Exploring the factors affecting the motivation for learning from the perspective of public health students: A qualitative study

Objective. Despite the significant role of motivation in achieving success among public health students, students often do not demonstrate adequate motivation for learning and education. This study was performed to determine factors affecting the motivation for learning from the perspective of public health students via content analysis approach. Methods. This qualitative study was conducted at Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in Sanandaj, Iran in 2017. 15 students were included in the study by using purposive sampling. Data were collected through personal interviews, group discussions, and field notes, and they were analyzed through conventional content analysis. Several parameters were taken into account to support the accuracy and the strength of the data: acceptability, confirmability, and transferability. Results. Five categories were derived from the data analysis, including “University Policy”, “Health Status”, “Teacher’s Role”, “Student-Related Factors” and “University Facilities”. Attention to the health status and its priority in the opinion of people, authorities, and educational system were the most important factors involved in the students’ motivation for learning. Conclusions. To increase motivation for learning, students have diverse needs that should be met. Attention to the components of motivation for learning not only enhances academic achievement but also promotes the formation of health behaviors in the society

Sexualleben verändert sich nach der Geburt des ersten Kindes

Nach einer Geburt kämpfen viele Paare mit sexuellen Schwierigkeiten. Dies wurde in Interviews mit Schweizer Müttern bestätigt. Sie berichteten auch von Anpassungen ihres Sexualverhaltens an die veränderten Umstände und beklagten sich über ein Informationsdefizit durch die Fachpersonen

Prevalence of Microalbuminuria in Children with Asymptomatic Microscopic Hematuria

Introduction: A wide range of chronic and acute diseases begin with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria. Simultaneous presence of microalbuminuria and microscopic hematuria is suggestive of an important kidney disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria in children with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 150 children aged 2-14 years with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria at Nephrology Clinic of Children’s Hospital Medical Center in 2013-2015. All patients had clinical and laboratory tests such as BUN, creatinine, electrolytes, urine albumin/ creatinine ratio, blood pressure, etc. The obtained data were recorded and analyzed with SPSS (ver. 18). All children with anatomical anomalies, hypertension, previous urinary tract surgery, or nephrolithiasis were excluded from the study.Results: The overall prevalence of microalbuminuria was 14.5 % and there was a significant relationship between microalbuminuria and the presence of dysmorphic red blood cells on urine analysis (p-value<0.05). The incidence of RBC cast was 54% (82 patients). Two children had upper-normal levels of blood pressure for age and sex that were followed closely and received special diets and medications. Twenty-nine patients (18.6%) had a positive family history of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria and the father of one of them had IgA nephropathy with ESRD. In children with microalbuminuria that received drugs for 3-28 months (mean, 6.3 months), microalbuminuria decreased significantly.Conclusions: Isolated asymptomatic microscopic hematuria is a benign disease but its association with proteinuria may indicate a serious problem with the risk of progressive renal disease. It is recommended to determine the microalbumin/creatinine ratio in cases with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria. Keywords: Asymptomatic Microscopic Hematuria; Microalbuminuria; Prevalence; Child

Postpartum sexual quality of life in two cultures : a qualitative study

Sexuality is a key aspect of human life and has a fundamental role in quality of life and general well-being. Postpartum quality of life comprises health- and non-health-related factors that need to be considered within the cultural context in which the individual lives. Many couples experience childbirth and the transition into parenthood as a stressful time with consequences for both health and quality of life. Sexual activity has been found to be an important factor for postpartum quality of life, which is often negatively affected after a woman has given birth. In this paper we focus on the sexual quality of life experienced after childbirth in Iran and Switzerland

Exploring the factors affecting the motivation for learning from the perspective of public health students: A qualitative study

Objective. Despite the significant role of motivation in achieving success among public health students, students often do not demonstrate adequate motivation for learning and education. This study was performed to determine factors affecting the motivation for learning from the perspective of public health students via content analysis approach. Methods. This qualitative study was conducted at Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in Sanandaj, Iran in 2017. 15 students were included in the study by using purposive sampling. Data were collected through personal interviews, group discussions, and field notes, and they were analyzed through conventional content analysis. Several parameters were taken into account to support the accuracy and the strength of the data: acceptability, confirmability, and transferability. Results. Five categories were derived from the data analysis, including “University Policy”, “Health Status”, “Teacher’s Role”, “Student-Related Factors” and “University Facilities”. Attention to the health status and its priority in the opinion of people, authorities, and educational system were the most important factors involved in the students’ motivation for learning. Conclusions. To increase motivation for learning, students have diverse needs that should be met. Attention to the components of motivation for learning not only enhances academic achievement but also promotes the formation of health behaviors in the society

