Struktur Pasar Dan Pola Distribusi Beras Sebagai Komoditas Penyumbang Inflasi Utama Di Kabupaten Banyumas

Studi kasus ini berfokus pada kmoditas beras yang dipasarkan di wilayah kabuapten Banyumas. Nasalah yang diangkat dalam artikel hasil penelitian ini terkait dengan tren harga komoditas di Banyumas yang tidak stabil dibandingkan dengan wilayah lain di Priopinsi Jawa Tengah. Di samping itu, pada pergerakan struktur inflasi, inflasi bersumber dari bahan makanan memiliki peran utama dibandingkan dengan sektor dan komoditas beras merupakan komoditas yang dihitung sebagai penyumbang inflasi paling utama di sektor bersumber dari bahan makanan tersebut. Penelitian ini menghasilkan temuan bahwa struktur pasar beras di wilayah Purwokerto berada pada struktur pasar dengan tipe oligopoli ketat di level pedagang besar dan cenderung menjadi oligopoli longgar pada pedagang yang lebih kecil. Terkait dengan pola distribusinya, teridentifikasi beras terdistribusi dari petani dan pedagang gabah sampai menjadi beras yang diterima konsumen akhir melewati jalur penggilingan beras, pedagang besar dan pedagang pengecer. Hasil pengujian pada determinan yang paling menentukan formasi pergerakan harga beras menunjukkan bahwa hubungan transaksi dari level petani sampai pedagang besar memberikan dampak dominan pada harga beras akhir, jika dibandingkan pada hubungan transaksi antara pedagang besar dengan level pengecer, maupun antara pedagang pengecer dengan konsumen akhir

Analisis Pengendalian Piutang Usaha terhadap Penerimaan Kas pada PT. Asmat Jaya Pratama

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas pengendalian piutang USAha terhadap penerimaan kas pada PT. Asmat Jaya Pratama. Rumusan masalah penelitian adalah bagaimana pengendalian piutang USAha terhadap penerimaan kas pada PT.Asmat Jaya Pratama. Populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah data piutang dan penerimaan kas pada PT.Asmat Jaya Pratama periode 2010–2012. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengendalian piutang terhadap penerimaan kas pada PT. Asmat Jaya Pratama sudah berjalan efektif dimana manajemen Perusahaan sudah menerapkan konsep dasar dan prinsip-prinsip pengendalian intern. Hal tersebut terbukti dengan terus meningkatnya pendapatan dan penerimaan kas atas piutang pada PT.Asmat Jaya Pratama dari tahun ketahun

Aplikasi Pemesanan Tiket Bus Berbasis Web (Studi Kasus pada PO. Harapan Jaya)

Konsumen sulit mendapatkan informasi reservasi tiket bus di PO.Harapan Jaya serta kurang efesien nya dalam waktu dan biaya karena konsumen harus datang langsung ke PO.harapan jaya. Web adalah salah satu layanan yang didapat oleh pemakai komputer yang terhubung ke internet. web ini menyediakan informasi bagi pemakai komputer yang terhubung ke internet website atau situs dapat diartikan sebagai kumpulan halaman-halaman yang digunakan untuk menampilkan informasi teks, gambar diam atau gerak, animasi, suara, dan atau gabungan dari semuanya itu baik yang bersifat statis maupun dinamis yang membentuk satu rangkaian bangunan yang saling terkait dimana masing-masing dihubungkan dengan jaringan internet.Manfaat menggunakan internet dapat mempromosikan keberadaan nama instansi/Perusahaan kepada masyarakat dunia umumnya serta masyarakat Indonesia khususnya yang mengakses internet.Untuk meningkatkan kualitas pemesanan yang tadinya manual menjadi lebih efektif dalam pencarian informasi untuk melakukan reservasi tiket di po.harapan jaya, aplikasi ini dibuat dengan tujuan mempermudah konsumen dalam menghemat waktu maupun biaya

Eaodv: A*-based Enhancement Ad-hoc on Demand Vector Protocol to Prevent Black Hole Attacks

Black hole attack is an attack where a node that responds to RREQ from the source node by replying a fake freshness information and false hop count. The black hole nodes do not respond to distributed co-operation in routing protocol to absorb all the packets, as a result, the network performance will drop. Most previous works are focused on anomaly detection through dynamic trusted of the neighbouring nodes. We find out that the internal comparisons take a long time. This loss can be shortened by changing the routing mechanism. We propose an enhancement of AODV protocol, named EAODV, that is able to prevent black hole attacks. The EAODV can find a shortest path of routing discovery using A* heuristic search algorithm. Values of hop count and estimate time to reach the destination node are used as input in the heuristic equation and one-way hash function is used to make a secure value and then to casting it to all neighbouring nodes. Experiments were conducted in NS2 to simulate EAODV in different running time with and without black hole nodes. The EAODV performance results are indicated better in terms Packet loss and Average End-to-End delay

