General F-theory models with tuned (SU⁡(3)×SU⁡(2)×U⁡(1))/Z6(\operatorname{SU}(3) \times \operatorname{SU}(2) \times \operatorname{U}(1)) / \mathbb{Z}_6 symmetry

We construct a general form for an F-theory Weierstrass model over a general base giving a 6D or 4D supergravity theory with gauge group $(\operatorname{SU}(3) \times \operatorname{SU}(2) \times \operatorname{U}(1)) / \mathbb{Z}_6$ and generic associated matter, which includes the matter content of the standard model. The Weierstrass model is identified by unHiggsing a model with $\operatorname{U}(1)$ gauge symmetry and charges $q \le 4$ previously found by the first author. This model includes two distinct branches that were identified in earlier work, and includes as a special case the class of models recently studied by Cveti\v{c}, Halverson, Lin, Liu, and Tian, for which we demonstrate explicitly the possibility of unification through an $\operatorname{SU}(5)$ unHiggsing. We develop a systematic methodology for checking that a parameterized class of F-theory Weierstrass models with a given gauge group $G$ and fixed matter content is generic (contains all allowed moduli) and confirm that this holds for the models constructed here.Comment: 36 pages, LaTe

Forbidden oxygen lines at various nucleocentric distances in comets

To study the formation of the [OI] lines - i.e., 5577 A (the green line), 6300 A and 6364 A (the two red lines) - in the coma of comets and to determine the parent species of the oxygen atoms using the green to red-doublet emission intensity ratio (G/R ratio) and the lines velocity widths. We acquired at the ESO VLT high-resolution spectroscopic observations of comets C/2002 T7 (LINEAR), 73P-C/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3, 8P/Tuttle, and, 103P/Hartley 2 when they were close to the Earth (< 0.6 au). Using the observed spectra, we determined the intensities and the widths of the three [OI] lines. We have spatially extracted the spectra in order to achieve the best possible resolution of about 1-2", i.e., nucleocentric projected distances of 100 to 400 km depending on the geocentric distance of the comet. We have decontaminated the [OI] green line from C2 lines blends. It is found that the observed G/R ratio on all four comets varies as a function of nucleocentric projected distance. This is mainly due to the collisional quenching of O(1S) and O(1D) by water molecules in the inner coma. The observed green emission line width is about 2.5 km/s and decreases as the distance from the nucleus increases which can be explained by the varying contribution of CO2 to the O(1S) production in the innermost coma. The photodissociation of CO2 molecules seems to produce O(1S) closer to the nucleus while the water molecule forms all the O(1S) and O(1D) atoms beyond 1000 km. Thus we conclude that the main parent species producing O(1S) and O(1D) in the inner coma is not always the same. The observations have been interpreted in the framework of the coupled-chemistry-emission model of Bhardwaj & Raghuram (2012) and the upper limits of CO2 relative abundances are derived from the observed G/R ratios. Measuring the [OI] lines could indeed provide a new way to determine the CO2 relative abundance in comets.Comment: accepted for publication in A&A, the abstract is shortene

Automatic Enhancement in 6D Supergravity and F-theory Models

We observe that in many F-theory models, tuning a specific gauge group $G$ and matter content $M$ under certain circumstances leads to an automatic enhancement to a larger gauge group $G' \supset G$ and matter content $M' \supset M$. We propose that this is true for any theory $G, M$ whenever there exists a containing theory $G', M'$ that cannot be Higgsed down to $G, M$. We give a number of examples including non-Higgsable gauge factors, nonabelian gauge factors, abelian gauge factors, and exotic matter. In each of these cases, tuning an F-theory model with the desired features produces either an enhancement or an inconsistency, often when the associated anomaly coefficient becomes too large. This principle applies to a variety of models in the apparent 6D supergravity swampland, including some of the simplest cases with U(1) and SU(N) gauge groups and generic matter, as well as infinite families of U(1) models with higher charges presented in the prior literature, potentially ruling out all these apparent swampland theories.Comment: 56 pages, LaTe

Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia: A Rare Case Report

Focal epithelial hyperplasia is a rare entity of oral mucosa induced by Human Papilloma virus type 13 and 32. It was described by Estrada in 1956 within a group of Colombian Caramanda Indians. In Latin America it is called Multifocal Papilloma virus induced epithelial hyperplasia. It is common in younger age groups. Generally it is very rare in Asia. Here we report a case of 32 year old male who came with a complaint of burning sensation for past 6 months. The lesion was diagnosed as Focal epithelial hyperplasia according to clinical and Histopathological features. Dental clinicians should be aware of these lesions with a careful clinical and Histopathological observation under definitive diagnosis

