Phishing Detection and Prevention: A New Approach

Phishing is that the act of making an attempt to accumulate data admire usernames, passwords, and master card details (and generally, indirectly, money) by masquerading as a trustworthy entity in associate degree transmission. Communications purporting to be from widespread social websites, auction sites, banks, on-line payment processors or IT directors square measure unremarkably would not to lure unsuspecting public. Phishing emails might contain links to websites that square measure infected with malware. Phishing is usually allotted by email spoofing or instant electronic communication, and it usually directs users to enter details at a pretend web site whose look and feel square measure virtually similar to the legitimate one. During this paper, we tend to propose a replacement end-host based mostly anti-phishing algorithmic program that we tend to decision LinkGuard, by utilizing the generic characteristics of the hyperlinks in phishing attacks. These characteristics square measure derived by analyzing the phishing information archive provided by the Anti-Phishing Working Group (APWG). Because it is supported the generic characteristics of phishing attacks, LinkGuard will find not solely familiar, however, additionally unknown phishing attacks. We have got enforced LinkGuard in Windows XP. Our experiments verified that LinkGuard is effective to find and forestall each familiar and unknown phishing attacks with borderline false negatives

The Molecular Biology of Brain Metastasis

Metastasis to the central nervous system (CNS) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic cancers. Various crucial interactions between the brain environment and tumor cells take place during the development of the cancer at its new location. The rapid expansion in molecular biology and genetics has advanced our knowledge of the underlying mechanisms involved, from invasion to final colonization of new organ tissues. Understanding the various events occurring at each stage should enable targeted drug delivery and individualized treatments for patients, with better outcomes and fewer side effects. This paper summarizes the principal molecular and genetic mechanisms that underlie the development of brain metastasis (BrM)

The Impact of Follow-Up Telephone Calls on Nonadherence and Treatment Satisfaction in Hypertensive Patients

