Does the institution of State Business Relations matter for Firm Performance? – A study of Indian Manufacturing

This paper examines the role of the external institutional environment captured by effective state-business relations on firm performance. By effective state-business relations, we mean a set of highly institutionalized, responsive and public interactions between the state and the business sector. We find that effective state-business relations have had a discernible positive impact on firm performance in Indian formal manufacturing for the years 2000-01 and 2004-05. We also find internal and external institutional factors are complementary to firm performance - smaller firms, firms in urban areas, older firms and firms in simpler organizational forms benefit more.State business relations; firm productivity; manufacturing sector; India

Rain, Rain, Go Away? The Investment Climate, State Business Relations and Firm Performance in India

It is commonly argued that a better investment climate reform – that is, lower distortions in the institutional, policy and regulatory environment in which firms operate - lead to discernible improvements in firm performance. In this paper, we argue that effective state business relations condition better investment climate outcomes and that the deeper institutional determinants of firm performance are the former. We examine the effect of effective state-business relations of total factor productivity (TFP) for formal sector firms in India for the years 2000-01 and 2004-05 and find support for this hypothesis.State business relations, total factor productivity, India

Organized versus Unorganized Manufacturing Performance in India in the Post-Reform Period

This paper analyses the productivity performance of the Indian manufacturing sector using unit level data, which is aggregated at four-digit industry level for the period 1994-95 to 2004-05 for 15 major states. The study focuses on both the organized and unorganized segments of the manufacturing sector. Both partial and total factor productivity (TFP) measures have been employed to trace the productivity performance of formal and informal manufacturing sector. TFP is estimated using Cobb-Douglas production functions at the four-digit industry level. The estimation is carried out by employing the Levinsohn-Petrin method, which uses intermediate inputs as the proxy to address the potential simultaneity bias in production function estimations. Our analysis reveals that labour productivity has increased for the organized sector over time whereas both labour productivity and capital intensity growth have slowed down in the unorganized sector during the 2000-01 to 2004-05 period. The production function analysis shows that capital has played a more significant role in the production process in both the sectors. TFP growth accelerated in the organized manufacturing sector during 2001-05 over 1995-2001 while the TFP decline that started in the first period (1995-2001) continued unabated even in the second period (2001-2005) in the unorganized manufacturing sector. We also find that output growth in both the sectors is productivity driven and not input driven. The improvement in TFPG of organized manufacturing in the post-2000 period as compared to the second half the 1990s across most states in India and that output growth was mostly productivity driven are important positive features of manufacturing performance in the post-reform period. However, the declining total factor productivity on one hand and increasing capital intensity of the unorganized sector is a cause of worry and raises several important questions.Productivity, Organized manufacturing, Unorganized sector, Industrial Sector

State business relations and manufacturing productivity growth in India

Empirical studies on total factor productivity growth (TFPG) in developing countries highlight trade open-ness, research and development and market structure as being the most important determinants of TFPG. The role of institutions remains overlooked in the literature on the determinants of TFPG. In this paper, we look into the role of institutional quality as captured by effective state-business relationships (SBRs) in influencing TFPG, using Indian manufacturing as a case-study. By SBRs we mean a set of highly institutionalised, responsive and public interactions between the state and the business sector. To compute TFPG, we use firm level data for both the formal and informal manufacturing sector. We correct for the simultaneity bias associated with the production function approach for TFPG estimation by employing a method developed by Levinsohn and Petrin. We propose measures of effective SBRs for 15 Indian States over the period 1994-2005, and then use them in TFP growth equations to estimate the effect of SBR on TFPG. The results indicate that SBR has positively affected the TFP growth of Indian industry. The effect however is primarily for the formal sector.State-business relations; Indian Manufacturing; Total Factor Productivity Growth

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筑波大学 (University of Tsukuba)201

Coincidence and common fixed point theorems for Suzuki type hybrid contractions and applications

Coincidence and common fixed point theorems for a class of Suzuki hybrid contractions involving two pairs of single-valued and multivalued maps in a metric space are obtained. In addition, the existence of a common solution for a certain class of functional equations arising in a dynamic programming is also discussed.The authors thank the referees for their deep understanding, appreciation, and suggestions to improve upon the original typescript. They are also thankful to the Spanish Government for its support of this research through Grant DPI2012-30651, and to the Basque Government for its support of this research trough Grants IT378-10 and SAIOTEK S-PE12UN015. Further, they acknowledge the financial support by the University of Basque Country through Grant UFI 2011/0

Surgical Stabilization of Femur Fractures in Post-Traumatic Hypoxemic Patients: When and Why?

