Incidence of Respiratory Virus-Associated Pneumonia in Urban Poor Young Children of Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2009–2011

Pneumonia is the leading cause of childhood death in Bangladesh. We conducted a longitudinal study to estimate the incidence of virus-associated pneumonia in children aged <2 years in a low-income urban community in Dhaka, Bangladesh.We followed a cohort of children for two years. We collected nasal washes when children presented with respiratory symptoms. Study physicians diagnosed children with cough and age-specific tachypnea and positive lung findings as pneumonia case-patients. We tested respiratory samples for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinoviruses, human metapneumovirus (HMPV), influenza viruses, human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV 1, 2, 3), and adenoviruses using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays.Between April 2009-March 2011, we followed 515 children for 730 child-years. We identified a total of 378 pneumonia episodes, 77% of the episodes were associated with a respiratory viral pathogen. The overall incidence of pneumonia associated with a respiratory virus infection was 40/100 child-years. The annual incidence of pneumonia/100 child-years associated with a specific respiratory virus in children aged < 2 years was 12.5 for RSV, 6 for rhinoviruses, 6 for HMPV, 4 for influenza viruses, 3 for HPIV and 2 for adenoviruses.Young children in Dhaka are at high risk of childhood pneumonia and the majority of these episodes are associated with viral pathogens. Developing effective low-cost strategies for prevention are a high priority

Simkania negevensis infection among Brazilian children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2014-12-22T16:48:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Nascimento-Carvalho C M Simkania negevensis....pdf: 173851 bytes, checksum: 1a4914fb77ceb9788402bb332485bc45 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2014-12-22T16:49:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Nascimento-Carvalho C M Simkania negevensis....pdf: 173851 bytes, checksum: 1a4914fb77ceb9788402bb332485bc45 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2014-12-22T17:03:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Nascimento-Carvalho C M Simkania negevensis....pdf: 173851 bytes, checksum: 1a4914fb77ceb9788402bb332485bc45 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-22T17:03:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nascimento-Carvalho C M Simkania negevensis....pdf: 173851 bytes, checksum: 1a4914fb77ceb9788402bb332485bc45 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009Universidade Federal da Bahia. Escola de Medicina. Departamento de Pediatria. Salvador, BA, Brasil.São Paulo University. Faculty of Public Health. Department of Epidemiology. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.National Public Health Institute. Oulu, Finland.Universidade Federal da Bahia. Escola de Medicina. Departamento de Patologia. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Universidade Federal da Bahia. Escola de Medicina. Departamento de Diagnóstico de Imagem. Salvador, BA, Brasil.National Public Health Institute. Oulu, Finland.University of Turku. Department of Virology. Turku, Finland.National Public Health Institute. Oulu, Finland.University of Turku. Department of Pediatrics. Turku, Finland

Procalcitonin is useful in identifying bacteraemia among children with pneumonia

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2014-12-22T18:30:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Nascimento-Carvalho CM Procalcitonin is useful....pdf: 120414 bytes, checksum: 5a88036f201a432801728f2e814e780d (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2014-12-22T18:30:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Nascimento-Carvalho CM Procalcitonin is useful....pdf: 120414 bytes, checksum: 5a88036f201a432801728f2e814e780d (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2014-12-22T18:47:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Nascimento-Carvalho CM Procalcitonin is useful....pdf: 120414 bytes, checksum: 5a88036f201a432801728f2e814e780d (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-22T18:47:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nascimento-Carvalho CM Procalcitonin is useful....pdf: 120414 bytes, checksum: 5a88036f201a432801728f2e814e780d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010Universidade Federal da Bahia. Escola de Medicina Veterinária. Departamento de Pediatria. Salvador, BA, BrasilSão Paulo University. Faculty of Public Health. Epidemiology Department. São Paulo, SP, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Escola de Medicina. Departamento de Diagnóstico de Patologia. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Escola de Medicina Veterinária. Departamento de Diagnóstico de Imagem. Salvador, BA, BrasilParis Descartes University. St Vincent-Cochin Hospital. Paris, FranceNational Institute for Health and Welfare. Oulu, FinlandNational Institute for Health and Welfare. Oulu, FinlandUniversity of Turku. Virology. Turku, FinlandParis Descartes University. St Vincent-Cochin Hospital. Paris, FranceNational Institute for Health and Welfare. Oulu, FinlandUniversity of Turku. Paediatrics Department. Turku, FinlandParis Descartes University. St Vincent-Cochin Hospital. Paris, FranceEmpirical antibiotic use is prescribed in managing children with pneumonia worldwide. We assessed the usefulness of procalcitonin (PCT) and interferon-alpha (IFN- α ) in differentiating viral from bacterial pneumonia. Among 159 hospitalized children, pneumonia was diagnosed based on clinical complaints plus pulmonary infi ltrate. Aetiology was investigated for 9 viruses and 4 atypical and 3 typical bacteria. PCT and IFN- α were measured in the serum sample collected on admission. Eight patients had bacteraemic infections, 38 had non-bacteraemic typical infections, and 19 patients had atypical bacterial infections. Viral and unknown aetiology was established in 57 (36%) and 34 (21%) cases, respectively. Three patients with bacterial infection without collected blood culture were excluded. IFN- α (IU/ml) was detectable in 20 (13%) cases. The difference among median PCT values of the bacteraemic (4.22; 1.56 – 7.56), non-bacteraemic typical bacterial (1.47; 0.24 – 4.07), atypical bacterial (0.18; 0.06 – 1.03) and only viral (0.65; 0.11 – 2.22) subgroups was signifi cant ( p 0.02). PCT was 2 ng/ml in 52 (33%) cases. The presence of IFN- α was associated with PCT 2 ng/ml (90% vs. 64%, p 0.02). The negative predictive value (95% confi dence interval) of PCT 2 ng/ml was 95% (89 – 100%), 89% (78 – 100%), 93% (85 – 100%) for differentiation of bacteraemic from viral, atypical bacterial and nonbacteraemic typical bacterial infection, respectively, and 58% (49 – 68%) for differentiation between bacterial and viral infection. PCT may be useful in identifying bacteraemia among children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. IFN- α was uncommonly detected

