Numerical modelling of the quantum-tail effect on fusion rates at low energy

Results of numerical simulations of fusion rate d(d,p)t, for low-energy deuteron beam, colliding with deuterated metallic matrix (Raiola et al. Phys. Lett.B 547 (2002) 193 and Eur. Phys J. A 13 (2002) 377) confirm analytical estimate given in Coraddu et al. nucl-th/0401043, taking into account quantum tails in the momentum distribution function of target particles, and predict an enhanced astrophysical factor in the 1 keV region in qualitative agreement with experiments.Comment: 6 pages, without figure

Global vision to understand the game situations in modern basketball

In basketball, as in all team sports, collaboration systems offensive and defensive demand for an effective communication among the players, a fast and correct comprehension of game situations. The task of the coach will be to train the players thinking, using a method of teaching-learning useful for their proper growth technique, tactics and psychological, accustoming them through targeted exercises to observe the evolution of the game, to understand the various technical and tactical aspects, to know how to choose which skills and how to play each fundamental in various situations and know how to perform. The workout structured in such a way greatly increases the degree of adaptation from the players to the different forms of unpredictability that basketball reserve, as well as to stabilize the provision of a level of quality. This study should aim to describe the method teaching, to analyze some aspects of planning and specific strategies to train in a modern vision of basketball. Method is theoretical and argumentative with deductive approach. It is collected the main technicaltactical paradigm to apply at a new vision of the basketball. Results show situations is the aim for a correct analysis of the question and so the planning and each training session has to be structured according to algorithm in which there is the pathway to give a good response to the problem

A brief review on physiological commitment in basketball: An interpretative key

The physiological commitment is widely investigated because is the basis of physical training methods and sports sciences. Every sport has a characteristic pattern of exercise and range of exercise intensities which determine the energy requirements in the sport. The review of the literature and scientific documents was conducted through the use of several databases: PubMed, MedLine, Google Scholar. Several studies carry out a lot of data and then they have applied to team sports such as soccer, basketball, handball, rugby. Performance analysis studies show that each team sport has the own and different characteristics and has unique profiles because the indicators are different. The physiological commitment may be different in the several situations analysed and be dependent on the type of mechanics of the running. The results, relative at the intensity, fatigue resistance and ability of to cover wide distances, in varied way, by basketball players during matches, can substantially affect basketball theory and practice. The purpose of this work is to analyse and evaluate the physiological commitment required of basketball players (linear and varied running with and without dribble), trying to extract relevant information from a series of research carried out in different countries of the world, for an interpretative analysis of theoretical and documental result

Game based and multilateral approach in youth soccer training: a choice so that health and sporting targets can coexist

The analysis on how young people are introduced to sport is very topical, especially for soccer which in Italy has around 700,000 young players and more than 28,000 coaches. For these reasons the team sports, and the soccer in particular, are looking for a methodology capable of structuring more effectively the requirements necessary for the training of the future athlete / player. The relationship between the way to organize the youth training approach and the effects of this approach not only affect the learning skills effectiveness but also involve issues relating to the young athlete health

Energetic cost of running with and without the ball in male basketball players

This study aimed to assess the energetic cost ( C) at different running conditions (RC) with/without the ball (1000m at 80% of VO(2)max) during: Linear running, Shuttle running (180 degrees), Linear running with stop and restart, between two groups according to the position/role (guards: n=15; forwards/centres: n=15). Experimental approach to the problem required the following tests/devices: a portable Metabolimeter was used to assess the metabolic parameters for each RC, Squat Jump (OptoJump) to assess the strength's decrease differences of the lower limbs before/ after each test and Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) after each RC to assess the training load, while the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS-IMU) was used to assess the body inclinations and Acceleration/ Deceleration for each RC. The T-test was used for independent samples and Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to assess the significant differences for each variable between each RC. The results of this study could be useful not only for coaches to optimize basketball training load related to the RC (with and without the ball), but also to optimize the motor learning in young basketball players and to optimize the load of work in relation to the position and energetic capacities of players. The main evidence of this study has confirmed initial hypothesis, showing a different metabolic expenditure in the six running conditions ( Linear Running, Linear Running & Stop and restart, Shuttle run with and without ball) and between the two groups taken in consideration (Guards and Forwards/Centres). In addition, different energetic cost between the two groups increases even more during the running with the ball compared to running without the ball

Physical education teaching in Italian primary school: theoretical lines and operational proposals

