A Systematic Approach to Coupling Energy with Carbon Integration to Reduce Carbon Footprint from Industrial Parks

The depletion of natural resources and the increase in greenhouse gases emissions, which constitute mainly from carbon dioxide, has led many policymakers to issue policies to reduce carbon emissions and fuel consumption. However, reducing the energy consumption is constrained by meeting the increase in goods demands governed by the growth in global population. This problem can be tackled by improving process efficiencies which leads to a decrease in fuel consumption and hence the emissions. Moreover, end-of-pipe treatment approaches reduce carbon emissions by capturing carbon dioxide and store it or utilize it. While the first method is achieved via heat integration, the second method is achieved through carbon integration. In the first method, heat is exchanged between processes to minimize fuel consumption whereas the additional low grade heat is removed using cooling utilities. Moreover, carbon integration requires heat and power to capture and ship carbon dioxide from sources to sinks. This introduces a potential for synergy, where excess heat is used in the capture unit. This work explores this potential via two approaches: sequential and simultaneous. In the first approach, the energy and carbon integration are applied separately to minimize fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. Afterwards, the excess waste heat is utilized to partially or fully offset the carbon integration heat and power demand, resulting in additional savings and further carbon reduction. This approach was demonstrated through a case study, where substantial savings were realized. In the second approach, the energy and the carbon problems were implemented simultaneously through an MINLP model. The same case study was used in order to demonstrate the further benefits that can be obtained from solving the problems simultaneously

The Impact of Accreditation Standards in Developing Library and Information Science Master’s Degree Program in Jordan: A Comparative Study with American Library Association (ALA) Standards

Standards and their application are a tool to reach the required level of academic performance to ensure providing the society and labor market with a distinct level of graduates. Library science, as an academic field, is in dire need for such standards to raise the level of the scientific field and of functionality and library services. This is the ultimate goal of the field. This study evaluated Jordanian standards for Master Degree in Library Science through a comparison with the ALA standards. The study concluded that Jordanian standards are general for all postgraduate studies in all scientific fields, so there are no specific standards for the master’s program in library science. The Jordanian standards are issued by a commission which is not linked with the profession and this makes the standards lack too many necessary requirements for the scientific knowledge of libraries as a field of study and as a profession. Keywords: Standards; Master’s Degree; ALA standards; postgraduate studies; Jordan

Settlement Improvement of Weak Soil of Natural Moisture Content by Using Geogrid Reinforcement Under Different Dynamic Load

مقدمة: تهدف الدراسة الى تحديد تأثير ال (Geogrid reinforcement sheet) على تحسين الخواص الهندسية للتربة الضعيفة والتي تحتوي على محتوى مائي قدره 16% اثناء تعرضها الى احمال ديناميكية بأوزان مختلفة (4,5 و 7,5 و 10) كيلوغرام وبعدد ضربات (5 و 10) لكل حمل ديناميكي وبأماكن مختلفة على سطح التربة الموجودة في الموديل لايجاد قدرة تحمل التربة (bearing capacity) ومقدار التأثير على تقليل تجلس بالتربة عند تعرضها الى الاحمال المتحركة والاهتزازات الطبيعية او الحياتية. بينت نتائج الدراسة بالنسبة للفقرة (أ) ان النسبة المئوية للفرق بين النسبة المئوية للتجلس بدون استخدام (Geogrid sheet) والنسبة المئوية عند استخدام (Geogrid sheet) بالنسبة للتربة ذات الرطوبة الطبيعية (16%) للاوزان 4,5 و 7,5 و 10 كيلوغرام بتسليط عدد ضربات 5 و 10 . عند تحميل وزن ديناميكي (4,5) كان فرق النسبة المئوية (1,2 و 1,8) وفي وزن (7,5) كيلوغرام هي (2,1% و 2.7%) وفي وزن (10) كيلوغرام يكون (1,7% و 2,7%).    وتكون النتائج عن الفرق بين معدل النسبة المئوية لتجلس التربة بدون استخدام (Geogrid sheet) والنسبة المئوية عند استخدام (Geogrid sheet) للتربة النصف مشبعة هي (5,6% و 14,4% و (5,9% و 5,4%) و (4,1% و 6,7%) لنفس الاوزان وعدد الضربات على التوالي. اما بالنسبة للترب المشبعة تكون النتائج كالآتي: (12,8% و 22,9%) و (9,9% و 15,7%) و (16,6% و 5,7%) لنفس الاوزان وعدد الضربات على التوالي.One of new method to improve the bearing capacity of weak soil is  by using  geosynthetic reinforcement materials that has become more common in past 40 years for a number of applications to reduce the cost of maintences by increasing design life. This study concerned with the behavior of weak soil and the amount of settlement that happened when the soil exposed to different weight load with different number of blows . Field and laboratory tests done to calculate soil settlement. For experimental tests a model with dimension (150×75×75cm) has been manufactured, clayey silty sand soil in model exposed to different dynamic weight by using load with ( 4.5kg), load with (7.5kg) and load with (10kg). Each load strick the soil with 9 5 and 10) blows during an experiment for each dynamic load. 12 Laboretory experiments were conductedon 38 test points, 6 experiments done on soil without geogrid and 6 experiments done on soil with geogrid that included 19 test point for each case. The experiments tests show that by increasing the weight load and increasing in number of blows settlement increase in both cases ( without and with geogrid). The experiments show that by using geogrid the settlement decrease comparison with the amount of soil settlement without geogrid. By using geogrid and exposed to weight loads ( 4.5, 7.5 and 10kg.) with No. of blows = 5 the average percent in settlement decrease 1.2, 2.1,1.7%) and with No. of blows =10 for the same loads the average percent of settlement decrease (1.8, 2.7, 2.7%). &nbsp

