U(1) staggered Dirac operator and random matrix

We investigate the spectrum of the staggered Dirac operator in 4d quenched U(1) lattice gauge theory and its relationship to random matrix theory. In the confined as well as in the Coulomb phase the nearest-neighbor spacing distribution of the unfolded eigenvalues is well described by the chiral unitary ensemble. The same is true for the distribution of the smallest eigenvalue and the microscopic spectral density in the confined phase. The physical origin of the chiral condensate in this phase deserves further study.Comment: LATTICE99 (theoretical developments), 3 pages, 7 figure

Zero-modes of the QED Neuberger Dirac operator

We consider $4d$ compact lattice QED in the quenched approximation. First, we briefly summarize the spectrum of the staggered Dirac operator and its connection with random matrix theory. Afterwards we present results for the low-lying eigenmodes of the Neuberger overlap-Dirac operator. In the strong coupling phase we find exact zero-modes. Subsequently we discuss possibly related topological excitations of the U(1) lattice gauge theory.Comment: Lattice2001(confinement), 6 pages, 9 figure

An analytical and experimental investigation of three phase flow in airlift pumps used for diamondiferous marine gravel reclamation

Bibliography: leaves 75-79.This dissertation covers an investigation on airlift pumps operating in three phase flow. The investigation is specifically geared towards offshore diamond reclamation and the three phases considered are air, water and marine gravels. The purpose of the research was to develop an analytical technique to simulate mathematically an offshore airlift pump being used in the recovery of diamondiferous marine gravels. This analytical technique is incorporated into computer software which can be used to simulate prototype airlift installations in a CAD (computer aided design) environment. Extensive laboratory work has been conducted on both a 90 mm and 40 mm diameter airlift pump test facility. This investigation involved the measurement of specific components required for the theoretical simulation. Also monitored were airlift pump delivered outputs and behaviour under various operating conditions. Using this information, the proposed mathematical model was formulated, evaluated and compared with other mathematical models presented in the literature. The theoretical approach, which is based on a balance of external and internal pressures, proved successful and theoretically predicted solid and liquid output flow rates compared favourably with measured solid and liquid output flow rates. Furthermore, the computer software which was subsequently developed is presently being used in the diamond mining industry to model prototype airlift pumps. A sensitivity analysis was performed to establish the effect of all the variables used in the mathematical model

Quantum chaos and chiral symmetry at the QCD and QED phase transition

We investigate the eigenvalue spectrum of the staggered Dirac matrix in SU(3) gauge theory and in full QCD as well as in quenched U(1) theory. As a measure of the fluctuation properties of the eigenvalues, we consider the nearest-neighbor spacing distribution. We find that in all regions of their phase diagrams, compact lattice gauge theories have bulk spectral correlations given by random matrix theory, which is an indication for quantum chaos. In the confinement phase, the low-lying Dirac spectrum of these quantum field theories is well described by random matrix theory, exhibiting universal behavior. Related results for gauge theories with minimal coupling are now discussed also in the chirally symmetric phase.Comment: 5 pages, 11 figures, talk presented at QCD 00 (Montpellier, France, 2000-07-06 -- 2000-07-13

Datenbanken der Historischen Statistik im ZHSF

The availability of historical statistical data of high quality in machine-readable form for Germany is in a lamentable condition. The existing data are scattered over numerous publications. They are only partially available in machine-readable form and only a small part of them is stored in public archives. But not only that most of the existing machine-readable data are not archived, for Germany we also miss a statistical handbook for the history of economy, society and state - in printed as well as in electronic form - which presents the relevant figures in a systematic way. The online data bank HISTAT tries to offer the historical statistical data to the scientific community. This data bank does not only present the numerous figures and time series, it also documents the various annotations which help to understand the figures and the sources that have been the basis for creating the figures by the researcher, and, last but not least, it contains the literature which was consulted when editing the data. The final goal of this data bank is to present the data in a systematic way. Like the Statistical Yearbook, the online data bank must offer the categorized time series for different regions and branches, together with all information that are necessary to understand and evaluate historically the meaning of these statistical data