INTRODUCTION: Adherence can be defined as the extent to which patients follow the instructions they are given for prescribed treatments. The term, adherence, is intended to be non-judgmental, a statement of fact rather than of blame of the patient, prescriber, or treatment. Adherence is not the same as “concordance”, which includes a consensual agreement about treatment taking established between patient and practitioner. Many reasons exist for non-adherence to medical regimens, including (but not restricted to) problems with the regimen (such as adverse effects), poor instructions, poor provider-patient relationship, poor memory, and patients’ disagreement with the need for treatment or inability to pay for it. Assessing the evidence concerning reasons for low adherence is beyond the scope of this review; the interested reader is referred to other sources.1Low adherence with prescribed treatments is very common. Typical adherence rates for prescribed medications are about 50%with a range from 0% to over 100%.2 To the extent that treatment response is related to the dose and schedule of a therapy; non-adherence reduces treatment benefits and can bias assessment of the efficacy of treatments. With increasing numbers of efficacious self-administered treatments, the need is apparent for better understanding and management of nonadherence. In previous reviews, we examined the accuracy of clinical measures of non-adherence, interventions to improve attendance at appointments for needed medical services, and interventions to enhance medication adherence. We found inconsistent evidence of effects on adherence, and even more limited evidence of effects on patient outcomes. The current version of review updates 2005 version (which included 57 trials) with 21 new studies.3-5Ethical standards for adherence research dictate that attempts to increase adherence must be judged by their clinical benefits, not simply their effects on adherence rates. Accordingly, we included only studies in which both adherence and treatment effects were measured. AIM OF THE STUDY: To study the Impact of follow-up telephone calls made by pharmacists to the hypertensive patients on Nonadherence and Treatment Satisfaction. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: 1. To study the demographic details of hypertensive patients 2. To analyze the adherence rates of the hypertensive patients. 3. To assess the treatment satisfaction of hypertensive patients. 4. To improve the treatment satisfaction and medication adherence in the selected non adherent patients by providing telephonic counselling. DISCUSSION: The aim of the study is to assess and improve the medication adherence and treatment satisfaction of hypertensive patients by follow-up counselling. A total of 250 hypertensive patients were included in this study. The patients’ details were collected using specially designed patient data collection form. In this study, hypertension reporting an age group between 45-64 years is higher (45-64%). This may be the fact that age probably represents accumulation of environmental influences and the effect of genetically programmed senescence in the body systems. Majority of the study population from village for (52.8%) and majority of the patient had primary level of education (57.4%), so there is a positive deviation between education and hypertension. Employed patients (46.7%) significantly associated with hypertension in this reported by Rowaet al.93Stress can cause hypertension through repeated blood pressure elevations as well as stimulation of nervous system. In the study population 96.4% people were married, 55.2% of the people had low income less than 1000 per month. In our study, majority (54.8 %) of patients were non-adherent, in that males (59.2%) were found to be low adherent. Study like Raniah et al,94 proved that adherence was found to be positively correlated with age and duration of illness. In this study younger age between 45-64 years were found to be low adherent. The patients who came from village were found low adherent. Illiteracy was most prominent among the low adherent patients. Patients who had high level of education were adherent47.2% patients were having hypertension past 5 years or more were found to be low adherent. Also the patients having low adherence due to their presence of co-morbid disease. It is due to their Living in a village compared to city was a reason for poor adherence this may be also related to lower levels of education, low income and also in addition to reaching doctor.93 Married patients were found adherent when compared to single. CONCLUSION: In the current study we found a significant increase in-patient compliance with the recommendations of the physicians after the intervention of the telephone follow-up. In the counselingcalls the pharmacists assess and address possible barriers including lack of knowledge, concerns about medication and low necessity beliefs. Our hypothesis is that this type of counseling will improve knowledge, reduce concerns about medication and improve necessity beliefs. This may ultimately improve medication adherence. Although this effect of the intervention on adherence is important, it is as important to assess the impact on the pathway that ultimately leads to adherent behavior. This is because it is this pathway where the pharmacist addresses the needs of each individual patient and where the actual intervention takes place. The results of this study suggest that counselling through telephone calls provided by pharmacists improves the medication adherence and treatment satisfaction. Pharmacists should find strategies to direct this intervention to patients who are most likely to benefit. Attention should be paid how to reach more patients although the intervention is relatively easy to implement. Patients need information about their medicines for safe and effective use. This includes practical instructions on usage but also information about possible side effects, the expected pharmacological action and what happens if a patient does not take the medication. Physicians and pharmacists play an important role in providing counselling about benefits, risks and correct use of medication. Studies show that information needs of patients are not always met because part of the information is forgotten or remembered incorrectly after consultation. Considering barriers that hamper implementation of counselling by pharmacies, a counselling by telephone may improve safe and effective use of medications

Integrating Livestock and Crop Systems for Enhanced Productivity and Grassland Conservation in Developing Countries

Many conventional farming approaches in developing nations segregate livestock and crop production, ignoring the synergistic advantages and sustainable land management possibilities that may be gained by combining the two. In order to increase agricultural output and foster grassland conservation, this chapter investigates the idea of merging livestock and crop systems. By highlighting the advantages and challenges of the approach, this chapter draws attention to the potential benefits of integration, including enhanced soil fertility, efficient resource use, increased productivity, and better protection of grassland ecosystems. The importance and viability of a variety of integrated agricultural methods, including agro-pastoral, mixed, and silvopastoral systems, in a variety of geographical settings, are explored. The purpose of this chapter is to educate policymakers, academics, and practitioners on the need of integrating livestock and crop production for achieving long-term agricultural sustainability in low-income nations

Influence of Moisture Content of Mulberry Leaf on Growth and Silk Production in Bombyx mori L.

