Revascularization of an Immature Maxillary First Premolar with Necrotic Tissue: A Case Report

Objectives The purpose of this study was to present a case of regenerative endodontic procedure.Case The maxillary 1st premolar of a 9-year-old patient was diagnosed as necrotic. Since the tooth was immature, we decided to treat this tooth with regenerative endodontic procedure. After disinfection of the canal, bleeding was induced by lacerating the peri-apical tissues and a blood clot was formed. Orifice was sealed by MTA and the tooth was restored. 6-months and 1-year follow-ups showed increased root thickness and closure of the apical.Conclusion It can be concluded that the regenerative endodontic procedure used in this study was successful since there was an evident development in root width

Corneal collagen cross-linking effects on pseudophakic bullous keratopathy

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of riboflavin administration and ultraviolet A(UVA)cross-linking on advanced symptomatic bullous keratopathy. <p>METHODS: Fifteen patients with symptomatic pseudophakic bullous keratopathy(PBK)were included. Slit-lamp examination, visual acuity, foreign body sensation(FBS)questionnaire, corneal clarity grading, ocular pain intensity scale and corneal thickness measures with Pentacam and ultrasound pachymetry(UP), were performed before corneal cross-linking and 1 and 6mo thereafter. After using sodium chloride solution, for one week, the central 8mm(diameter)of the corneal epithelium was removed, and cross-linking, with riboflavin instillation every 3min for 30min, and UVA irradiation for 30min was performed. <p>RESULTS: Five males and 10 females with mean age of 66±13y were included. Mean follow up time was 6.2mo. Corneal transparency in all eyes was statistically significantly better 1 month after treatment than preoperatively(<i>P</i><0.05). At 6mo, however, corneal transparency was better in 8 eyes, the same in 5 eyes, and worse in 2 eyes compared with preoperative levels(<i>P</i>= 0.218). Foreign body sensation subsided in 70% of patients. The average CCT decreased within 1mo after the procedure(<i>P</i><0.05). At 6mo, all but 3 eyes had progressive swelling, and the CCT increased; however, the CCT was still statistically significantly thinner than preoperatively(<i>P</i>=0.006). The improvement in mean CDVA from preoperatively to 1mo postoperatively was statistically significant(<i>P</i>=0.010). At 6mo, no significant differences were observed(<i>P</i>=0.130). The pain scores at 1mo were statistically significantly better than preoperatively(<i>P</i>=0.007). At 6mo, however the mean pain score was higher than at 1mo and not statistically significantly different from the preoperative score(<i>P</i>=0.070). <p>CONCLUSION: Corneal CXL significantly improved corneal transparency, corneal thickness, and ocular pain 1 month postoperatively. However, it did not seem to have a long-lasting effect in decreasing pain and maintaining corneal transparency in patients with PBK. This procedure extends the time interval for corneal transplantation and increases visualization at DSAEK procedure

Association between nucleotide mutation of eNOS gene and serum level of vessel expansion factor (VEF) in non-smoker patients with vascular heart disease

Various mutation on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOs) gene cause reduced production of NO, the expansion factor (VEF) and may accelerate the process of atherosclerosis. The study was designed to investigate the frequency of T-786C polymorphism of the gene or nucleotide mutation of eNOS gene in patients suffering from vascular heart disease (VHD) or coronary artery disease (CAD) in North West of Iran. 120 subjects including 60 patients with angiographically diagnosed CAD and 60 age and sex matched CAD-free subjects as control were studied. The levels of Nitric oxide in the samples were measured with the Griess method. The genotype studies were carried out using allele specific PCR. Comparing with the control reduced levels of NO were noticed in the patient group (P&lt;0.05) and significantly high frequency of eNOs -786C genotype was found in CAD patients (P&lt;0.05). The low levels of NO and increased frequency of T-786C polymorphism might be a risk factor in progression of coronary artery disease in the studied subjects.Keywords: Vascular heart disease, endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene, TC 786 SNP, vessel expansion factor (VEF), non-smokerAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(20), pp. 3023-302

Effect of an Extra Hydrophobic Resin Layer on Repair Shear Bond Strength of a Silorane-Based Composite Resin

Objectives: Composite repair is a minimally invasive and conservative approach. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an additional hydrophobic resin layer on the repair shear bond strength of a silorane-based composite repaired with silorane or methacrylate-based composite. Materials and Methods: Sixty bar-shaped composite blocks were fabricated and stored in saline for 72 hours. The surface of the samples were roughened by diamond burs and etched with phosphoric acid; then, they were randomly divided into three groups according to the repairing process: Group 1: Silorane composite-silorane bonding agent-silorane composite; group 2: Silorane composite-silorane bonding agent- hydrophobic resin-silorane composite, and group 3: Silorane composite-silorane bonding agent-hydrophobic resin methacrylate-based composite. Repairing composite blocks measured 2.5×2.5×5mm. After repairing, the samples were stored in saline for 24 hours and thermocycled for 1500 cycles. The repair bond strength was measured at a strain rate of 1mm/min. Twenty additional cylindrical composite blocks (diameter: 2.5mm, height: 6mm) were also fabricated for measuring the cohesive strength of silorane-based composite. The data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA and the post hoc Tukey’s test (α=0.05). Results: Cohesive bond strength of silorane composite was significantly higher than the repair bond strengths in other groups (P<0.001). The repair bond strength of group 3 was significantly higher than that of group 1 (P=0.001). Conclusion: Application of an additional hydrophobic resin layer for repair of silorane-based composite with a methacrylate-based composite enhanced the repair shear bond strength

