Fuzzy-based fault-tolerant and instant synchronization routing technique in wireless sensor network for rapid transit system

In the present era, rapid transits are one of the most affordable means of public transport with various useful integrated application systems. The majority of the integrated applications are deployed in concern over safety and precautionary measures against the worst side-effects of unfortunate emergencies. For such cases, high-end reliable and autonomous systems provide possible positive solutions. Wireless Sensor Network is one of the suitable choices for rapid transit applications to gain positive results with inexpensive implementation cost. However, managing few network consequences like fault tolerance, energy balancing and routing critical informative packets are considered to be the challenging task due to their limited resource usage restriction. In this paper, a novel fuzzy logic-based fault tolerance and instant synchronized routing technique have been proposed specifically for the rapid transit system. On utilizing the fuzzy logic concepts, most of the computational complexities and uncertainties of the system is reduced. The central thematic of the proposed design is concerned over the synchronized routing and permanent faults which abruptly depicts the non-functional nature of the sensor nodes during normal operations. Moreover, our proposed simulation outcomes proved to be improvised evidence on obtaining maximum packet delivery ratio which tends to handle an emergency situation in the compartments of rapid transits

Synthesis of polyesteramides by a new palladium catalyzed carbonylation–polycondensation reaction

This is the published version. Copyright © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2001Alternating polyesteramides are prepared by palladium catalyzed carbonylation–polycondensation reactions of aromatic diiodides and aminohydroxy compounds in the presence of an organic base

Pediatric surgical specialty in India: Sunset or in an eclipse? Current status: 2014-15

Background: Pediatric surgical specialty in India is more than 50-year-old. In spite of the advances made in pediatric surgical care, the specialty is still not being recognized as a “super specialty” and given importance in par with other super specialties. There is a decrease in the demand for pediatric surgical trainee posts. Aims: To assess the current status of pediatric surgical services in India and analyze the factors contributing to decrease in demand for pediatric surgical trainee posts. Materials and Methods: A web-based survey was conducted in January 2014. A questionnaire was sent to all members of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons via e-mail and the results were analyzed. Survey Monkey statistical software was used for analysis of data. Results: A total of 145 (24.5%) members responded to the survey. The majority of the members were practicing in metros and were dissatisfied because of the lesser remuneration as compared to other super specialties. However, the majority of the members were happy socially and professionally and expected a bright future for the specialty. Conclusion: Pediatric surgery, like any other surgical branch, has short comings. Pediatric surgical specialty in India is currently in an eclipse rather than in a sunset

Probing the QGP Phase Boundary with Thermal Properties of ϕ\phi Mesons

A novel attempt has been made to probe the QCD phase boundary by using the experimental data for transverse momenta of {\phi} mesons produced in nuclear collisions at AGS, SPS and RHIC energies. The data are confronted with simple thermodynamic expectations and lattice QCD results. The experimental data indicate a first-order phase transition, with a mixed phase stretching the energy density between \sim1 and 3.2 GeV/fm3 corresponding to SPS energies.Comment: 8-pages, 3-figs, Replaced with the published versio

A study on the role of naso-gastric decompression in patients undergoing elective open abdominal wall hernia repair with mesh

The value of nasogastric decompression after elective open abdominal wall ventral hernia repair was studied in 60 patients - divided into 2 groups of 30 patients each, belonging to routine & selective nasogastric decompression. Nasogastric decompression was done as a compulsory measure in routine nasogastric decompression group of patients in the peri-operative period and was continued until there was onset of gastro-intestinal function. In selective nasogastric decompression group of patients, it was not practised as a routine measure, but was instituted only if and when required. This was done as there is general belief that post-operative ileus significantly increases the risk of postoperative complications including nausea, vomiting, aspiration, wound dehiscence and infection due to increased tension along the lines of wound closure, herniation, fascia adhesions, and late bowel function that may lead to a longer hospital stay. Only one patient in the selective group subsequently required decompression, due to post-operative ileus. Though increased incidence of vomiting in the selective group favoured routine nasogastric decompression,there was statistically significant increase in the complications in the routine group, such as nausea (p=0.0122), sore throat (p=0.0019) and hiccups (p=0.0237). There was also an increase in the mean hospital stay in the postoperative period among the routine group of patients, but this was considered statistically insignificant (p=0.3852). There was a single case of recurrence among both the group of patients. Hence, it is concluded that routine use of nasogastric decompression is not advocated and justified, as it serves no special advantages, but at the same time does lead to increased incidence of complications

Rectovestibular fistula: Is treatment always required?

The traditional teaching in the management of rectovestibular fistula involves corrective surgery, either in single or multiple stages.Usually, female children operated for the same are advised cesarean section during childbirth to prevent damage to the neoanus.Herein, we report a story of a 68-year-old woman with untreated rectovestibular fistula and has given birth to five children withoutany sequalae

Nuclear Abnormalities in Erythrocytes of Frogs From Wetlands and Croplands of Western Ghats Indicate Environmental Contaminations