Exact Zero-Modes of the Compact QED Dirac Operator

We calculate the low-lying eigenmodes of the Neuberger overlap-Dirac operator for $4d$ compact lattice QED in the quenched approximation. In the strong coupling phase we find exact zero-modes, quite similar as in non-Abelian lattice QCD. Subsequently we make an attempt to identify responsible topological excitations of the U(1) lattice gauge theory.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, minor changes (typos corrected, table updated, reference added

Lowest eigenvalues of the Dirac operator for two color QCD at nonzero chemical potential

We investigate the eigenvalue spectrum of the staggered Dirac matrix in SU(3) and U(1) gauge theory as well as in full QCD with two colors and finite chemical potential. Along the strong-coupling axis up to the phase transition, the low-lying Dirac spectrum of these quantum field theories is well described by random matrix theory and exhibits universal behavior. Related results for gauge theories with minimal coupling are discussed in the chirally symmetric phase and no universality is seen for the microscopic spectral densities.Comment: Lattice2001(hightemp), 3 pages, 9 figure

The Fatty Acid Synthase of the Basidiomycete Omphalotus olearius Is a Single Polypeptide

Fatty acids are essential components of almost all biological membranes. Additionally, they are important in energy storage, as second messengers during signal transduction, and in post-translational protein modification. De novo synthesis of fatty acids is essential for almost all organisms, and entails the iterative elongation of the growing fatty acid chain through a set of reactions conserved in all kingdoms. During our work on the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, a 450-kDa protein was detected by SDS-PAGE of enriched fractions from mycelial lysates from the basidiomycete Omphalotus olearius. Protein sequencing of this protein band revealed the presence of peptides with homology to both α and β subunits of the ascomycete fatty acid synthase (FAS) family. The FAS encoding gene of O. olearius was sequenced. The positions of its predicted 21 introns were verified. The gene encodes a 3931 amino acids single protein, with an equivalent of the ascomycetous β subunit at the N-terminus and the α subunit at the C-terminus. This is the first report on an FAS protein from a homobasidiomycete and also the first fungal FAS which is comprised of a single polypeptide

Detection of Inflammatory and Homeostasis Biomarkers after Selective Removal of Carious Dentin—An In Vivo Feasibility Study

Deep carious dentin lesions induce an immune reaction within the pulp-dentin complex, leading to the release of cytokines, which might be suitable biomarkers in pulp diagnostics. This in vivo feasibility study determines the concentration of different cytokines after selective removal of carious infected dentin (SCR). In our methodology, paired samples are obtained from 21 patients—each of them with two deep carious lesions at posterior teeth without clinical symptoms. After SCR, lesions are randomly assigned to treatment strategy: Group 1 (11 patients): Carious dentin is covered either with BiodentineTM (n = 11) or gutta-percha (n = 11) before using the adhesive OptibondTM FL. Group 2 (10 patients): The adhesives ClearfilTM SE Protect Bond (n = 10) or ClearfilTM SE Bond 2 (n = 10) are directly applied. Prepared cavities are rinsed with phosphate buffered saline containing 0.05% Tween 20 (10X) for five minutes immediately after SCR (visit 1) and eight weeks later (visit 2). Rinsing liquid is regained. Concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, C-reactive protein (CRP), TNF-α, IFN-γ, TIMP-1, -2, and MMP-7, -8, -9 are assessed by customized multiplex assays, evaluated with fluorescence analyzer. Non-parametric statistical analysis (Wilcoxon, Mann–Whitney U Test, p < 0.05) is performed (SPSS 25). Our results show that concentrations of CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, TIMP-1, -2, and MMPs were detectable. Median concentrations of CRP, IL-1β und IL-6 were significantly higher in visit 1 (304.9, 107.4, 3.8 pg/mL), compared to visit 2 (67.8, 2.3, 0.0 pg/mL; pi < 0.001). The study revealed that the non-invasive determination of cytokines from prepared dental cavities is possible