interventions appeared to be associated with more immediate impact on clinical trial activity. Conclusion There is a high likelihood that governments can increase clinical trial activity with either direct or indirect fiscal mechanisms. Direct funding may provide a more immediate and tangible return on investment than tax rebates

Studies on grafting of acrylonitrile casein

Acrylonitrile was grafted to casein using persulfate catalyst. This copolymer and pure casein were subjected to amino-acid analysis. A comparison of the compositions of the two substances indicated thal about eleven amino acids were affected. Of them,only seven-arginine, cystine, glycine, lysine, serine, threonine and valine could be interpreted as having served as grafting sites. The degree of polymerization (about (6) calculated from the degree of grafting (18.5) and the amount lost or the above amino-acid residues was very low. This may be attributed to the structural peculiarities of casein

Pharmacological Properties of Banana Stem: An Updated Review

Musaceae is a perennial tree-like plant that is cultivated all over the world in various tropical and subtropical regions. The fruit, peel, leaves, pseudo-stem, stalk, and inflorescence (flower) of this plant, among other parts, are utilized in traditional medicine to treat several health problems. The banana stem juice has potential biological effects, including anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-helminthic, wound-healing, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, and anti-urolithic activities. Consequently, it can be said that banana stem juice contains adequate levels of healthy secondary metabolites that are essential for maintaining good health. To find novel approaches for treating and preventing a wide range of medical diseases, more studies into the medicinal potential of banana stem juice can be done. Hence, this review emphasizes Musaceae stem juice's medicinal and nutritional benefits as review