The effects of trans-theoretical model and fear of dental care on dental cleaning behavior among students

Background: Fear of dental care prevents dental cleaning behavior and increases the prevalence of dental caries. This study was conducted to determine the effect of Trans-Theoretical Model constructs and fear of dental care on the dental cleaning behavior of students. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Sanandaj City, Iran, in 2017. Using multi-stage sampling, 1,344 male and female students were included in the study. They completed a self-report questionnaire, including demographic information, Trans-Theoretical Model constructs and fear of dental care. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22.0). Results: A total of 1,344 male and female students with a mean age of 15.22±2.64 years participated in the study; from the perspective of students, dental caries (88.4%) was the most frequent illness and tongue inflammation (0.6%) was the least frequent disease. Overall, 32.9% of the students used no tools for cleaning their teeth. Fear of dental care and perceived barriers were reduced significantly during the stages of dental cleaning behavior (p<0.05) and perceived self-efficacy and perceived benefits were significantly increased (p<0.001). The odds of dental cleaning behavior increased with self-efficacy (OR=1.34, 95%CI=1.22-1.48, p<0.05), and decreased with fear of dental care (OR=0.90, 95%CI=0.80-0.98, p<0.01). Conclusion: The findings showed dental cleaning behavior among students was at a low level and various factors such as perceived self-efficacy, benefits and barriers and fear of dental care influenced its performance

Effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Artemisia aucheri on castor oil-induced diarrhea in male rat

زمینه و هدف: اسهال یکی از مشکلات بهداشتی در سراسر جهان و یکی از شایع ترین علل مرگ در کودکان است. در این پژوهش اثر عصاره درمنه کوهی (aucheri Artemisia) بر اسهال ایجاد شده توسط روغن کرچک مطالعه شده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی 30 سر موش صحرایی نر به پنج گروه مساوی شامل گروه های دریافت کننده عصاره با دوزهای 50، 100 و 200 (mg/kg)، دیفنوکسیلات (mg/kg 5) و گروه شاهد یا حلال (سرم فیزیولوژی) تقسیم شدند. یک ساعت پس از خوراندن داروها یا حلال در حجم ml/kg 10، روغن کرچک به مقدار 2 میلی لیتر به هر حیوان از طریق یک کاتتر دهانی- معدی داده شد. سپس دفع حیوان جداگانه در قفس به مدت پنج ساعت مشاهده شد و کیفیت، تعداد دفعات و وزن مدفوع تعیین گردید. داده ها با استفاده از آزمون ANOVA و تست تعقیبی Tukey آنالیز شدند و 05/0P< به عنوان اختلاف معنی دار در نظر گرفته شد. یافته ها: دیفنوکسیلات و دوزهای mg/kg 100 و mg/kg 200 درمنه، درصد کاهش وزن حیوانات، تعداد دفعات دفع و وزن کل مدفوع را کاهش دادند (05/0

Effects of oral Shilajit tablets on sexual function and sexual quality of life among reproductive-aged women : a triple-blind randomized clinical trial

Background: Shilajit is mentioned in the “Kama Sutra” as a potent enhancer of sexual desire. This study aimed to investigate the effects of oral Shilajit tablets on sexual function and sexual quality of life among women of reproductive age. Methods: Forty-eight reproductive-aged women participated in a placebo-controlled triple-blind clinical trial. The intervention group took oral Shilajit tablets (200 mg) twice daily for 60 days and the control group took the placebo. Data collection tools were Sexual Quality of Life-Female and Female Sexual Function Index. Data were collected before the intervention, 30, 60, and 90 days after the start of the study. Results: Forty-three women completed the study. The mean score of total sexual function in the intervention group was significantly higher than before the intervention (P < 0.001). The mean score of sexual function was 28.93 after 90 days in the intervention group while it was 22.09 in the control group. This finding was observed in most domains of the sexual function index. The mean score of sexual quality of life increased after 60 days of intervention in both groups; however, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.094). Conclusion: The study indicated that Shilajit, as a complementary therapy, may improve sexual function and most of its domains; while there was no effect on improving the quality of sexual life

Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer and Pre-Cancerous Lesions by Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Review

The likelihood of timely treatment for cervical cancer increases with timely detection of abnormal cervical cells. Automated methods of detecting abnormal cervical cells were established because manual identification requires skilled pathologists and is time consuming and prone to error. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies for the prediction, screening, and diagnosis of cervical cancer and pre-cancerous lesions