PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF GREEN INHIBITORS IN CHLORIDE INDUCED CORROSION OF REINFORCING STEEL EMBEDDED IN CONCRETE

Abstract This study investigates the corrosion inhibition efficiency of some organic inhibitors and compares its performance against inorganic inhibitors. The inorganic inhibitors used in the study were sodium molybdate dihydrate (Na2MoO4·2H2O), benzotriazole, while organic inhibitors were prepared from Azadirachta indica (AI) and Calotropis gigantea (CG) plant. The concrete specimens were contaminated during concrete preparation with 2% NaCl by weight of cement. To evaluate the effect of these inhibitors on corrosion of reinforcing steel, cylindrical concrete specimens with centrally embedded reinforcement were prepared. Further to accelerate the corrosion process the specimens after curing period were exposed to NaCl(4%) solution. Concrete cube specimens were used to evaluate the effect of inhibitors on the compressive strength of concrete. The results of the study indicated that the corrosion inhibitors investigated in this study did not have adverse effects on compressive strength of concrete. Furthermore, Benzotriazole proved to be effective in delaying corrosion initiation of reinforcing steel embedded in concrete specimens contaminated with NaCl compared to Na2MoO4·2H2O. Observing the performance of both organic inhibitors, AI inhibitor performed better in mitigating the reinforcing steel corrosion compared to CG

Renewable Energy Powered Autonomous Smart Ocean Surface Vehicles (REASOSE)

The REASOSE is not just an Ocean surface vehicle, its poly-type smart autonomous propulsion which eliminates the limitations of existing surface vehicles (remotely operated). The renewable energy source always proved to be abundance of availability in the environment, since the power created through renewable source with loss is engineering acceptance which can immobilise the vehicle. But REASOSE is a unique vehicle with poly-type propulsion incorporated with different renewable sources from the environment which furnishes the consistency of the vehicle inevitable. The REASOSE is a smart intelligent system of vehicle that autonomously switch over to the efficient propulsion as per the availability and in kind of any hindrances the vehicle acts smartly and reaches its destination contiguously. The proposed project novelty is not only stick to a line, the proposed vehicle serves to be change over for versatile applications, the vehicle will be incorporated with high definition live transmitted camera serves for coastal surveillance, deep sea monitoring and so on. The integrated CTD, ADCP and other oceanographic sensors can be a changeover in data collection at different area at required region and time. The stack-up space provides the transportation during unconditional or conditional mode of cargo transfer to required destination

Renewable Energy Powered Autonomous Smart Ocean Surface Vehicles (REASOSE)

The REASOSE is not just an Ocean surface vehicle, its poly-type smart autonomous propulsion which eliminates the limitations of existing surface vehicles (remotely operated). The renewable energy source always proved to be abundance of availability in the environment, since the power created through renewable source with loss is engineering acceptance which can immobilise the vehicle. But REASOSE is a unique vehicle with poly-type propulsion incorporated with different renewable sources from the environment which furnishes the consistency of the vehicle inevitable. The REASOSE is a smart intelligent system of vehicle that autonomously switch over to the efficient propulsion as per the availability and in kind of any hindrances the vehicle acts smartly and reaches its destination contiguously. The proposed project novelty is not only stick to a line, the proposed vehicle serves to be change over for versatile applications, the vehicle will be incorporated with high definition live transmitted camera serves for coastal surveillance, deep sea monitoring and so on. The integrated CTD, ADCP and other oceanographic sensors can be a changeover in data collection at different area at required region and time. The stack-up space provides the transportation during unconditional or conditional mode of cargo transfer to required destination

Pattern of drug utilization and factors influencing long term blood sugar control among diabetics in a tertiary care hospital- an observational study

Background: To study the Pattern of drug prescribing, utilization, analyse effectives of different therapies and factors influencing medication failure and adherence to treatment among diabetics.Methods: The clinical study was conducted in JJM Medical College and Karuna Trust, Davangere, Karnataka. The patients with diabetes as diagnosed by consultant physician were observed for the pattern of blood glucose control. The fasting blood glucose of the patients were recorded at the end of 1st month, 6th month and 12th month of their treatment period. The study period was from June 2012 till August 2014. The study was conducted after institutional ethical clearance and informed consent was taken from all the patients. The pattern of drugs prescribed for the patients were also analysed. The pattern of control among patients with co morbidities were also analysed using paired sample t test.Results: The results showed that the prescribed drugs were able to control the blood glucose levels of the patients. The percentage of patients with FBS in controlled, mild to moderate control and uncontrolled group were 21%, 33.3% and 45.5% in early treatment period and 36%, 40.9%, and 22.7% after one year treatment period (Significant p value). The pattern of drug utilization showed that the most commonly used drugs were the combination of pioglitazone+glimipride+metformin (19%), combination of glibenclamide+ metformin (18%), only insulin (9%), combination of glimipride+metformin (8%) and combination of gliclazide+metformin (5%).Conclusions: The results show that the intervention by the consultant physician was successful in controlling the blood sugar levels and the reasons for failure of treatment and adherence to treatment were helpful for further treatment of patients. Further such studies in a larger sample will help the consultants in their treatment methods

