Considerations for the control of marine pollution in Pakistan

The dissertation is a study of the state of the marine environment and pollution control set-up in Pakistan. The principle features of Pakistan marine environment are highlighted with the_ evaluation of pollution in different areas. The areas of extensive marine pollution are pointed out. The importance of the endangered wetland habitats is highlighted. The hazards associated with marine pollution are examined. The main sources of marine pollution are investigated. The measures to control marine pollution are collated. The development of legal documents for marine environment protection is scrutinised. The current global control of marine pollution is discussed and compared to that of Pakistan. The importance of some important IMO conventions is briefly evaluated. The current national policy and legislation for marine environment protection in Pakistan are investigated. The roles of national environmental organizations are examined. The significance of the current national environment laws is highlighted. The present set-up for a possible marine oil spill in Pakistan is examined. The concluding chapters set out proposals to improve the present set-up of marine pollution control in Pakistan and the roles of other organizations, related to marine environment protection, are collated. A number of recommendations are made concerning the refined measures to control marine pollution

Talent Management as a Tool for Retaining Employee in the organization: A Study on Bangladesh

Scarcity of efficient and talented workforce is important challenges for the organization mostly available in developing countries like Bangladesh. Pressure from globalization and economic integration, retaining talent human resources are the strategic challenges for most of the organization. This study aimed to empirically test a talent management model developed from the literature review in the organization available in Bangladesh. In the model HR practices and employee attitudes towards organization were considered for the independent variable and decision of the employee to stay in the organization was considered for the dependent variable. Primary data was gathered from the employee working in management level at different manufacturing, service, and government organization. Descriptive statistics using SPSS 22 was applied to analyze the relationships among the study variable. Results from the analysis showed that HR practices and employee attitudes towards organizational satisfaction and pride have a significant influence on the decision of the employee to stay in the organization. HR practices have a substantial direct association with the decision of the employee to remain in the organization. At the same, HR practices was found indirectly associated with employee decides to stay through employee attitudes. Findings of the current research are expected to add value in the existing literature and deliver guideline for the manager struggling for keeping talent in the organization. Keywords: HR practices, Employee attitudes, Retention, Talent management DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/11-21-21 Publication date:July 31st 201

Work-Life Balance: A Study on Female Teachers of Private Education Institutions of Bangladesh.

As society goes ahead in Bangladesh, there is an increasing expectation that women can  not only play their roles by nurturing and raising families to ensure confident and competent future generations for the betterment of society but can also  generate income    by joining as paid workforce in the working place. Growing cost of living as well as change of mindset is the key reasons for which increasing number of educated women are now working outside their house. Even in recent time, the tendency is increasing gradually. As a result, the traditional family is being replaced by the dualcareer family, thus socio-demographic changes are occurring similar to those in developing and developed societies. This dual responsibility is putting increasing pressure on women to achieve and maintain work life balance. In this article, a survey is conducted on 62 education institutions of Bangladesh taking sample of 320 teachers to know the real status of work-life balance institutions. The study finds that the work-life balance situation is moderate which can be improved by ensuring flexible working hours (roistered days off and family friendly starting and finishing times), transport facility, residential facility, child care center, flexible work arrangements/ job sharing , reduced working hours & workload and child schooling for the female teachers. Keywords: Work life balance, disturbance, energy, time, mood, support, Banglades

Work-Life Balance: A Study on Female Teachers of Private Education Institutions of Bangladesh

As society goes ahead in Bangladesh, there is an increasing expectation that women can  not only play their roles by nurturing and raising families to ensure confident and competent future generations for the betterment of society but can also  generate income by joining as paid workforce in the working place. Growing cost of living and change of mindset are the key reasons for which increasing number of educated women are now working outside their house. Even in recent time, the tendency is enhancing gradually. As a result, the traditional family is being replaced by the dual career family. Thus, socio-demographic changes are occurring similar to those in developing and developed societies. This dual responsibility is putting mounting pressure on women to achieve and maintain work life balance. In this article, a survey is conducted on 62 education institutions of Bangladesh taking sample of 320 teachers to know the real status of work-life balance institutions. The study finds that the work-life balance situation is moderate which can be improved by ensuring flexible working hours (roistered days off and family friendly starting and finishing times), transport facility, residential facility, child care center, flexible work arrangements/ job sharing , reduced working hours & workload and child schooling for the female teachers. Keywords: Work load, Job sharing, Child care, Flexible working hour, Family support.

Compensation Management from Islamic Perspective

Around the world Muslims are rediscovering Islam; consequently there is a growing demand of practicing Muslims for compensation from Islamic perspective. But lack of adequate Islamic guidelines regarding compensation system   is one of the key constraints to the way of ensuring employee compensation from Islamic point of view. So this study is an attempt to minimize the gap found therein. In this study a framework for determining and ensuring employee wages and compensation system has been developed in the light of Islamic principles. If the compensation system is managed from Islamic perspective both employees and employers will not only gain conducive, congenial and productive working environment in this world but also can expect for getting salvation in the hereafter. Keywords: Islam, compensation, Justice, brotherhood

