On the structure of sequentially Cohen--Macaulay bigraded modules

Let $K$ be a field and $S=K[x_1,\ldots,x_m, y_1,\ldots,y_n]$ be the standard bigraded polynomial ring over $K$. In this paper, we explicitly describe the structure of finitely generated bigraded "sequentially Cohen--Macaulay" $S$-modules with respect to $Q=(y_1,\ldots,y_n)$. Next, we give a characterization of sequentially Cohen--Macaulay modules with respect to $Q$ in terms of local cohomology modules. Cohen--Macaulay modules that are sequentially Cohen--Macaulay with respect to $Q$ are considered

The Effectiveness of Quality of Life Therapy on Depression and Anxiety among Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Introduction: Many patients with incurable disease, like multiple sclerosis (MS), experience depression and anxiety, therefore, this study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of quality of life therapy (QOLT) among patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), depression and anxiety.  Methods: The design of the study was semi-experimental with an experimental group and a control group, including three phases; a pre-test, a post-test and a follow-up test. Statistical population consisted of patients suffering from MS referring to health centers in Shiraz, Iran. 24 patients were selected using convenience-sampling method. They were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (each 12 members). The experimental group received QOLT during eight 50minute weekly sessions. The control group received no treatment. All participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory–II and Beck Anxiety Inventory. The data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance method.  Results: Comparison of the means of depression and anxiety scores of two groups in post-test phase showed that quality of life therapies had significant effects on reduction of depression (p<0.001) and anxiety (p<0.001) rates in MS patients. Comparing two groups in a follow-up phase showed that the effect of intervention was stable.  Conclusion: This research showed that quality of life therapy has decreased depression and anxiety rate significantly in MS patients. It seems that using psychological intervention can improve the well-being of MS patients and they can benefit from the positive effects of a quality time program. Therefore, it is recommended that, in addition to prescription of medications, psychological interventions be done for these patients. Declaration of Interest: Non

Hunting Meth Mites by a Cigarette Fire: A Case Study

Background: Meth mites is a false sense annoys methamphetamine abusers forces them to self-harm by picking the skin, scratching it.Case Presentation: We reported the photos showed a regular small round skin injuries on the forearms of a middle-age multi-drug abuser man. He explained about his injuries: "I was hunting annoying ants by cigarette fire, however they were fire-resistant and skipped". He had isolated tactile hallucination without visual part. He explained that every time he abuses methamphetamine (Shisheh in Iran) the ants attack him and bite him. Conclusion: Drug induced formication could be a very dangerous hallucination that forces the patient to self-harm to get rid of it, especially in multidrug abusers

Economic impact of surgery cancellation in a general hospital, Iran

Background: Cancellation of surgical procedures creates a financial burden to health providers and patients. It also causes a potential emotional stress and a negative impact on perception of quality of care. It should be a priority to identify risks of surgery cancellations in view of modification to assure timely and efficient delivery of care.Objective: To identify and estimate costs borne by cancelation of elective surgeries in a general hospital.Methods: Data were collected from a general hospital of social security organization of Iran. In-patient medical records were reviewed for all patients scheduled for elective surgeries in a period of 1 year, starting from 21st of March 2011 to 20th of March 2012. The costing data were collected in 2014. Patients undergoing out-patient surgery and emergency surgical procedures were excluded from the study.Results: During the study period, 14,687 cases were scheduled to undergo inpatient elective surgical procedures. Of those 274 cases were cancelled, among the cancelled cases, 242 were cancelled during the preparation in the surgery ward and 32 cases were cancelled in operation room. The total cost of surgery cancellation was US$92, 049.0. Out of this: US$ 42,668.0 (46.4%) was related to bed expense; 32,363.0$US (35.1$ 16,569 (18.5%) was related to physician visits.Conclusion: The study demonstrated that cost of surgery cancelation was considerably high in the studied general hospital. More than half of the cost (62.1%) of surgery cancelation was due to avoidable reasons. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2016;30(2):92-95]Keywords: Cost of illness; Cost of Cancelation; Direct Cost; Surgery Cancelation Cos

