Diffuse Large B-cell lymphoma of mandible: a case report

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas are a group of neoplasms that originate from the cells of the lymphoreticular system.Forty percent of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas arise from extra nodal sites. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas detected primarily in the bone are quite rare, but among jaw lesions, they are more frequently present in the maxilla than in the mandible. There are no classical characteristic clinical features of lymphomas involving the jaw bones. Swelling, ulcer or discomfort may be present in the region of the lymphoma, or it may mimic a periapical pathology or a benign condition.Though non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas have been reported in all age groups, they generally affect the elderly, particularly males. Primary non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas of the bone can be effectively managed by chemotherapy, with or without radiotherapy. We report a case of a large B-cell lymphoma of the mandible, in which the patient presented with a diffuse swelling on the right body of the mandible. A subsequent biopsy and immunohistochemistry were instrumental in this diagnosis. After finding no metastasis to other sites, the patient was treated with chemotherapy.The swelling regressed completely following the chemotherapy regimen, with no sign of recurrence observed over the last eighteen months

A COMPARATIVE PHARMACOGNOSTICAL EVALUATION OF THREE BOTANICAL SOURCE PLANTS OF JIVANTI

Objective: This study was undertaken to carry out a comparative pharmacognostical evaluation of three botanical source plants used in the name of classical Ayurvedic drug Jivanti.Methods: Leaves of three source plants of jivanti belonging to Asclepiadaceae family i.e. Leptadenia reticulata (Retz.), Holostemma ada-kodien Schult. and Wattakaka volubilis (Linn. f.) Stapf were evaluated for morphological and microscopical characters including quantitative microscopy, surface study, powder microscopy and histochemical studies.Results: Morphologically all the three species showed some similar characters like simple, opposite leaves with reticulate venation. The shape of the leaves were ovate to oblong in L reticulata and H ada-kodien whereas W volubilis was having broadly ovate or suborbicular leaves. Multicellular glandular warty trichomes, rosette crystals of calcium oxalate, lactiferous cells were observed in all the three species whereas prismatic crystals were also present in W volubilis. Palisade ratio and stomatal index were higher in H ada-kodien followed by L reticulata. Characteristic differences in the organoleptic characters like colour, taste, touch were observed in individual powder samples. Test for lignin, calcium oxalate crystal, starch grain and tannin showed a positive result in all the three samples.Conclusion: The present study reports specific pharmacognostical characteristics for the identification and differentiation of each botanical source plant. The observed results can also serve as a reference for any further investigations

Pre- and Post-WTO Changes in Oilseed Economy of Karnataka: A Case of Groundnut

The growth in exports, economics of production and global competitiveness of groundnut has been reported over the period of 20 years (1984-85 to 2004-05) in Karnataka by collecting data from various published sources. Techniques used for the analysis are growth functions, tabular function, nominal protection coefficient and domestic resource cost. The analysis of export trends of groundnut from 1985-86 to 2004-05 has shown that quantity of groundnut export has grown annually at a compound growth rate of 9.52 per cent, whereas the value of groundnut exported has grown at a much higher rate of 13.13 per cent. Structural changes in costs are due to changes in quantity and quality of inputs associated with the technological process and also due to their prices. Groundnut has shown competitive disadvantage during the pre-WTO period, as values of NPC and DRC are more than one. But, during the post-WTO period, the competitiveness has increased as is evident from the NPC and DRC values which turned out be less than one. The study has suggested to exploit the competitiveness of Karnataka in groundnut and other oilseed crops.International Relations/Trade,

Micronucleus assay- an early diagnostic tool to assess genotoxic changes in tobacco and related habits

Objective: Micronuclei are induced in cells by a variety of substances, like UV radiation, infrared rays, X-radiations, and chemicals. Among them tobacco- specific nitrosamines have been reported to be potent mutagenic agents which are thought to be responsible for the induction of chromosomal aberrations resulting in production of micronuclei. The main aim of our study is to compare MN frequency among subjects, chewing tobacco only, chewing and smoking tobacco only, and chewing, smoking with alcohol, and to co-relate with control subjects.Methods: Healthy subjects are included in the study and divided into four groups having 20 subjects in each group. Group-I is chewing only, group-II chewing and smoking, group-III chewing and smoking with alcohol, group-IV control. Smears were made from buccal exfoliated cells and stained with DNA specific stain Acridine orange. Frequency on MNC per 100 cells was assessed with, one way ANOVA & Tukey HSD Multiple Comparisons test with p<0.05.Results: The mean number of MN was 2.3, 2.4, 3.6 in the group of chewing only, chewing & smoking, chewing, smoking & alcohol respectively. While assessing MN in the controls, out of 20 cases, 19 showed no MN among the cells examined while 1 patient showed 1 MN each per 100 cells examined.Conclusion: The present study concludes that MN is a better surrogate biomarker to predict genotoxicity for tobacco related habits