Growth response of eight tropical turfgrass species to salinity

Irrigation seawater of different salinity levels (0, 24, 48 and 72 dSm-1) were applied to experimental plants grown in a plastic pots filled with a mixture of sand and peat (9:1). The results were analyzedusing SAS and treatment means were compared using LSD Test. The results indicated that Paspalum vaginatum (seashore paspalum) (SP), Zoysia matrella (manilagrass) (MG), Pasplaum vaginatum local(SPL), Cynodon dactylon (common bermuda) (CB), Cynodon dactylon (bermuda greenless park) (GLP), Eremochloa ophiuroides (centipede) (CP), Axonopus compressus (cow grass) (CG) and Axonopusaffinis (narrowleaf carpet grass) (NCG) experienced a 50% shoot growth reduction at the EC of 39.8, 36.5, 26.1, 25.9, 21.7, 22.4, 17.0 and 18.3 dSm-1, respectively, and a 50% root growth reduction at the ECof 49.4, 42.1, 29.9, 29.7, 26.0 24.8, 18.8 and 20.0 dSm-1, respectively. The ranking for salinity tolerance of selected grasses was  SP>MG>SPL>CB>GLP>CP>NCG>CG. The results indicate the importance of the selection of turfgrass varieties according to the soil salinity and seawater salinity levels to be used for irrigation

Planting time and mulching effect on onion development and seed production

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of planting time and mulches on bulb growth and seed production of onion (Allium cepa L.) cv. Taherpuri. Planting time and mulches had significant influence on almost all parameters studied. Onion planted on 21 November had better agronomic traits contributing towards yield formation. Growth and seed production was accelerated by black polythene. Seed yield (460.81 kgha-1) was highest in the plots planted on 21 Nov. Seed yield was 529.06 kgha-1 where black polythene mulch was used

Growth response of eight tropical turfgrass species to salinity

Irrigation seawater of different salinity levels (0, 24, 48 and 72 dSm-1) were applied to experimental plants grown in a plastic pots filled with a mixture of sand and peat (9:1). The results were analyzed using SAS and treatment means were compared using LSD Test. The results indicated that Paspalum vaginatum (seashore paspalum) (SP), Zoysia matrella (manilagrass) (MG), Pasplaum vaginatum local (SPL), Cynodon dactylon (common bermuda) (CB), Cynodon dactylon (bermuda greenless park) (GLP), Eremochloa ophiuroides (centipede) (CP), Axonopus compressus (cow grass) (CG) and Axonopus affinis (narrowleaf carpet grass) (NCG) experienced a 50% shoot growth reduction at the EC of 39.8, 36.5, 26.1, 25.9, 21.7, 22.4, 17.0 and 18.3 dSm-1, respectively, and a 50% root growth reduction at the EC of 49.4, 42.1, 29.9, 29.7, 26.0 24.8, 18.8 and 20.0 dSm-1, respectively. The ranking for salinity tolerance of selected grasses was SP>MG>SPL>CB>GLP>CP>NCG>CG. The results indicate the importance of the selection of turfgrass varieties according to the soil salinity and seawater salinity levels to be used for irrigation

Relative salinity tolerance of warm season turfgrass species.

Fresh water coupled with soil salinization in many areas has resulted in an increased need for screening of salt tolerant turf grasses. Relative salinity tolerance of eight warm season turfgrass species were examined in this study in sand culture. Grasses were grown in a glasshouse irrrigated with either distilled water or saline sea water adjusted to 24, 48 or 72 dSm -1. Salt tolerances of the grasses were assessed on the basis of their shoot and root growth leaffiring and turf quality. Regression analysis indicated that Zoysia japoaica (Japanese lawn grass) (JG) Stenotaphrum secundatum (St. Augustine) (SA), Cynodon dactylon (satiri) (BS) Zoysia teneuifolia (Korean grass) (KG) Digitaria didactyla (Serangoon grass) (SG) Cynodon dactylon (Tifdwarf) (TD) Paspalum notatum (Bahia grass) (BG) and Axonopus compressus(Pearl blue) (PB) suffered a 50%shootgrowth reduction at 36.0, 31.8, 30.9, 28.4, 26.4, 25.7, 20.0 and 18.6 dSm -1 of salinity respectively and a root growth reduction at 44.9, 43.7, 33.4, 31.0, 29.5, 27.5, 21.5 and 21.4 dSm -1 of salinity respectively Leaf finng and turf quality of the selected species as a whole were also found to be affected harmoniously with the change in root and shoot growth On the basis of the expenmental results the selected species were ranked for salinity tolerance as JG>SP>BS>KG> SG>TD>BG>PB

Nano-enable materials promoting sustainability and resilience in modern agriculture

Intensive conventional agriculture and climate change have induced severe ecological damages and threatened global food security, claiming a reorientation of agricultural management and public policies towards a more sustainable development model. In this context, nanomaterials promise to support this transition by promoting mitigation, enhancing productivity, and reducing contamination. This review gathers recent research innovations on smart nanoformulations and delivery systems improving crop protection and plant nutrition, nanoremediation strategies for contaminated soils, nanosensors for plant health and food quality and safety monitoring, and nanomaterials as smart food-packaging. It also highlights the impact of engineered nanomaterials on soil microbial communities, and potential environmental risks, along with future research directions. Although large-scale production and in-field testing of nano-agrochemicals are still ongoing, the collected information indicates improvements in uptake, use efficiency, targeted delivery of the active ingredients, and reduction of leaching and pollution. Nanoremediation seems to have a low negative impact on microbial communities while promoting biodiversity. Nanosensors enable high-resolution crop monitoring and sustainable management of the resources, while nano-packaging confers catalytic, antimicrobial, and barrier properties, preserving food safety and preventing food waste. Though, the application of nanomaterials to the agri-food sector requires a specific risk assessment supporting proper regulations and public acceptance.Fil: Ur Rahim, Hafeez. Dalian University Of Technology; ChinaFil: Qaswar, Muhammad. University of Ghent; BélgicaFil: Uddin, Misbah. Dalian University Of Technology; ChinaFil: Giannini, Cinzia. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; ItaliaFil: Herrera, Maria Lidia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Tecnología en Polímeros y Nanotecnología. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Tecnología en Polímeros y Nanotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Rea, Giuseppina. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Itali