Ipb Biodiversity Informatics (Ipbiotics) Untuk Pembangunan Berkelanjutan

Indonesia is the country with the second highest biodiversity in the world. It is not only the diversity of biodiversity, but also diversity of indigenous knowledge such as functional foods and other traditional ingredients. IPB as one of the leading university in Indonesia has important role in the management of natural resources of biodiversity. Currently, management of biodiversity resource require an integrated and holistic system using computer science and technology which develop rapidly at this time. This study developed a system of biodiversity informatics IPB (IPBiotics) for biodiversity information management of Indonesia's natural resources in order to improve the knowledge management (knowledge management), exploration, analysis, synthesis and interpretation of data ranging from the level of genomic biodiversity, species level to the ecosystem level. Activities undertaken in this research include exploration of organism, biodiversity database development and biodiversity informatics infrastructure using model Resources Descriptions framework RDF with biodiversity data standards. Taxonomic Databases Working Group (TDWG). IPBiotics participatory and integrated. Some of the features of the application that was developed in organism such as IPBiotics system, location mapping and exploration missions. IPBiotics also uses computer vision technology in application development. By IPBiotics we hope that the data information and knowledge of Indonesian natural wealth can be utilized appropriately and optimally, so that the preservation of natural resources can be properly maintained

Impact of primary kidney disease on the effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease: secondary analyses of the EMPA-KIDNEY trial

Background: The EMPA KIDNEY trial showed that empagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease mainly through slowing progression. We aimed to assess how effects of empagliflozin might differ by primary kidney disease across its broad population. Methods: EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA). Patients were eligible if their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher at screening. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily or matching placebo. Effects on kidney disease progression (defined as a sustained ≥40% eGFR decline from randomisation, end-stage kidney disease, a sustained eGFR below 10 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or death from kidney failure) were assessed using prespecified Cox models, and eGFR slope analyses used shared parameter models. Subgroup comparisons were performed by including relevant interaction terms in models. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. Findings: Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5–2·4). Prespecified subgroupings by primary kidney disease included 2057 (31·1%) participants with diabetic kidney disease, 1669 (25·3%) with glomerular disease, 1445 (21·9%) with hypertensive or renovascular disease, and 1438 (21·8%) with other or unknown causes. Kidney disease progression occurred in 384 (11·6%) of 3304 patients in the empagliflozin group and 504 (15·2%) of 3305 patients in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·71 [95% CI 0·62–0·81]), with no evidence that the relative effect size varied significantly by primary kidney disease (pheterogeneity=0·62). The between-group difference in chronic eGFR slopes (ie, from 2 months to final follow-up) was 1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (95% CI 1·16–1·59), representing a 50% (42–58) reduction in the rate of chronic eGFR decline. This relative effect of empagliflozin on chronic eGFR slope was similar in analyses by different primary kidney diseases, including in explorations by type of glomerular disease and diabetes (p values for heterogeneity all >0·1). Interpretation: In a broad range of patients with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression, including a wide range of non-diabetic causes of chronic kidney disease, empagliflozin reduced risk of kidney disease progression. Relative effect sizes were broadly similar irrespective of the cause of primary kidney disease, suggesting that SGLT2 inhibitors should be part of a standard of care to minimise risk of kidney failure in chronic kidney disease. Funding: Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and UK Medical Research Council

Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level.

Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. Objectives: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. Results: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4%) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 [84.7%]) were from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 [62.8%]), followed by strabismus (n = 429 [10.2%]) and proptosis (n = 309 [7.4%]). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 [95% CI, 12.94-24.80], and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 [95% CI, 4.30-7.68]). Conclusions and Relevance: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs

Socializing One Health: an innovative strategy to investigate social and behavioral risks of emerging viral threats

In an effort to strengthen global capacity to prevent, detect, and control infectious diseases in animals and people, the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Emerging Pandemic Threats (EPT) PREDICT project funded development of regional, national, and local One Health capacities for early disease detection, rapid response, disease control, and risk reduction. From the outset, the EPT approach was inclusive of social science research methods designed to understand the contexts and behaviors of communities living and working at human-animal-environment interfaces considered high-risk for virus emergence. Using qualitative and quantitative approaches, PREDICT behavioral research aimed to identify and assess a range of socio-cultural behaviors that could be influential in zoonotic disease emergence, amplification, and transmission. This broad approach to behavioral risk characterization enabled us to identify and characterize human activities that could be linked to the transmission dynamics of new and emerging viruses. This paper provides a discussion of implementation of a social science approach within a zoonotic surveillance framework. We conducted in-depth ethnographic interviews and focus groups to better understand the individual- and community-level knowledge, attitudes, and practices that potentially put participants at risk for zoonotic disease transmission from the animals they live and work with, across 6 interface domains. When we asked highly-exposed individuals (ie. bushmeat hunters, wildlife or guano farmers) about the risk they perceived in their occupational activities, most did not perceive it to be risky, whether because it was normalized by years (or generations) of doing such an activity, or due to lack of information about potential risks. Integrating the social sciences allows investigations of the specific human activities that are hypothesized to drive disease emergence, amplification, and transmission, in order to better substantiate behavioral disease drivers, along with the social dimensions of infection and transmission dynamics. Understanding these dynamics is critical to achieving health security--the protection from threats to health-- which requires investments in both collective and individual health security. Involving behavioral sciences into zoonotic disease surveillance allowed us to push toward fuller community integration and engagement and toward dialogue and implementation of recommendations for disease prevention and improved health security