The study of relationship between Maternal Reactions to Children’s Negative Emotions and Children’s Social Skills The role of mediational Emotion Regulation

Introduction: Differences in emotional control and social skills appear to partially reflect differences in longstanding intrapersonal qualities, such as temperament, but parenting characteristics also have emerged as indicators of how children develop emotional and social competence.Methods: The study design was correlational. Sample was 60 children in age preschool (30 boys and 30 girls) and their mothers (60 females) selected using convenience sampling among children were registered for preschool in a private school. Instruments were used in this study include: Coping with Children’s Negative Emotions Scale (CCNES), Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning (BRIEF), Social Skills Rating System (SSRS). Data analyzed using simple regression and structural equation modeling (SEM). Results: Data analysis showed that children’s emotion regulation skills predicted their social skill levels (F=69.98, p=0.0001) and Total maternal emotion socialization predicted children’s emotion regulation (F=98.15, p=0.0001) and children’s social skills (F=39.45, p=0.0001). Other result was children’s emotion regulation skills completely mediated relation between reactions to children’s negative emotions and children’s social skills.Conclusions: This research highlighted the important impact of emotion-related parenting behaviours and beliefs on children’s development of social and emotional competence

The Effectiveness of Psychological Intervention on Multiple Sclerosis Patients’ Subjective Well-Being

Introduction: The present study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of group quality of life therapy (GQOLT) on refractory disease patients’ subjective well-being.Methods: The design of the study was experimental with an experimental and a control group, including a pre-test, post-test and follow-up test. Statistical population consisted of patients suffering from MS referring to health centers in Shiraz from which 24 patients were selected using convenience sampling method. They were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (each 12 members). The experimental groups received GQOLT during eight 90-minute weekly sessions. The control group received no treatment. All participants completed the Subjective Well-being Questionnaire as pre-test, post-test and follow-up test. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance method.Results: All differences regarding to comparing of means of pretest, posttest and follow up phase were at the level of P<0/001 significant. The results of the post-test revealed that group quality of life therapies have positive and significant effects on improving subjective well-being of MS patients. In the follow-up test, these impacts proved to be long-term.Conclusions: This research shows that group quality of life therapy have improved subjective well-being of MS patients remarkably. Therefore, it is recommended that psychological interventions to be done for these patients

EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE AND THE 2014 OUTBREAK: A LITERATURE REVIEW

The Ebola outbreak in West Africa that started in December 2013 has sickened more than 25,000 people and taken more than 10,000 lives, making it the largest Ebola outbreak ever recorded. A review of the chronology of transmission of disease in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone juxtaposed with the containment efforts of the Ministers of Health, The World Health Organization and Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) reveal fissures in the response of the global community contributed to the spread of the disease. Ebola failed to be contained quickly because there was: a lack of an coordinated and robust containment program, an inherent distrust in the government and their ancillary Ebola warnings, widespread fear of Ebola Treatment Centers and subsequent hiding of patients, a highly mobile population, the appearance of the disease in urban centers. While the disease has caused widespread morbidity and mortality and destroyed communities and the health care infrastructure, Ebola has given the global health community the opportunity to rebuild health systems and test experimental therapies that can prevent future epidemics from causing widespread devastation and loss of life

Genetic Variation in Iranian Honey bees, Apis mellifera meda Skorikow, 1829, (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Inferred from PCR-RFLP Analysis of two mtDNA Gene Segments (COI and 16S rDNA)