Coulomb-driven broken-symmetry states in doubly gated suspended bilayer graphene

The non-interacting energy spectrum of graphene and its bilayer counterpart consists of multiple degeneracies owing to the inherent spin, valley and layer symmetries. Interactions among charge carriers are expected to spontaneously break these symmetries, leading to gapped ordered states. In the quantum Hall regime these states are predicted to be ferromagnetic in nature whereby the system becomes spin polarized, layer polarized or both. In bilayer graphene, due to its parabolic dispersion, interaction-induced symmetry breaking is already expected at zero magnetic field. In this work, the underlying order of the various broken-symmetry states is investigated in bilayer graphene that is suspended between top and bottom gate electrodes. By controllably breaking the spin and sublattice symmetries we are able to deduce the order parameter of the various quantum Hall ferromagnetic states. At small carrier densities, we identify for the first time three distinct broken symmetry states, one of which is consistent with either spontaneously broken time-reversal symmetry or spontaneously broken rotational symmetry

Spectrophotometric Determination of Mycophenolate Mofetil as Its Charge-Transfer Complexes with Two π-Acceptors

Two simple, selective, and rapid spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of mycophenolate mofetil (MPM) in pure form and in tablets. Both methods are based on charge-transfer complexation reaction of MPM with p-chloranilic acid (p-CA) or 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) in dioxane-acetonitrile medium resulting in coloured product measurable at 520 nm (p-CA) or 580 nm (DDQ). Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration ranges of 40–400 and 12–120 μg mL−1 MPM for p-CA and DDQ, respectively, with correlation coefficients (r) of 0.9995 and 0.9947. The apparent molar absorptivity values are calculated to be 1.06 × 103 and 3.87 × 103 L mol−1 cm−1, respectively, and the corresponding Sandell's sensitivities are 0.4106 and 0.1119 μg cm−1. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) are also reported for both methods. The described methods were successfully applied to the determination of MPM in tablets. Statistical comparison of the results with those of the reference method showed excellent agreement. No interference was observed from the common excipients present in tablets. Both methods were validated statistically for accuracy and precision. The accuracy and reliability of the methods were further ascertained by recovery studies via standard addition procedure

The "Square Kagome" Quantum Antiferromagnet and the Eight Vertex Model

We introduce a two dimensional network of corner-sharing triangles with square lattice symmetry. Properties of magnetic systems here should be similar to those on the kagome lattice. Focusing on the spin half Heisenberg quantum antiferromagnet, we generalise the spin symmetry group from SU(2) to SU(N). In the large N limit, we map the model exactly to the eight vertex model, solved by Baxter. We predict an exponential number of low-lying singlet states, a triplet gap, and a two-peak specific heat. In addition, the large N limit suggests a finite temperature phase transition into a phase with ordered ``resonance loops'' and broken translational symmetry.Comment: 5 pages, revtex, 5 eps figures include

Exchange couplings in the magnetic molecular cluster Mn12Ac

The magnetic properties of the molecular cluster Mn12Ac are due to the four Mn3+ ions which have spins S=3/2 and the eight Mn4+ ions with spins S=2. These spins are coupled by superexchange mechanism. We determine the four exchange couplings assuming a Heisenberg-type interaction between the ions. We use exact diagonalization of the spin Hamiltonian by a Lanczos algorithm and we adjust the couplings to reproduce the magnetization curve of Mn12Ac. We also impose the constraint of reproducing a gap of 35K between a S=10 ground state and a first excited state with S=9. We predict that there is an excited level with S=8 at 37K above the ground state, only slightly above the S=9 excited state which lies at 35K and the next excited state is a S=9 multiplet at 67K above the S=10 ground state.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Phys Rev B, corrected a misTeX: values of J1, J2 have changed, refs update

Topological Insulators from Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking Induced by Electron Correlation on Pyrochlore Lattices

We study an extended Hubbard model with the nearest-neighbor Coulomb interaction on the pyrochlore lattice at half filling. An interaction-driven insulating phase with nontrivial Z_2 invariants emerges at the Hartree-Fock mean-field level in the phase diagram. This topological insulator phase competes with other ordered states and survives in a parameter region surrounded by a semimetal, antiferromagnetic and charge ordered insulators. The symmetries of these phases are group-theoretically analyzed. We also show that the ferromagnetic interaction enhances the stability of the topological phase.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in J. Phys. Soc. Jp