Clusters of Adolescent and Young Adult Thyroid Cancer in Florida Counties

Background. Thyroid cancer is a common cancer in adolescents and young adults ranking 4th in frequency. Thyroid cancer has captured the interest of epidemiologists because of its strong association to environmental factors. The goal of this study is to identify thyroid cancer clusters in Florida for the period 2000-2008. This will guide further discovery of potential risk factors within areas of the cluster compared to areas not in cluster. Methods. Thyroid cancer cases for ages 15-39 were obtained from the Florida Cancer Data System. Next, using the purely spatial Poisson analysis function in SaTScan, the geographic distribution of thyroid cancer cases by county was assessed for clusters. The reference population was obtained from the Census Bureau 2010, which enabled controlling for population age, sex, and race. Results. Two statistically significant clusters of thyroid cancer clusters were found in Florida: one in southern Florida (SF) (relative risk of 1.26; P value of <0.001) and the other in northwestern Florida (NWF) (relative risk of 1.71; P value of 0.012). These clusters persisted after controlling for demographics including sex, age, race. Conclusion. In summary, we found evidence of thyroid cancer clustering in South Florida and North West Florida for adolescents and young adult

Different Concentrations of Honey's Antimicrobial Activity Against ‎Staphylococcus Aureus by HPLC Determination

Honey has been used in ancient times as a treatment. It is used for healing wounds and also can be used as antiseptic to kill bacteria and other microorganisms. The aim of this study was to examine the activity of honey as a bactericidal and bacteriostatic and to measure the most active compounds of honey with highly bacterial inhibition zone using HPLC technique. In this experiment and the honey was used to check whether the honey can be used as an antimicrobial agent or not. First by well diffusion method is done by adding different concentrations of honey (25, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, microliter). Th results showed a little inhibition zone for the three types of honey but in different size for each type. The industrial honey showed the largest effect. Different concentrations were used (10 %, 30 % 50%). The antibiotic sensitivity was applied, the result showed only two resistant antibiotics (Azithromycin and Erythromycin). The concentration of Catalase, Amylase, Invertase, Glucose oxidase in honey tested by HPLC and showed the concentration of each substance cons of catalase = (32877 ÷ 170253 ) x 20 = 3.862 u/ml; cons of amylase = (136985 ÷ 180849) x 20 = 15.149 u/ml; cons of Invertase = (58466  ÷ 193624) x 20 = 6.039 u/ml; cons of glucose peroxide = (105204 ÷ 163245) x 20 =12.889 u/ml. Moreover, the presence of gluconic acid ‘Organic acid’ gives the honey its acidic characteristic which is about 3.2 pH