A comprehensive review on Bhallataka from classical texts of Ayurveda

Bhallataka (Semecarpus anacardium Linn.), is one of the important medicinal plant used in Ayurveda. Classical texts of Ayurveda cited its therapeutic efficacy in numerous disease conditions as a single drug and as an ingredient of compound formulations. The present review provides a single hand information collected from classical Ayurvedic literatures on the drug “Bhallataka”, being compiled from 13 Nighantus (lexicons), 16 Samhita/Chikitsa granthas (compendia of Ayurveda) and Rasa granthas (Compendia related to Rasashastra). It is observed that, more than 80 synonyms were coined for describing the morphological and pharmacological characters of Bhallataka. Different parts of Bhallataka are attributed with different pharmacological properties and actions. There is some difference of opinion regarding the properties and actions in the later nighantus. It is also used as an ingredient of different compound formulations which were used in 23 different dosage forms, where Taila (Oil), Ghrita (Ghee), Churna (Powder), Vati (Tablet) and Kashaya (Decoction) are found to be maximum number. Majority of formulations containing Bhallataka are indicated in Arsha (Haemorrhoids), Kushtha (Skin diseases), Gulma (Lump), Grahani (derangement of agni situated in grahani), Prameha (Polyuria) and Vataroga (Diseases of vata origin). Since the drug is mentioned under semipoisonous group of drugs, judicious use of Bhallataka, after proper processing is advocated. Specific collection and storage practices, antidotes and dietary habits to be followed during Bhallataka administration to prevent possible adverse effects are also documented in classical texts of Ayurveda

Adaptive energy management strategy for sustainable voltage control of PV-hydro-battery integrated DC microgrid

DC microgrid has relatively more advantages of power quality, not requirement of reactive power, higher operational efficiency compare to AC microgrid. DC microgrid can facilitate effective integration of distributed clean energy resources and efficient solution for providing electricity to remote areas (e.g. North Eastern States of India). Recently, India has commissioned small hydro, solar PV and battery storage integrated DC microgrids (MGs) to meet the locally increasing load demand of northeastern states. The sudden change in solar insolation during the load power dynamics can cause unbalanced power flow in such isolated MGs. Due to the slow response time of small hydro power plant (SHPP) and limited output power of battery storage with fixed C-rate, the unbalanced power flow, during load power dynamics, cannot be compensated. The unbalanced power flow may lead to unsustainable voltage control at the DC bus of MG. To prevent this, MG follows load shedding. But, load shedding reduces the reliability of MG. To achieve the sustainable voltage control of DC MG, a smart adaptive energy management strategy (AEMS) is proposed in this research work. The novel aspect of proposed AEMS is that it operates the SHPP despite its slow response time by estimating the load power dynamics on the iterative basis. The deep charging/deep discharging scenario of battery storage due to mismatch between the total generation with estimated load and the actual load is taken care by the adjustable energy controller of proposed AEMS. To justify the potential contributions of proposed AEMS, it is assessed against various dynamic test load cases. Based on the assessment of obtained results against various test load cases, in this work, a comparative analysis is carried out between the proposed AEMS and the existing control strategies in the literature. The comparative analysis reveals that with the proposed AEMS, voltage sustainability of MG is improved by 22.7% and the utilization factor of SHPP is enhanced by 55.27% with 98.17% reduction in current stress levels of battery storage system. Finally, the proposed AEMS is evaluated in MATLAB/Simulink as well as validated through OPAL-RT real time simulator.publishedVersio

Therapeutic role of vegetables in Respiratory Diseases – A critical review from Ayurvedic classics.

The concept of Pathya (wholesome diet) is an unique contribution of Ayurveda, which plays an important role in prevention and management of many diseases. “Shakavarga”, a category under dietetics in classical texts of Ayurveda enlisted different vegetables with their properties and indications in different disease conditions. These vegetables can be prescribed as Pathya (wholesome diet) in clinical practice. In the present review, plants described under Shakavarga, indicated as Pathya in different diseases related to Pranavaha Srotas (Respiratory system) were compiled from 15 different Ayurvedic classical texts. Critical analysis of the compiled data reveals that out of 332 vegetables described under Shakavarga, 44 are indicated in respiratory disease like Shvasa (Dyspnoea/Asthma), Kasa (Cough), Peenasa (Chronic rhinitis) and Hikka (Hiccup). Among them, botanical identity of 42 classical plants has been established and maximum number of vegetables belongs to the family cucurbitaceae (10) followed by solanaceae (4). Some of these vegetables have been reported for their various pharmacological activities related to prevention and management of diseases related to Pranavaha Srotas (Respiratory system). These vegetables are reported for their anti-inflammatory (16), antioxidant (14), anti-allergic (6) and antitussive (3) activities. The observed result may be helpful in use of vegetables as Pathya (wholesome diet) and planning further scientific studies about the efficacy of these plants on prevention as well as management of respiratory diseases

To Implant or not to Implant?: The Role of Imaging

Missing teeth are best replaced by implants, provided the implant is placed in a way that it fulfills esthetic, functional and biomechanical requirements. The assessment of the proposedimplant site requires a very specific and accurate data. This could be accomplished by various imaging modalities starting from two-dimensional traditional radiographs to three-dimensional computed tomography and cone beam computed tomography. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of different imaging modalities, the type of imaging best suited at different time frames of implant placement and effective radiation dose to the patient in these imaging modalities

PAROTID SIALOLITHIASIS – A CASE REPORT WITH EMPHASIS ON DIAGNOSTIC AIDS

Sialoliths are calcified organic matter that forms within the secretory system of the major salivary glands. Salivary gland calculi account for the most common disease of the salivary glands, and may range from tiny particles to several centimetres in length. It is the most common cause of acute and chronic infections. While the majorities of salivary stones are asymptomatic or cause minimal discomfort, larger stones may interfere with the flow of saliva and cause pain and swelling. We are presenting the case of 52 years old male patient complains of swelling on the right side of the face since 2 months. The majority of sialoliths occur in the submandibular gland or its duct; here we are presenting a case of parotid glands with emphasis on diagnostic aids

Supplementary Material to Novel Mannich bases bearing pyrazolone moiety. Synthesis, characterization and electrochemical studies

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