Some Characterizations of The Exponential Family

This paper introduces some characterizations concerning the exponential family. Recurrence relation between two consecutive conditional moments of h(z) given x<z<y  is presented. In addition, an    expression of V[h(Z]x<Z< y)as well as a closed form of E[hr(Z)x<Z< y] in terms of the failure rate and the reversed failure rate is deduced. Finally, the left rth truncated moment of h(Yk) ( where Yk is   the Kth order statistic) is expressed in terms of a polynomial,  h(-) , of degree r. Some results concerning the exponentiated Pareto, exponentiated Weibull, the Modified Weibull, Weibull, generalized exponential, Linear failure rate,1st type Pearsonian distributions, Burr, power and the uniform distributions are obtained as special cases

Contributing Factors to Under-Five Child Malnutrition in Rural Bangladesh

Background and objectives: Bangladesh has the highest malnutrition rates in the world. The main objective of this study is to identify and determine the main factors for child malnutrition among children under the age 5 years in rural Bangladesh. Material and methods: This research was conducted in rural areas at Meherpur district in Bangladesh. Convenience sampling method is used and 85 under 5 child information is collected through a structured questionnaire. The information’s of child’s are gathered from the mothers of the child. Malnourished children is measured by using APLS method and WHO Child Growth Standard Median Index. Binary logistic regression model is used to find out the key factors of malnutrition. Results: It is found that family income, maintain proper diet during pregnancy period, proper diet maintain for children have negative significant (p\u3c0.05) effect on child malnutrition. Conclusion: The magnitude of the child’s malnutrition still is of great concern in Bangladesh. Since, poverty, imbalanced diet during pregnancy period and imbalanced diet for under 5 children influences to malnutrition are significantly associated with high prevalence of malnutrition, so government and people should reduce these factor to reduce malnutrition in rural area of Bangladesh

A study of the Haor areas of Sylhet-Mymensing districts with ERTS imageries (winter crop estimation)

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Does Nation Building Spur Economic Growth?

Nation building, the simultaneous allocation of economic and military aid in con- ict environments, has cost the world trillions of dollars over the last half century. Yet few attempts have been made to quantify the potential growth eects for the recip- ient country from the provision of this aid. Using a forty-ve year panel dataset, we construct a measure of nation building using a three-way interaction term between military assistance, economic aid, and conict regime. We nd that spending on na- tion building has a positive eect on economic growth. Once conict ceases, however, continued military operations coupled with economic aid harms growth.

The Swap Matching Problem Revisited

In this paper, we revisit the much studied problem of Pattern Matching with Swaps (Swap Matching problem, for short). We first present a graph-theoretic model, which opens a new and so far unexplored avenue to solve the problem. Then, using the model, we devise two efficient algorithms to solve the swap matching problem. The resulting algorithms are adaptations of the classic shift-and algorithm. For patterns having length similar to the word-size of the target machine, both the algorithms run in linear time considering a fixed alphabet.Comment: 23 pages, 3 Figures and 17 Table

Occurrence of Urinary Tract Infection in Adolescent and Adult Women of Shanty Town in Dhaka City, Bangladesh

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is commonly experienced by women of various age groups especially elderly ones. We planned to find out the prevalent microbial strains causing UTI in slum inhabitant adolescent and adult women in Dhaka City, Bangladesh.Methods amd Materials: Urine sample was collected from 462 UTI suspected female subjects. Pathogenic bacteria were identified using standard microbiological tests, and antimicrobial sensitivity profiles of the pathogens were determined.Results: Bacteriuria was present in 9% of the subjects. A higher incidence (16.8%) of UTI was noted among adult women aged above 19 years. Escherichia coli (69%), Streptococcus spp. (15%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7%) were more frequently isolated from the urine samples compared to Enterococcus faecalis (3%), Staphylococcus aureus (2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (2%) and Hafnia alvei (2%). The E. coli isolates showed complete resistance to commonly used drugs, and 58% of these isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR). Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values for ciprofloxacin ranged between 64μg/ml and 512μg/ml, and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) values against the isolates were 128μg/ml or above. Isolated strains of E. coli exhibited equal extent of ciprofloxacin resistance irrespective of the presence or absence of plasmid in them.Conclusion: The extent of drug resistance among the uropathogens if ignored may render them uncontrollable. This study suggests regular monitoring of drug resistance phenotype of the UTI pathogens to reduce the morbidity of female UTI patients and offer better treatment strategy in the healthcare sectors of Bangladesh.Keywords: Urinary tract infection (UTI), Multidrug resistance (MDR), Adolescent wome

Influence of Some Agricultural Extension Television Elements on Diffusion of Agricultural Information, Rural Knowledge and New Technologies to Tenants in the Gezira Province