Background and Study Aim For the new reform to be applied in the best possible way, it is a priority and useful to promote the development of knowledge on the organization and methods of teaching/learning in physical education in primary school. This study aims to search for a new didactic organizational model for physical education in primary school, starting from the theoretical lines, showing the contrasts of the significant aspects and the uniqueness of heuristic learning, with a consequent theoretical and argumentative elaboration of operational proposals.Material and Methods For this purpose, an accurate survey of the scientific literature has been analyzed, highlighting the critical issues that characterized the various proposals and attempt to implement physical activity and sports education courses in primary school over the years, up to the recent legislative innovation.Results The path of the definition of physical education in primary school was marked by stages that did not always enhance the educational and training dimension of the motor and sports experience, making the school discipline assume a marginal and optional role in the face of an extracurricular practice characterized by a widespread organization and more capable of intercepting and responding to the physical exercise and sport needs of society. This complex situation has only generated confusion without solving the problem of the absence of physical and sporting activity in the 5-10 age group, as required by the World Health Organization and the European Union, by adequately and uniquely qualified teachers. It is now useful to promote the development of knowledge on the didactic organization of the primary school, on the different teaching/learning methods in physical education, to contextualize the scope of the new legal provision to the current legal framework.Conclusions The study highlights the value of a new approach in teacher training that aims to ensure the acquisition of key competence, according to the Recommendation of the European Parliament. This perspective can be easily realized by using a core curriculum uniformly applied at the national level

Bioaccessibility of Deoxynivalenol and its natural co-occurrence, with Ochratoxin A and Aflatoxin B1 in italian commercial pasta

Cereals products for direct human consumption are rarely contaminated by moulds, unlike raw materials, which are often infected, either in the field or during storage. In this study, 27 samples of dried pasta characterised by size, packaging and marketing intended for young children consumption were collected and analysed by liquid chromatography (LC) and liquid chromatography– tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) for Deoxynivalenol (DON), Ochratoxin A (OTA) and Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) determination. The samples that showed the highest amounts of one of the mycotoxins were cooked for 10 min, digested with an in vitro gastrointestinal protocol and bioaccessibility values were calculated. Seven of the 27 samples exceeded from 120% to 225% the legal limit of 200 lg/kg for DON fixed for processed cereal-based baby foods by an European Regulation; all the collected samples were under the OTA legal limit (0.05 lg/kg) fixed by the European Regulation and no sample was contaminated by AFB1 over the instrumental limit of detection of 0.10 lg/kg. The mean value of gastric bioaccessibility verified for the DON resulted of 23.1%, whereas mean duodenal bioaccessibility was 12.1%

Study of thermal resistance and in vitro bioaccessibility of patulin from artificially contaminated apple products

Apple juices and purees represent categories widely consumed by whole population and above all children. Patulin (PAT) is a mycotoxin known for its acute and chronic effects in animals. Several studies indicate there is a risk associated to the PAT intake, through the consumption of purees and apple juices. In this study, apple juice and puree were prepared and artificially contaminated with PAT at 50 lg/kg and submitted to a thermal treatment simulating pasteurization to evaluate PAT’s reduction. In a second phase of the work, apple products samples (n = 7) included juices, nectars and purees belonging to different commercial brands were collected, artificially contaminated with PAT at 50 lg/L (limit established for PAT in juices) and 25 lg/kg (limit established for PAT in purees), digested with an in vitro gastrointestinal protocol and bioaccessibility values (%) were calculated. After thermal treatment, the PAT’s loss evidenced in purees and juices was of 1.41 ± 0.52% and 62.62 ± 2.53% respectively. Related to the bioaccessibility data, two juices with pulp showed values of 70.89 ± 4.93 and 67.30 ± 10.76%; two purees showed levels of 58.15 ± 5.50 and 55.69 ± 4.73%, whereas nectar and two clarified juice showed percentages of 38.88 ± 2.42, 28.59 ± 0.46 and 25.28 ± 0.61%, respectively

The physical effort required from professional football players in different playing positions

The purpose of this study is to examine the physical effort required at professional football players (Italian Championship) in relation to the examination of a series of friendly matches at different times of the year, compared to their role, using the technology of GPS, for finalizing the training to improve the sport performance. The activities of players were monitored using GPS technology with a sampling rate of 10 Hz. The total distance covered, distances with different speed and accelerations were analyzed in relation to five different roles: (CD) central defenders, (FB) full-backs, (M) midfielders, (AM) advanced midfielders and (A) attackers. Players activities were monitored using GPS technology with a sampling rate of 10 Hz. Total distance covered, distance at different speeds and accelerations were analyzed in relation in five different roles: (CD) central defenders, (FB) full-backs, (M) midfielders, (AM) advanced midfielders and (A) attackers. The maximum covered distance (over 10 km) during a friendly match was reached by the third (FB), midfielders (M) and advanced midfielders (AM); The same ones have covered, too, the greatest distances in high-intensity running (> 16 km/h); instead, the attackers and central defenders covered the distance in high power. The full-backs (FB) and Advanced Midfielders (AM) have producted high acceleration and deceleration compared to other roles, while midfielders (M) have developed greater metabolic power. Finally, the end-of-season results were compared with the data gained at the beginning of the year and important differences between the various roles were noted