Respiratory viral infections among children with community-acquired pneumonia and pleural effusion

Barral, Aldina Maria Prado “Documento produzido em parceria ou por autor vinculado à Fiocruz, mas não consta à informação no documento”.Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2017-08-31T12:18:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Barral A Respiratory viral infections... (1).pdf: 117646 bytes, checksum: cbaf68977d2c646d56d5b7d83c51bb62 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2017-08-31T12:43:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Barral A Respiratory viral infections... (1).pdf: 117646 bytes, checksum: cbaf68977d2c646d56d5b7d83c51bb62 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-31T12:43:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barral A Respiratory viral infections... (1).pdf: 117646 bytes, checksum: cbaf68977d2c646d56d5b7d83c51bb62 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa no Estado da Bahia (FAPESB), Salvador, Brazil, the Paediatric Research Foundation, the Helsinki University Central Hospital Research and Development Fund, the Academy of Finland (project 1122539). ),Federal University of Bahia. School of Medicine. Paediatrics Department. Salvador, BA, BrasilFederal University of Bahia. Professor Hosannah de Oliveira Paediatric Centre. Salvador, BA, BrasilSão Paulo University. Faculty of Public Health. Epidemiology Department. São Paulo, SP, BrasilFederal University of Bahia. School of Medicine. Image Diagnosis Department. Salvador, BA, BrasilFederal University of Bahia. School of Medicine. Pathology Department. Salvador, BA, BrazilNational Institute for Health and Welfare. Bacterial Laboratory. OuluNational Institute for Health and Welfare. Bacterial Laboratory. Oulu / Oulu University Hospital. Clinical Microbiology Laboratory. OuluNational Institute for Health and Welfare. Bacterial Laboratory. OuluUniversity Central Hospital. Virology Laboratory. Laboratory Division. Helsinki, HelsinkiUniversity of Helsinki. Haartman Institute. Helsinki, HelsinkiUniversity of Turku. Virology Department. Turku, FinlandUniversity of Turku. Paediatrics Department. Turku, FinlandPleural effusion (PE), a complication of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), is usually attributed to a bacterial infection. Nonetheless, viral infections have not been investigated routinely. We searched for bacterial and viral infections among 277 children hospitalized with CAP. Among these children 206 (74%) had radiographic confirmation, of whom 25 (12%) had PE. The aetiology was established in 18 (72%) PE cases: bacterial (n = 5; 28%), viral (n = 9; 50%), and viral-bacterial (n = 4; 22%) infections were found. Infection by rhinovirus (n = 3), enterovirus, Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 2 each), Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, influenza A virus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (n = 1 each) were detected as probable sole infections. Parainfluenza virus 1/3 + influenza A virus and RSV + influenza A virus (n = 1 each) were identified as mixed viral-viral infections. Probable viral non-bacterial infection was identified in a third of the cases with CAP and PE. It is advisable to investigate viral as well as bacterial infections among children with CAP and PE

The role of respiratory viral infections among children hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia in a developing country

We report an investigation for 16 bacteria and viruses among 184 children hospitalized with pneumonia in Salvador, Brazil. Etiology was established in 144 (78%) cases. Viral, bacterial, and mixed infections were found in 110 (60%), 77 (42%), and 52 (28%) patients, respectively. Rhinovirus (21%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (21%) were the most common pathogens. Our results demonstrate the importance of viral and pneumococcal infections among those patients.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa no Estado da Bahia (FAPESB), Salvador, BrazilPediatric Research Foundation, Helsinki, Finlan

Baseline information of a cohort children (n = 515) in urban low income neighborhood of Dhaka, Bangladesh during April 2009–March 2011.

<p>Baseline information of a cohort children (n = 515) in urban low income neighborhood of Dhaka, Bangladesh during April 2009–March 2011.</p

Monthly distribution of respiratory virus pathogens associated pneumonia in a cohort children in a low income urban neighborhood, Dhaka, Bangladesh (April 2009–March 2011).

<p>Monthly distribution of respiratory virus pathogens associated pneumonia in a cohort children in a low income urban neighborhood, Dhaka, Bangladesh (April 2009–March 2011).</p

Incidence of ARI and pneumonia per 100 child-years associated with different respiratory viral pathogens in a cohort of children aged <2 years in a low income urban neighborhood, Dhaka, Bangladesh (April 2009–March 2011).

<p>Incidence of ARI and pneumonia per 100 child-years associated with different respiratory viral pathogens in a cohort of children aged <2 years in a low income urban neighborhood, Dhaka, Bangladesh (April 2009–March 2011).</p

Frequency of respiratory viral pathogens in episodes of respiratory symptoms (N = 1,322) in a low income urban neighborhood, Dhaka, Bangladesh (April 2009–March 2010).

<p>Frequency of respiratory viral pathogens in episodes of respiratory symptoms (N = 1,322) in a low income urban neighborhood, Dhaka, Bangladesh (April 2009–March 2010).</p