Background: Post-traumatic hypoxemia can deteriorate during operative manipulations. Objectives: In the present study, criteria-based approach was applied to determine optimum conditions for femur surgery. The aim of this study was to optimize perioperative management of post-traumatic hypoxemia. Patients and Methods: In this prospective observational study, post-traumatic adults with PaO2 200 mmHg (FiO2 < 0.5, PEEP < 8 cm H2O). Results: A total of 31 adults (26 males and 5 females) with LIS of 0.1 to 2.5 (26 patients) and > 2.5 (five patients) at admission were recruited. Sixteen patients were admitted within 24 hours and 15 between 24 and 90 hours after injury. Thirteen patients were operated within 24 hours. Post-operative LIS was improved. No adverse sequels or mortality were seen. Conclusions: Appropriate surgical stabilization can be safely performed during established post-traumatic hypoxemia using a multidisciplinary approach, continuous monitoring, and serial investigations to diagnose fulminant pathology and associated injuries

Fermentation Studies for the Production of Dibutyl Phthalate, an Ester Bioactive Compound from Streptomyces albidoflavus MTCC 3662 Using Low-Priced Substrates

Abstract Attempts were made to evaluate the limiting nutritional parameters for production of dibutyl phthalate from Streptomyces albidoflavus MTCC 3662. The compound was found as a broad spectrum bioactive compound that acts as an antimetabolite of proline. Among the carbon and nitrogen sources tested in batch fermentation, glycerol (1.75%) and arginine (0.075%) supported best production. Arginine was replaced with sodium nitrate (0.025%) in the later studied due to its low cost, easy availability and as well as for good production capability. Other limiting nutrients, KH 2 PO 4 0.05%, NaCl 0.15% and MgSO 4 0.03% were found best for production. Effect of trace salts in the basal medium was also tested. Medium supplementation with casein hydrolysate, jaggery and yeast extract (0.001%, each) enhanced the production. Yield enhancement was also observed with Tween-80 (0.2µg/ml). Optimization of nutritional parameters imparts enhancement of production by 2.4 fold, using low cost substrates

The incidence and management of hypotension in the pregnant parturients undergoing caesarean section following spinal anaesthesia with 0.5% bupivacaine

Background: Spinal anesthesia for cesarean section is not a 100% successful technique. At times, despite straightforward insertion and drug administration, intrathecal anaesthesia for cesarean section fails to obtain any sensory or motor block.Methods: This study is aimed at comparing the incidence of hypotension and the need for vasopressors in patients submitted to caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia following preload with either crystalloid or colloid. This study was carried out on 100 healthy pregnant women with single term foetus and not in labor admitted at the labor room of Gynecological department of RIMS. Blood pressure, Pulse rate, O2 Saturation and episodes of hypotension were recorded every 5 minutes from the spinal block.Results: The study showed that maximum number of caesarean sections here performed for the indication of foetal distress which is seen in 44%, 48%, 52%, and 48% in Group A, Group B, Group C and Group D respectively. This is followed by scar tenderness and obstructed labour. In Group A maximum number of patients developed hypotension during 11-20 minutes duration which is 13 (61.9%) followed by 5 (23.8%) patients during first 10 minutes.Conclusions: The study concludes that the combined use of volume preloading to compensate for vasodilatation and vasopressor to counteract arterial dilatation is a very effective method in reducing the incidence, severity and duration of spiral hypotension. The combination group with decreased volume of preload and reduced dose of vasoconstrictor provides better haemodynamic stability when compared to preloading of vasoconstrictors alone

Does the institution of State Business Relations matter for Firm Performance? – A study of Indian Manufacturing

This paper examines the role of the external institutional environment captured by effective state-business relations on firm performance. By effective state-business relations, we mean a set of highly institutionalized, responsive and public interactions between the state and the business sector. We find that effective state-business relations have had a discernible positive impact on firm performance in Indian formal manufacturing for the years 2000-01 and 2004-05. We also find internal and external institutional factors are complementary to firm performance - smaller firms, firms in urban areas, older firms and firms in simpler organizational forms benefit more