Untersuchungen zur Quecksilber-Analytik und Quecksilberbelastung von Arzneipflanzen und deren pharmazeutischen Zubereitungen

Digitalisat der Ausgabe von 1995, erschienen 201

Rosemary has immunosuppressant activity mediated through the STAT3 pathway

In Europe extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis were traditionally used for the treatment of rheumatic diseases. We investigated the capacity of standardized aqueous extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis on human primary lymphocyte function in vitro, as activated lymphocytes are an important mediator of rheumatic diseases.; Lymphocyte proliferation was measured using membrane-permeable dye carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE). Apoptosis was analysed by surface staining of phosphatidylserine (annexin V-assay) and necrosis was analysed by staining with propidium iodide. Modification of cell activity was detected by surface staining of CD69 and CD25. The activity of STAT3 in T-lymphocytes was determined by intracellular staining of STAT3 molecules. All endpoints were analyzed by using flow cytometry. The Rosmarinus officinalis extract was investigated at concentrations of 0.05-25 mg/mL. Analysis of the extract was performed using HPLC methods.; Rosmarinus officinalis inhibited proliferation of human lymphocytes and CD4; +; T-cells in a dose-dependent manner (3.1-25 mg/mL) through induction of apoptosis. The intracellular signalling pathway STAT3 in T-cells, but not NF-kappaB and ERK1/2 in T- and B-cells was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by Rosmarinus officinalis (0.2-6.2 mg/mL). Rosmanol, carnosolic acid, carnosol and trans-caffeic acid were tested in the same cellular models as the crude extract. From these, only trans-caffeic acid inhibited lymphocyte proliferation and STAT3 (30-100 μg/mL). Trans-caffeic acid was found in the extract in a concentration of 14.7 μg/mL.; We conclude that an immunosuppressive effect of Rosmarinus officinalis is mostly due to the effect of trans-caffeic acid. It results in inhibition of the activity of STAT3 causing induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation of T-lymphocytes

Concentration of Penicillin G in Jawbone Affected by Antiresorptive Agent-Related Osteonecrosis Following a Single Preoperative Dose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration of penicillin G in bone affected by antiresorptive agent-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (ARONJ) following a single preoperative dose of 10 million international units (6000 mg). ARONJ is a major concern in patients administered antiresorptive agents for conditions associated with pathologically increased bone resorption. Antibiotic therapy is a key component of most treatment approaches for ARONJ and penicillin based regimens, providing a cost effective therapy option with a favorable side effect profile, are administered most frequently. In this study, high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was applied to evaluate penicillin G concentration in serum and bone samples of 19 patients suffering from ARONJ and undergoing surgical treatment under perioperative intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy. Penicillin G bone concentrations were above the limit of detection (0.1 μg/g bone tissue) in 16 out of 19 samples, with a median concentration of 2.7 μg/g (range 0.1–8.8 μg/g). Penicillin G concentrations in intraoperative serum samples were above the limit of detection in all serum samples, with a median concentration of 116 μg/mL (range 1–232 μg/mL). Thus, considering bacteria frequently found in ARONJ lesions, penicillin G at levels providing adequate antimicrobial activity was detected in the serum and 16 out of 19 osteonecrotic lesions of patients suffering from ARONJ

In Vitro Anti-inflammatory Effects of Equisetum Arvense Are Not Solely Mediated by Silica

Equisetum arvense, known as common horsetail, is used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and is the plant with the highest concentration of silica. Yet it is unknown if the medicinal properties are mediated by its silica content. In the current study, optimal conditions for silica-rich horsetail preparations were identified. Bioactivity of the preparations was analyzed in vitro using flow cytometry-based activity and functionality profiling of primary human lymphocytes as well as cytokine measurement using a classical ELISA technique. Experiments revealed that horsetail preparations suppress activation and proliferation of lymphocytes by an interleukin-2-dependent mechanism. The effect increased with the silica concentration in the decoctions. Lymphocytesʼ polyfunctionality was also influenced, shown by a downregulation of IFN-γ. Analytical profiling by HPLC-UV-MS and bioactivity testing revealed relevant immunosuppressive concentrations of a component that has been identified as isoquercitrin. Our results show that both silica and isoquercitrin are active compounds of horsetail preparations

Biosensor-Enabled Multiplexed On-Site Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antibiotics

Personalized antibiotherapy ensures that the antibiotic concentration remains in the optimal therapeutic window to maximize efficacy, minimize side effects, and avoid the emergence of drug resistance due to insufficient dosing. However, such individualized schemes need frequent sampling to tailor the blood antibiotic concentrations. To optimally integrate therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) into the clinical workflow, antibiotic levels can either be measured in blood using point-of-care testing (POCT), or can rely on noninvasive sampling. Here, a versatile biosensor with an antibody-free assay for on-site TDM is presented. The platform is evaluated with an animal study, where antibiotic concentrations are quantified in different matrices including whole blood, plasma, urine, saliva, and exhaled breath condensate (EBC). The clearance and the temporal evaluation of antibiotic levels in EBC and plasma are demonstrated. Influence of matrix effects on measured drug concentrations is determined by comparing the plasma levels with those in noninvasive samples. The system's potential for blood-based POCT is further illustrated by tracking ss-lactam concentrations in untreated blood samples. Finally, multiplexing capabilities are explored successfully for multianalyte/sample analysis. By enabling a rapid, low-cost, sample-independent, and multiplexed on-site TDM, this system can shift the paradigm of "one-size-fits-all" strategy.ISSN:0935-9648ISSN:1521-409