Wideband Slotted Planar Inverted-F Antenna using Eccosorb MCS Absorber for Millimeter-Wave Applications

421-428This work investigates the performance enhancement of the slotted planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) using Eccosorb MCS absorber. In order to check the enhancement of the antenna performance, structure of the PIFA antenna with and without absorber has been analyzed. This antenna structure consists of two slots etched on the patch, which are placed at a height of 0.18λ0 from the substrate. We show that with the application of absorber, the radiation pattern can be transformed and produces the radiation beam in the desired direction. The proposed antenna is loaded with two layers of Eccosorb MCS absorber on the top of the substrate and with the other two layers below the substrate. Apart from providing radiation pattern in the desired direction, the antenna with absorber also provides wideband operation of 57.8 % bandwidth with high gain. The designs were first validated by simulations and then verified by measurements

Delay analysis of block coding over a noisy channel with limited feedback

Abstract-This work analyzes the average delay performance of block coding schemes when the arrival stream is stochastic. From classical Shannon Theory, it is known that communication is feasible at all rates strictly below capacity of a channel. However, this reliable scheme of communication is realized with unbounded coding length and hence average delay. This work considers the delay analysis of general block coding schemes over a noisy channel in presence of retransmission requests. Modeling the communication system as a queuing system with bulk service, an expected delay analysis is provided. The expected delay bits experience is then optimized by an appropriate choice of forward error correction scheme

Security and Privacy in Smart Farming: Challenges and Opportunities

Agriculture is basic source of livelihood of people in india. It plays major role in economy of country. But now a days due to migration of people from rural to urban there is hindrance in agriculture.Monitoring the environmental factor is not the complete solution to increase the yield of crops.There are number of factors that decrease the productivity to a great extent. Hence automation must be implemented in agriculture to overcome these problems.An automation Irrigation system there by saving time ,money and power of farmer.The traditional farm land irrigation techniques require manual intervention.With the automated technology of irrigation,the human intervention can be minimized.Continuous sensing and  monitoring of crops by convergence of sensors with Internet Of Things(IOT) and making farmers  aware about crops growth,harvest time periodically and in turn making high productivity of crops and also ensuring correct delivery of products to end,consumers at right place and right time. So to overcome this problem we go for smart agriculture  technique using IOT.This project includes sensors such as temperature,humidity,soil moisture for collection of field data and processed.These sensors are combined with well established web technology in the form of wireless sensor networks to remotely control and monitor data from the sensors.  &nbsp

Securing cloud-enabled smart cities by detecting intrusion using spark-based stacking ensemble of machine learning algorithms

With the use of cloud computing, which provides the infrastructure necessary for the efficient delivery of smart city services to every citizen over the internet, intelligent systems may be readily integrated into smart cities and communicate with one another. Any smart system at home, in a car, or in the workplace can be remotely controlled and directed by the individual at any time. Continuous cloud service availability is becoming a critical subscriber requirement within smart cities. However, these cost-cutting measures and service improvements will make smart city cloud networks more vulnerable and at risk. The primary function of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) has gotten increasingly challenging due to the enormous proliferation of data created in cloud networks of smart cities. To alleviate these concerns, we provide a framework for automatic, reliable, and uninterrupted cloud availability of services for the network data security of intelligent connected devices. This framework enables IDS to defend against security threats and to provide services that meet the users' Quality of Service (QoS) expectations. This study's intrusion detection solution for cloud network data from smart cities employed Spark and Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA). WEKA and Spark are linked and made scalable and distributed. The Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) storage advantages are combined with WEKA's Knowledge flow for processing cloud network data for smart cities. Utilizing HDFS components, WEKA's machine learning algorithms receive cloud network data from smart cities. This research utilizes the wrapper-based Feature Selection (FS) approach for IDS, employing both the Pigeon Inspired Optimizer (PIO) and the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). For classifying the cloud network traffic of smart cities, the tree-based Stacking Ensemble Method (SEM) of J48, Random Forest (RF), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) are applied. Performance evaluations of our system were conducted using the UNSW-NB15 and NSL-KDD datasets. Our technique is superior to previous works in terms of sensitivity, specificity, precision, false positive rate (FPR), accuracy, F1 Score, and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC)

Compact Dual-Band Zig Zag Shaped Implantable Antenna for Biomedical Devices

This paper presents a highly compact volume 12 mm3 Zig Zag-shaped implantable antenna for biomedical applications. The antenna performance is closely analyzed in terms of penetration depth, different human tissues, substrate materials, reflection coefficient, Impedance Bandwidth, directive gain, and SAR values. The three different models are analyzed for different resonating frequencies. It is found that the proposed antenna shows dual ISM bands (900 MHz to 970 MHz 2.36GHz to 2.49 GHz) with impedance bandwidth of 7.77 % and 5.5% respectively. The proposed implantable antenna is successfully fabricated and tested in skin mimicking gel (vitro model). The performance of the proposed antenna is enhanced by using a sorting pin and slots that provides dual ISM bands, an acceptable SAR of 856.3 W/KG, and a directive gain of -28.68 dBi. Parametric analysis of the proposed implantable antenna has been studied in detail. Simulated and fabricated results are compared and found almost simila

Evaluation of clinical outcomes in neuropathic pain with combinations of anti-neuropathic drugs

Background: Much of the pharmacological treatment modalities especially individual drugs for treating neuropathic pain have unwanted side effects, multiple day to day dosing, modest efficacy of topical treatments, and their local side effects. Combination drug regimen has the advantage of offering relatively better pain relief at lower drug doses and lesser side effects.Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Neurology at NRI General Hospital, Guntur. The patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled and assigned into 3 groups of the study drug combinations. The baseline characteristics and post interventional scores of Toronto Clinical Scoring System (TCSS), visual analogue scale (VAS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and Medical outcome of sleep scale (MOS) and were analyzed using t test and mean difference.Results: A statistically significant reduction in neuropathic pain in all the three groups was found. The mean difference between the baseline and post interventional scores of TCSS and VAS of group I, II and III were 2.97, 2.75, and 1.97; 2.32, 1.12, and 0.95 respectively. There was a statistically significant improvement of HAM-A in all the three groups, HAM-D and MOS sleep scale were found significant only in group II.Conclusions: The study findings revealed that all the three drug combinations were effective in the management of neuropathic pain with pregabalin and oxcarbazepine combination being better with respect to efficacy and tolerability. Regarding the treatment of depression and sleep disturbances associated with NP pregabalin and duloxetine was more effective