Investigation of soil salinity to distinguish boundary line between saline and agricultural lands in Bonab Plain, southeast Urmia Lake, Iran

Gradual drying of Urmia Lake has left vast saline areas all around it, increasing the risk of salinization of agricultural lands next to the Lake. The current research was aimed to predict soil salinity and distinguish the boundary line between saline and agricultural lands by taking in to account the spatial variability of soil salinity in Bonab Plain, Iran. To do so, soil samples were taken from depth 0-25 cm in 78 points with spatial intervals of 500 m and were analyzed for their electrical  conductivity in saturated paste extractions. Data analysis showed that soil salinity mean wasn’t stationary and was varying among dataset. Therefore to build up a  variogram, the spatial components of the mean trend were computed and subtracted from laboratory measured ECe values, which resulted in residuals. The  semivariogram function was then calculated and modelled based on the residuals. Cross-validation results showed that kriging method along with modified  semi-variogram, resulted in better predictions of soil salinity with ME and MSE equal to 0.12 and 0.3. Setting 4 dSm-1 as the limit between saline and non-saline soils in kriging algorithms resulted in a sharp boundary line between saline and non-saline lands in the study area. The presence of highly saline soils next to the agricultural lands in the area can increase the risk of secondary salinization of the Bonab Plain which is one of the important agricultural production centers in the area. Therefore, careful monitoring of lands near salinity boundary in the area should be of high priority.Key Words: Bonab Plain, Kriging, variogram, soil salinity, spatial prediction, Urmia Lake

A Study on the Relation between Different Dimensions of Emotional Intelligence and Employees’ Creativity

This paper is aimed at explaining the relation of emotional intelligence and its dimensions such as problem-solving, happiness, independence, stress tolerance, self-actualization, self- awareness, realism, interpersonal relations, optimism, self- esteem, impulse control, flexibility, accountability, empathy, and self- presentation with employee creativity in Iran Khodro Company in 2013. The statistical population comprises 260 employees of this company. By using Jersey and Morgan table and simple random sampling method, 152 persons were selected as sample. Data were gathered by using questionnaires. Reliabilities of Bar-On Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire and Randsip Creativity Questionnaire were respectively estimated as 0.89 and 0.92 by Cronbach's alpha method. Also, content validity was used to test the questionnaires validity and so it was approved by the related experts. Data obtained from the questionnaires was analyzed through SPSS software in two descriptive (frequency, frequency percentage, mean, standard deviation) and inferential (Pearson correlation coefficient, Friedman ranking test, and Shapiro- Wilk test) sections. The results revealed that there is a significant relation between emotional intelligence dimensions and employee creativity. Also, the dimensions of emotional intelligence in Iran Khordo Co. were ranked by Friedman ranking test and independence had the highest rank

UW-MARL: Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Underwater Adaptive Sampling using Autonomous Vehicles

Near-real-time water-quality monitoring in uncertain environments such as rivers, lakes, and water reservoirs of different variables is critical to protect the aquatic life and to prevent further propagation of the potential pollution in the water. In order to measure the physical values in a region of interest, adaptive sampling is helpful as an energy- and time-efficient technique since an exhaustive search of an area is not feasible with a single vehicle. We propose an adaptive sampling algorithm using multiple autonomous vehicles, which are well-trained, as agents, in a Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) framework to make efficient sequence of decisions on the adaptive sampling procedure. The proposed solution is evaluated using experimental data, which is fed into a simulation framework. Experiments were conducted in the Raritan River, Somerset and in Carnegie Lake, Princeton, NJ during July 2019

Modified Ebulliometer for Measurement of Infinite Dilution Activity Coefficients

An existing design of an ebulliometer was modified by the addition of a vane-type magnetic pump to improve the performance of the ebull iometer at low pressures. The modified apparatus was used to determine the activity coefficients at infinite dilution of seven binary systems at three operating pressures each by the technique known as differential ebulliometry. The experimental results can be used to determine predictive model parameters which are of significant interest because of their ease of use and general applicability in phase equilibrium calculations.Chemical Engineerin