Anuran amphibians are the biological models to assess the influence of environmental contamination. We conducted nuclear abnormality assessment and micronuclei test in erythrocytes of frogs to identify an early influence of environmental contaminations. In Western Ghats of India, farmers use different agrochemicals and obviously, the amphibian habitat is contaminated with combinations of many residues. Many frog species use these agro-ecosystem for breeding and to complete early life stage. In the present study, we used Indian skipper frog (Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (Anura: Ranidae)), a common inhabitant of water bodies in agro-ecosystems of Western Ghats for the assay. We collected the adult frogs from three different habitats; a) the rice paddy fields contaminated with agro-chemicals, b) uncontaminated marsh and c) a shallow water pool. We recorded micronucleus, blebbed, lobed, kidney bean shaped nucleus and nucleus with notches in erythro-cytes of these frogs. These nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes are quantified. The incidences of occurrence of micronucleus ranged from 0 to 8 in 1000 analyzed cells. More than 80% of the frogs living in agro-chemical contaminated site showed these abnormalities. The appearance of nuclear abnormalities indicates that the frogs are affected by agro-chemicals

Combinatorial Recruitment of CREB, C/EBPβ and c-Jun Determines Activation of Promoters upon Keratinocyte Differentiation

Background: Transcription factors CREB, C/EBPβ and Jun regulate genes involved in keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. We questioned if specific combinations of CREB, C/EBPβ and c-Jun bound to promoters correlate with RNA polymerase II binding, mRNA transcript levels and methylation of promoters in proliferating and differentiating keratinocytes. Results: Induction of mRNA and RNA polymerase II by differentiation is highest when promoters are bound by C/EBP β alone, C/EBPβ together with c-Jun, or by CREB, C/EBPβ and c-Jun, although in this case CREB binds with low affinity. In contrast, RNA polymerase II binding and mRNA levels change the least upon differentiation when promoters are bound by CREB either alone or in combination with C/EBPβ or c-Jun. Notably, promoters bound by CREB have relatively high levels of RNA polymerase II binding irrespective of differentiation. Inhibition of C/EBPβ or c-Jun preferentially represses mRNA when gene promoters are bound by corresponding transcription factors and not CREB. Methylated promoters have relatively low CREB binding and, accordingly, those which are bound by C/EBPβ are induced by differentiation irrespective of CREB. Composite “Half and Half” consensus motifs and co localizing consensus DNA binding motifs are overrepresented in promoters bound by the combination of corresponding transcription factors. Conclusion: Correlational and functional data describes combinatorial mechanisms regulating the activation of promoters. Colocalization of C/EBPβ and c-Jun on promoters without strong CREB binding determines high probability of activation upon keratinocyte differentiation

A living wage : strategies for implementation of the minimun wage : the case of the Indian beedi industry

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-103).92% of India's total workforce (approximately 320 million workers) is employed in the unorganized sector. Out of these, 4.4 million workers are employed by the beedi (indigenous cigarette) industry. Annually, this industry contributes nearly 13% of the total indirect taxes to the central government. The beedi industry is highly mobile in nature. It is also one of the most exploitative labor intensive industries in India. The industry thrives on the cheap cost of production and locates in regions that have low wages. Most of the production in the beedi industry is carried out by subcontracting, where the workers are exploited in terms of low wages, lack of social security benefits and poor working conditions. In 1966, the Government of India enacted the Beedi and Cigar Workers (Employment of Conditions) Act to protect the workers from exploitation, provide the workers with minimum wages and social security benefits. The Act allows a state government to fix its own minimum wages. This has resulted in varying rates of minimum wages across states. States that have enforced higher minimum wages have witnessed an industrial flight of the beedi firms, leaving behind thousands of unemployed workers. Further, the enforcement and implementation of the Act has been very ineffective. The report identifies successful strategies for implementation of minimum wages in the beedi sector by analyzing the cases of the Kerala Dinesh Beedi Cooperative and the Self Employed Women's Association. These organizations have been successful in their approaches because they were able to 1) organize beedi workers into trade unions and cooperatives, 2) garner political support for their movement, and 3) compete with other beedi producers in the country. The report recommends that implementation of the minimum wages in the beedi industry in India can be achieved by a) developing a national minimum wage policy for the beedi industry, and b) increased cooperation between the trade unions, government, NGO's, political parties, employers and beedi workers.by Madhu M. Raghunath.M.C.P

A Deadlock – Free Routing Algorithm for Torus Network

TORUS is a n-dimensional network topology. Each dimension will have k nodes.  A routing algorithm determines the sequence of channels for a packet to traverse from the source to destination. A new router design that significantly reduces the main drawback of worm hole switching – latency, is presented in this paper. Worm-hole switching is combined with virtual channel to provide better performance. Packet deadlock is avoided by verifying the freeness of the nodes before sending the packets to that node. The traditional ‘wormhole switching’ mechanism for routing in the torus network has the disadvantages such as link contention, message latency, need for large buffer size and finally a massive deadlock may appear. The recently proposed ‘clue’ algorithm, has the disadvantages such as difficulty in cut through the link by the packets, says nothing about loss of packets between a hop and storage overhead and complexity in dividing the virtual channels. We proposed an ‘Advanced Clue’ algorithm by combining the concepts of clue and flow controlled clue and also overcome the disadvantages of clue. We use two virtual channels and a buffer which gives a combination of clue and flow controlled clue. We also propose conditions that satisfy the reliability of the packet delivery between hops. The packet will be sent to the next hop and buffered in the current hop. The sending hop will set a timer and wait for the acknowledgement. If the acknowledgement is not arrived till the timer expired then, the packet will be resend, and otherwise the packet will be removed from the buffer. Keywords: Torus, Virtual channels, Cut – through Switching, Wormhole switching