Differential Optical-absorption Spectroscopy (doas) System For Urban Atmospheric-pollution Monitoring

We describe a fully computer-controlled differential optical absorption spectroscopy system for atmospheric air pollution monitoring. A receiving optical telescope can sequentially tune in to light beams from a number of distant high-pressure Xe lamp light sources to cover the area of a medium-sized city. A beam-finding servosystem and automatic gain control permit unattended long-time monitoring. Using an astronomical code, we can also search and track celestial sources. Selected wavelength regions are rapidly and repetitively swept by a monochromator to sensitively record the atmospheric absorption spectrum while avoiding the detrimental effects of atmospheric turbulence. By computer fitting to stored laboratory spectra, we can evaluate the path-averaged concentration of a number of important pollutants such as NO2, SO2, and O3. A measurement of NH3 and NO close to the UV limit is also demonstrated

Hvordan implementere Lesefokus som metode for lese- og skriveopplæringa på første trinn?

The subject for my thesis is the Norwegian model and method “Lesefokus”, developed by Mette Meidell and Torunn Bjørkmo. This model is developed on the thinking from the Australian program, EYLP – Early Years Literacy Program, and Nylund school in Norway. The goal for this method is to place individually adapted training into a system, for education in reading and writing. In my thesis the focus is how to develop and implant this model for the pupils in the first grade. Through my work I’ve discovered that the pupils like the system of the method. This is because of the different learning styles, and all the intelligences that they meet through the different stations. By basing the activities on different intelligences and learning styles, the pupils can find the most suitable and attractive way into reading and writing. The statements from the teachers are that they gain better relations with the pupils because of the own teacher station. This is by the founders, described as the heart of the stations. Teachers also state that they now have a greater overview about which levels the pupils needs to reach for, both in reading and writing. When implanting the method and model, my work and innovation has shown that both the method and the use of it have to be dynamic. The sources and the research done about Lesefokus is not by newer date, and therefore the method haven’t been developed much further. My work shows that many teachers wants an plan for each grade, which give them guidelines for both the method and it’s structure. They also want the plan to list goals and show what is expected for the different groups of age, and how they should develop through the subject. The main factors to succeed with the method have to make sure that the model stays dynamic through evaluation, given guidelines, and development based on these. Each teacher needs enough teaching- and professional competence, to know what to do, and how to adapt and adjust the learning activities for each individual pupil. Focus on strong, positive and reliable relations between the teacher and the pupils, and firm structure with clearly leadership is necessary. The teachers also have to see the value in the method based on research and experiences made by others, and not on their own feelings and what they assume the method is

Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) Measurements of Ozone in the 280--290 nm Wavelength Region

The differential absorption structure of the ozone spectrum between 250 and 330 nm has been investigated in order to determine the optimal wavelength region to be utilized for active differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) measurements. Considering aspects of atmospheric attenuation and interference from other species as well as the magnitude of the differential absorption cross section, an interval around 283 nm was found to be a good candidate for this application. This result was also verified during 12 months of continuous ozone monitoring in an urban environment

Measurement of Aromatic-hydrocarbons With the DOAS Technique

Long-path DOAS (differential optical absorption spectroscopy) in the ultraviolet spectral region has been shown to be applicable for low-concentration measurements of light aromatic hydrocarbons. However, because of spectral interferences among different aromatics as well as with oxygen, ozone, and sulfur dioxide, the application of the DOAS technique for this group of components is not without problems. This project includes a study of the differential absorption characteristics, between 250 and 280 nm, of twelve light aromatic hydrocarbons representing major constituents in technical solvents used in the automobile industry. Spectral overlapping between the different species, including oxygen, ozone, and sulfur dioxide, has been investigated and related to the chemical structure of the different aromatics. Interference effects in the DOAS application due to spectral overlapping have been investigated both in quantitative and in qualitative terms, with data from a field campaign at a major automobile manufacturing plant

A rapid and sensitive method for measuring cell adhesion

We have adapted the CyQuant® assay to provide a simple, rapid, sensitive and highly reproducible method for measuring cell adhesion. The modified CyQuant® assay eliminates the requirement for labour intensive fluorescent labelling protocols prior to experimentation and has the sensitivity to measure small numbers (>1000) of adherent cells

Treatment Patterns, Treatment Satisfaction, Severity of Disease Problems, and Quality of Life in Patients with Psoriasis in Three Nordic Countries

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