In this study, the genetic structure of Iranian honey bee (Apis mellifera meda) populations, mainly obtained from all of regions, were investigated at two different mitochondrial regions. A total of 300 worker bees were collected from 20 different populations in 20 different locations. Portions of the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rDNA) and cytochrome C oxidase I (COI) genes were amplified by PCR and then subjected to RFLP pattern analysis using 8 restriction enzymes. Nucleotide polymorphisms were revealed using restriction enzyme Sau3A I, Ssp I and Taq I in COI and Bsp143I, Ssp I and Dra I in the 16S rDNA gene segment. In this study, 3 novel composite genotypes (haplotypes) were found in Iranian honey bee populations. The average haplotype diversity (h) within populations was 0.0405. Heterozygosity values, Shannon index and the number of alleles of Iranian honey bee populations were low that could be caused by low definite geographic structure of Iranian honey bee populations. Genetic distance (D) values were found to be low (0.0–0.0011) within Iranian honey bee populations. Cluster analysis based on UPGMA method revealed that all populations and samples groups be in one cluster. Also, the phylogenetic tree based on Neighbor-joining method divided 29 subspecies of honey bee to 5 distinct clusters. The Iranian subspecies honey bee composed of a shared clade with subspecies of Eastern Mediterranean, Near East and Eastern parts of Middle East (O branch). This result is very useful for the control of conservation of local honey bees, as the movement of colonies across the border line of these neighboring countries, may affect the genetic structure of honey bee populations.

Morphometric diversity and phylogenetic relationships among Iranian honey bee (Apis mellifera meda Skorikow, 1829) populations using morphological characters

In this study, the morphometric diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Iranian honey bee populations, were investigated using 14 morphometric characteristics. A total of 2250 young adult worker bees from 20 different populations in 20 different provinces of Iran were collected during June to October 2014. The results of nested analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences (P<0.01) between the provinces for all analyzed morphometric traits indicating the existence of a diversity among them. Correlation coefficient analysis showed a high degree of association among the most of the traits. This correlation coefficient should be a putative mean to improve of certain characters in breeding of honey bee. Principal component analysis revealed three principal components explained 81.5% of the total variation. Cluster analysis using WARD method classified honey bee populations into two main groups. The first group includes the honey bees collected from North, Northwest and West portions of Iran. The second group was represented by the honey bees from Eastern North, Central and Southern regions of Iran. The phylogenetic tree based on UPGMA method divided 29 subspecies of honey bee to 5 distinct clusters. The Iranian subspecies honey bee composed of a shared clade with subspecies of Eastern Mediterranean, Near East and Eastern parts of Middle East (O branch)

The Effect of Low-Frequency Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields on the Differentiation of Permanent Dental Pulp Stem Cells into Odontoblasts

Introduction: Exposure to pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) has been revealed to affect the differentiation and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from dental pulp multipotent stromal stem cells (DP-MSCs). This study aimed to investigate the differentiation effect of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on the DP-MSC. Materials and Methods: PEMF was produced by a system comprising a multi-meter autotransformer, solenoid coils, and teslameter. This study included 10 groups of DP-MSCs which underwent different electromagnetic radiation time and beam intensity. Three samples tested for each group. The effect of PEMF with the intensity of 0.5 and 1 mT (mili Tesla) and 50 Hz on the proliferation rate of DP-MSC was evaluated at 20 and 40 minutes per day for seven days. MTT assay was applied to determine the growth and proliferation of DP-MSC. Gene expression of DMP1 for differentiation of DPSCs to odontoblasts was confirmed by Real Time PCR., ANOVA statistical analysis and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyze the data. Results: The survival in all exposure groups was significantly higher than that in control except in the group of 40 minutes, 1 mT (P<0.05). In 20 minutes, 0.5 mT exposure, the survival intensity is significantly more than others (P<0.05). In general, the intensity of survival was recorded, 20, 0.5 mT≥20, 1 mT≥40, 0.5 mT≥40, 1 mT respectively. Therefore, according to the obtained results, ELF-EMF increases the survival of cells except for one case (40 minutes, 1 mT), even though the effective underlying mechanisms in this process are still unclear. Conclusions: The results obtained promise that in the future, by placing an important part of the pulp next to the electromagnetic field, the lost part of the pulp can be reconstructed and the dentin barrier can be created