COMPARISON OF LEVELS OF NITRIC OXIDE, SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE AND GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE OF GASTRIC JUICE IN INFECTED AND NON-INFECTED PATIENTS WITH HELICOBACTER PYLORI

Helicobacter Pylori infection leads to different clinical and pathological outcomes in humans, including chronic gastritis and gastric neoplasia. It has been demonstrated that oxidative stress associated with inflammation plays an important role in gastric carcinogenesis. To evaluate the oxidative stress in H. Pylori infection we studied the gastric juice levels of nitric oxide and the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. A total of 43 patients suffering from H. Pylori infection were selected and 43 non-infected individuals were chosen as control group. Compared to control group, significant reduction in the mean levels of nitric oxide in the gastric juice of the patients was noticed (P = 0.0001). In the patients activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in gastric juice were markedly higher than those of control group (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.0001, respectively). A reverse and meaningful relationship was observed between the levels of nitric oxide and the activities of superoxide dismutase in the gastric juice of patients (r = -0.35, P = 0.023). The results of this study confirm that H. Pylori has developed various mechanisms to escape the effect of immune system. H. Pylori have also developed strategies for defense against oxidative stress

Evaluation of oxidative damage to peptic tissue DNA and gastric juice levels of nitric oxide and oxidative stress in smokers and non-smokers with signs of dyspepsia

Smoking elevates risk of peptic ulcer and gastrointestinal cancer in human being. In this study, the severity of the damage was assessed by detection of nitric oxide levels, oxidative stress of gastric juice in smokers and non-smokers. 43 smoker patients with active peptic ulcer as case group and 43 nonsmokers without peptic ulcer, 43 smokers without peptic ulcer and 43 non-smokers with active peptic ulcer as control groups were selected for this study. The levels of nitric oxide in gastric juice and the rate of DNA damage, those of total antioxidant capacity and the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in gastric mucosa were determined using standard methods. The rate of DNA damage in case group was significantly higher than those of controls groups. Comparing with two control groups, increase in nitric oxide levels of case group was noticed. Comparing with control group, significant elevation in the mean activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase was observed in the case group. Total antioxidant capacities of control groups were higher than that of case group. Results of the study shows that damage rate of DNA have a direct correlation with the presence of toxic agents in cigarette smoke and tar especially NO o . Increase in activity of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and decrease in total antioxidant capacity in gastric juice; confirm the presence of oxidative stress in smokers&apos; gastric juice

Evaluation of glycemic control, gastric juice nitric oxide and oxidative stress in diabetic patients infected by Helicobacter pylori

Recently, diabetes mellitus has been known as one of the main cause of upper gastrointestinal symptoms. It has also been suggested that delayed gastric emptying may lead to bacterial overgrowth in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Since high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in diabetic patients has been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between dyspepsia, the level of gastric juice Nitric Oxide oxidative stress and hyperglycemic control in diabetic H. pylori infected patients. Sixty H. pylori infected diabetic patients (27 males and 33 females) with mean age of 39.5 ± 12 years, 60 diabetic patients without H. pylori infection (28 males and 32 females) with mean age of 34 ± 15 years and 60 healthy individuals (28 males and 32 females) with mean age of 41 ± 8 referred to endoscopy Department were selected as Case, Control-2 and Control-1 groups respectively. All subjects underwent endoscopy. The presence of chronic active gastritis was studied in gastric mucosa and gastric biopsies were also checked with rapid urease test for presence of H. pylori. The level of NO° in gastric juice was measured calorimetrically and the activities of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX) in gastric biopsy were determined using standard methods. The percentage of blood level of glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1C) was measured by ion exchange chromatography. Comparing with the two control groups significant elevation in the mean level of HbA1C was noticed in the case group (p&lt;0.0001 in the both cases). The mean level of NO° in gastric juice was meaningfully higher than those in the control 1 and 2 groups (p&lt;0.0001 in the both cases). The mean activities of SOD and GPX in the gastric mucosa were markedly higher than those of the both control groups (p&lt;0.0001 in all cases). In patients with metabolically uncontrolled diabetes mellitus the prevalence of H. pylori infection is high and the bacteria colonization occurs at the antrum of stomach. After eradication therapy of H. pylori the control of the glyceamia will be useful. Increased levels of HbA1C in the case group in comparison with those in the uninfected subjects confirm the finding. On the other hand the treatment of the H. pylori infection improves the level of NO° in the gastric juice and reduces cellular damage resulting from acute oxidative and nitrosative stress produced by reaction between superoxide radicals of H. pylori and NO° of the gastric juice