Agricultural extension and rural information services provide rural people with information and rural knowledge which they need in order to increase their production, incomes and consequently improve their standard of living. Therefore, rural information systems must involve rural communities and local needs must also be of prime importance. Field surveys were used to collect data from 120 tenants in the Gezira Province in 2003/2004 growing season selected from a total population of 120000 tenants distributed in eight extension areas in the province by using the simple random sampling technique. The collected data were statistically analyzed using percentage and frequency distributions. The results showed unsuitability of some elements of extension television with tenants conditions and preferences in the Gezira Province. It could be concluded that the inconvenient time of broadcasting of extension television programs and their improper presentation negatively influenced diffusion of agricultural information, rural knowledge and new technologies to tenants in the Gezira Province. Thus, more attention should be given to planning, producing and time of transmitting of extension message through effective use of extension television elements

Isolation and characterization of mesophilic bacteria from rhizosphere of plant rice (Oryza sativa) from Lodhran, Pakistan

The present study demonstrated isolation and characterization of 48 bacterial strains (ABOs01-ABOs48) from rhizosphere of rice plant (Oryza sativa) of Rind Jada (Kahror Pacca), Punjab, Pakistan. Morphological studies including colony color, bacterial shape and gram staining were performed and colonies were observed to be either orange yellow, light yellow, pink, greenish yellow, white, or off-white in appearance. Gram staining showed that out of 48 isolates, 38 were gram positive and 10 were gram negative. Various Biochemical tests were performed to identify these strains; the results were used to identify these strains at the species levels. These strains belongs to the following species Erwinia stewartii (13), Klebsiella terrigena (9), Klebsiella pneumonia susp. Ozaene (8), Serratia plymuthica (6), Yersinia (5), Escherichia blattae (5), 1 Edwardsiella ictaluri (1), and Obesumbacterium proteus (1). Additionally, amylase test showed that 39 strains were positive while 9 were negative. Conversely, all strains were negative for cellulase production. Finally, Antibiotics resistance showed 23 isolates were sensitive vs 25 resistant to ampicillin and 4 isolates were resistant vs 44 sensitive to penicillin. These findings suggested a great microbial diversity in rice plant rhizosphere which demands more investigations for agricultural and industrial purposes

Association of sickle cell disease with anthropometric indices among under-five children: evidence from 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition continues to affect under-five children in Africa to an overwhelming proportion. The situation is further compounded by the burden of sickle cell disease (SCD). However, association of SCD with stunting, wasting, and underweight in a nationally representative sample of under-five children remains unexplored. We aimed to describe prevalence of undernutrition by sickle cell status, to evaluate its association with growth faltering ascertained by anthropometric indices, and to explore mediating role of hemoglobin. METHODS: We availed data from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and the sample comprised 11,233 children aged 6-59 months who were successfully genotyped for SCD. The DHS employed a two-stage, stratified sampling strategy. SickleSCAN rapid diagnostic test was used for SCD genotyping. Z-scores of length/height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-height (WHZ), and weight-for-age (WAZ) were computed against the 2006 World Health Organization Child Growth Standards. We fitted logistic regression models to evaluate association of SCD with stunting, wasting, and underweight. Mediation analysis was performed to capture the indirect effect of and proportion of total effect mediated through hemoglobin level in SCD-anthropometric indices association. RESULTS: Prevalences of stunting, wasting, and underweight among children with SCD were 55.4% (54.5-56.4), 9.1% (8.6-9.7), and 38.9% (38.0-39.8), respectively. The odds of stunting were 2.39 times higher (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.39, 95% CI: 1.26-4.54) among sickle children than those with normal hemoglobin. SCD was also significantly associated with underweight (aOR 2.64, 95% CI: 1.25-5.98), but not with wasting (aOR: 1.60, 95% CI 0.85-3.02). Association of SCD with all three anthropometric indices was significantly mediated through hemoglobin level: for SCD-HAZ, the adjusted indirect effect (aIE) was - 0.328 (95% CI: - 0.387, - 0.270); for SCD-WHZ, the aIE was - 0.080 (95% CI: - 0.114, - 0.050); and for SCD-WAZ, the aIE was - 0.245 (95% CI: - 0.291, - 0.200). CONCLUSION: We presented compelling evidence of the negative impact of SCD on anthropometric indices of nutritional status of under-five children. Integration of a nutrition-oriented approach into a definitive SCD care package and its nationwide implementation could bring promising results by mitigating the nutritional vulnerability of children with SCD

UWB channel characterization in 28 ghz millimeter waveband for 5G cellular networks

The demands of high data rate transmission for future wireless communication technologies are increasing rapidly. The current bands for cellular network will not be able to satisfy these requirements. The millimeter wave (mm-wave) bands are the candidate bands for the future cellular networks. The 28 GHz band is the strongest candidate for 5G cellular networks. The large bandwidth at this band is one of the main parameters that make the mm-wave bands promising candidate for the future cellular networks. To know the wideband channel behavior in mm-wave bands, the wideband channel characterizations are required. In this paper, the 3D WINNER model is used to model the wideband channel at 28 GHz band. Based on this model, the time dispersion parameters at 28 GHz mm-wave band are investigated. The root mean square delay spread and the mean excess delay are the main parameters that can be used to characterize the wideband channel. Morever, the cumulative distribution function (CDF) is used to model the RMS delay spreads. The results show that the RMS delay spread varies between 4.1 ns and 443.7 ns