Policing Affairs in Different Cultures

Although analysis of cultural challenges and presentation of appropriate strategies for coping therewith is necessary and needed, but also is difficult to the same extent and access thereto is hard. Analysis of different cultures and its relationship with police affairs and presentation of appropriate solution for coping with cultural changes is main objective of this study. Nowadays, the greatest threat against countries seems to be cultural threat and within this period, essential questions are: why the topic of police affairs and its relationship with culture is important and why culture must be taken into consideration with sensitivity? and finally what is the philosophy of propounding such topics in conferences?  This study was experimental based on analytical-descriptive method. Content analysis was used that is in fact a method therein studied content is described precisely and perceived deeply. The text or writing characteristics may be identified realistically and inferred using this method. In this paper, police affairs and its relationship with culture and grounds for cultural changes as well as relationship between cultural change and police affairs is studied and analyzed. Finally, vulnerability of different police cultures is analyzed

Princípio de supervisão do processo penal

The principle of supervision is one of the fundamental and indisputable principles in the field of law. It is the right of the authorities to supervise the exercise of the powers of all institutions of governance, including the criminal justice institution, in the interests of guaranteeing the rights and freedoms of citizens and the public interest. Follow-up and criminal investigations in the criminal proceedings require essential judicial measures, such as summoning, prosecuting, arresting and obtaining supplies from the defendant that all of them are the point of intersection of the rights and freedoms of the accused with the public interest of the community and the rights of the perpetrators, and in clear contradictions with the principle of innocence, the rights and freedoms of the accused are limited or denied before the crime is proved. Hence, the supervision of the criminal procedure process has a fair trial of its importance and place.In order to protect the rights of the accused while protecting the rights of the victim and the community, the legislature has taken special measures to control and monitor the implementation of fair trial procedures in the criminal justice process. In this research, it is attempted to study the basics and position of the principle of supervision in Iran's criminal justice system, as well as the work of the supervision principle in the criminal procedure process. El principio de supervisión es uno de los principios fundamentales e indiscutibles en el campo del derecho. Es el derecho de las autoridades supervisar el ejercicio de los poderes de todas las instituciones de gobierno, incluida la institución de justicia penal, en aras de garantizar los derechos y las libertades de los ciudadanos y el interés público. El seguimiento y las investigaciones penales en el proceso penal requieren medidas judiciales esenciales, como la citación, el enjuiciamiento, el arresto y la obtención de suministros del acusado, todos ellos son el punto de intersección de los derechos y libertades del acusado con el interés público de la comunidad y los derechos de los perpetradores, y en claras contradicciones con el principio de inocencia, los derechos y libertades del acusado son limitados o negados antes de que se pruebe el crimen. Por lo tanto, la supervisión del proceso procesal penal tiene un juicio justo de su importancia y lugar. Con el fin de proteger los derechos del acusado mientras se protegen los derechos de la víctima y la comunidad, la legislatura ha tomado medidas especiales para controlar y monitorear la implementación de procedimientos de juicios justos en el proceso de justicia penal. En esta investigación, se intenta estudiar los conceptos básicos y la posición del principio de supervisión en el sistema de justicia penal de Irán, así como el trabajo del principio de supervisión en el proceso de procedimiento penal.O principio de supervisión es uno de principios fundamentales e indiscutibles en el campo del derecho. O governo das autoridades supervisiona o exercício das funções de todas as instituições de governo, incluindo a instituição de justiça penal, e garante as decisões e as liberdades dos cidadãos e dos interes. O seguimento e as investigações penais no processo penal exigem as decisões judiciais, como a eleição, o processo de eleição, a obtenção e a verificação de todos os direitos processados, todos os direitos do filho de intersecção dos dergos e liberdades do acusado com o público de la communidad y los derechos de los perpetradores, y en claros contradictions con el principio de inocencia, los derechos y libertades del accesored son os negues before that that pruebe the crimen. Por este lado, a supervisão do processo penal processual tem um justo consumo de importância e lugar. A fim de proteger os derechos do direito penal, a protecção da clientela e da comunicação sobre a execução de medidas especiais para o controlo e acompanhamento da implementação de procedimentos de supressão de direitos no processo de justiça penal. En esta investigação, se estudou os conceitos básicos e a posição do governo de supervisão no sistema de justiça penal de Irã, como o trabalho do governo de supervisão no processo de julgamento penal