The influence of moisture content of mulberry leaf on the growth, development and moisture build up in the body of silkworm was studied by feeding with different maturity leaves to late age of silkworm larvae. Significantly higher larval moisture (79.78%), larval weight (65.65 g), pupal moisture (73.81%) was recorded in top tender leaf (high moisture) fed batches and least was recorded in the coarse leaf (lower moisture) fed batches. Significantly positive correlation between moisture content of leaf and larva to different variables like growth rate, larval weight, single cocoon weight, single shell weight and average filament length were recorded

Growth Rate Pattern and Economic Traits of Silkworm, Bombyx Mori L Under the Influence of Folic Acid Administration

Influence of oral administration of folic acid to 5th instar silkworm larvae of a popular Indian bivoltine hybrid (CSR2 x CSR4) was studied. Folic acid solution spraying on mulberry leaf and feeding to silkworm significantly improved larval weight, silk gland weight and growth rate. Higher larval and silk gland weight subsequently improved the economic parameters like cocoon weight, shell weight and shell ratio of folic acid treated batches

Effect of VAM fungi and bacterial biofertilizers on mulberry leaf quality and silkworm cocoon characters under semiarid conditions

The influence of VAM fungi and bacterial biofertilizer (BBF) with 50% reduction in the recommended dose of (N and P) chemical fertilizers on leaf quality traits of mulberry variety (S-13) and its impact on silkworm (PM ? NB4D2) growth and cocoon characters were studied under semi-arid conditions. Four different treatments were imposed i.e., T1: Control (only 100% NPK); T2: VAM (50% cut in P); T3: BBF (50% cut in N) and T4: BBF and VAM (50% cut in N and P). The results revealed that reduction (50%) in the dose of chemical fertilizers in T2, T3 and T4 did not affected the leaf quality traits or cocoon parameters, this may be due to the effect of microbial inoculants in these treatments, which had efficiently regulated the normal growth, metabolism and physiological activity in plants. Among the three-biofertilizer treatments, leaf quality, silkworm growth and cocoon parameters were found improved in T4 and was on par with T1 control. The dual inoculation (T4) proved economical and beneficial with regard to saving of 50 % cost of chemical fertilizers and improvement in soil fertility, leaf quality and cocoon parameters, thus this technology can be recommended to sericulture

Association of Climatic Factors on Population Dynamics of Leaf Roller, Diaphania pulverulentalis

The production of quality mulberry leaf and subsequent production of quality silk is hampered due to the incidence of various insect pests. The present study analyses the population dynamics of Diaphania pulverulentalis (leaf roller), a serious pest of mulberry in a sericulture seed farm. The results indicated that maximum population buildup of the pest was recorded during rainy season. High humidity coinciding with low temperature because of southwest and northeast monsoon was conducive for breeding and multiplication of the pest. Correlation studies revealed that there was a significant negative correlation between increase in temperature and pest infestation. All other weather factors recorded from the study location have a positive correlation with incidence of the pest. The regression model developed also supported the relationship between the pest population buildup and weather factors

The Zurich Checklist for Safety in the Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Suite: Technical Note

BACKGROUNDRecently, the use of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (ioMRI) has evolved in neurosurgery. Challenges related to ioMRI-augmented procedures are significant, since the magnetic field creates a potentially hazardous environment. Strict safety guidelines in the operating room (OR) are necessary. Checklists can minimize errors while increasing efficiency and improving workflow.OBJECTIVETo describe the Zurich checklists for safety in the ioMRI environment.METHODSWe summarize the checklist protocol and the experience gained from over 300 surgical procedures performed over a 4-yr period using this new system for transcranial or transsphenoidal surgery in a 2-room high-field 3 Tesla ioMRI suite.RESULTSParticularities of the 2-room setting used at our institution can be summarized as (1) patient transfer from a sterile to a nonsterile environment and (2) patient transfer from a zone without to a zone with a high-strength magnetic field. Steps on the checklist have been introduced for reasons of efficient workflow, safety pertaining to the strength of the magnetic field, or sterility concerns. Each step in the checklist corresponds to a specific phase and particular actions taken during the workflow in the ioMRI suite. Most steps are relevant to any 2-room ioMRI-OR suite.CONCLUSIONThe use of an ioMRI-checklist promotes a zero-tolerance attitude for errors, can lower complications, and can help create an environment that is both efficient and safe for the patient and the OR personnel. We highly recommend the use of a surgical checklist when applying ioMRI