PDC2, a yeast gene essential for synthesis of pyruvate decarboxylase, encodes a novel transcription factor

A positive regulatory gene PDC2 required for expression of the enzyme pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been identified and cloned. The pdc2 mutant lacks pyruvate decarboxylase activity and is unable to grow on a medium containing glucose. PDC2 disruptants are viable on ethanol. The PDC2 gene product is essential for transcription of PDC1 and PDC5, the structural genes of pyruvate decarboxylase. The PDC2 gene codes for a low-abundance mRNA of approximately 2.8 kb. Transformation of a wild-type strain with multiple copies of the promoter ofPDC1 leads to decreased pyruvate decarboxylase activity, presumably owing to titration of trans-acting factors. Normal activity is restored by multiple copies of PDC2, implicating involvement ofPDC2 in transcription of PDC1. The deduced PDC2 protein (Pdc2p) sequence contains 925 amino acids, and is rich in asparagine and serine. We fused the DNA sequence encoding the N-terminal domain of Gal4p to the sequence encoding the C-terminal of Pdc2p; the hybrid protein (Gal4-Pdc2p) was able to activate transcription of the GAL1-lucZ fusion gene. The active domain consists of an unusual structure with a strikingly high asparagine content. We propose that this asparagine-rich domain represents a novel structural motif for transcriptional activation. PDC2 maps on chromosome IV betweencdc34 andarol; PDC1 is on the left arm of chromosome XII, linked topprl

Occupational (Im)mobility in the Global Care Economy: The Case of Foreign-Trained Nurses in the Canadian Context

The twenty-first century has witnessed a number of significant demographic and political shifts that have resulted in a care crisis. Addressing the deficit of care provision has led many nations to actively recruit migrant care labour, often under temporary forms of migration. The emergence of this phenomenon has resulted in a rich field of analysis using the lens of care, including the idea of the Global Care Chain. Revisions to this conceptualization have pushed for its extension beyond domestic workers in the home to include skilled workers in other institutional settings, particularly nurses in hospitals and long-term care settings. Reviewing relevant literature on migrant nurses, this article explores the labour market experiences of internationally educated nurses in Canada. The article reviews research on the barriers facing migrant nurses as they transfer their credentials to the Canadian context. Analysis of this literature suggests that internationally trained nurses experience a form of occupational (im)mobility, paradoxical, ambiguous and contingent processes that exploit global mobility, and results in the stratified incorporation of skilled migrant women into healthcare workplaces

Adult Patients Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Hospitalized for Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the United States: Incidence and Outcomes

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common infectious reason for hospitalization of adults in the United States (US), including those with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). While there are studies detailing the incidence and outcomes for all adults with CAP we are not aware of a recent study detailing incidence and outcomes in adult HIV patients hospitalized with CAP. The objectives of this study were (1) to define the current incidence and outcomes of adult HIV patients hospitalized with CAP in Louisville, Kentucky, and (2) to estimate the burden of CAP in the US HIV adult population. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of The University of Louisville Pneumonia Study; a prospective population-based cohort study of all hospitalized adults with CAP who were residents of Louisville, Kentucky, from 1 June 2014 to 31 May 2016. Results: A total of 110 unique patients living with HIV were hospitalized with CAP during our two-year study. The annual incidence of adults living with HIV hospitalized with CAP is estimated to be 1,950 per 100,000. Of the estimated 1.1 million adults living with HIV in the US currently we predict that 21,450 will be hospitalized with CAP annually. The median time to clinical stability in adult patients living with HIV hospitalized with CAP was 2 (IQR: [1, 3]) days. The median length of stay for adult patients living with HIV hospitalized with CAP was 4 (IQR: [3, 7]) days. Mortality occurred as follows; in-hospital: 1.8%, 30-day 6.8%, 6-month 15.5%, and 1 year 20.2%. Conclusion: The estimated annual incidence of adult patients living with HIV and hospitalized with CAP was found to be 1,950 per 100,000 suggesting that 21,450 adults living with HIV will be admitted with CAP yearly across the US. This is a similar incidence to that recently predicted for the elderly. Mortality occurred as follows; in-hospital: 1.8%, 30-day 6.8%, 6-month 15.5%, and 1 year 20.2%. Our 30-day mortality rate for adult patients living with HIV hospitalized for CAP was similar to other figures in the literature