Nation Branding as an Economic Challenge for the Countries of the Middle and Eeast Europe on the Example of Estonia

This paper presents the topic of nation branding, which is considered as a complementary factor of the traditional economic policy implemented in a given country. The concept of branding aims at creating a strong national brand for improving the brands of national products, as well as the image of the country which influences the attraction of foreign direct investments and increase the export. The example of Estonia attempts to prove that the actions for national brand changed positively the image in this country, as well as the competitiveness of the economy. For this purpose the author used the ranking of national brand and international competitiveness. The author also set as a goal to recognize if the concept of nation branding can be useful for the other countries of Central and Eastern Europe, especially Poland. The conclusion of this paper is that nation branding is an economic challenge for these countries and should be implemented as soon as possible in their strategies of country’s development

The sustainable development paradigm versus land concentration processes

The main purpose of this article is to answer the question of whether structural changes in agriculture are consistent with the concept of sustainable development. The adopted assumption is that both agriculture and all rural areas should develop in accordance with the paradigm of sustainable development, which means there is a need to abandon the mainstream neoliberal paradigm which currently dominates the economy. The research draws on the results of the Agricultural Censuses carried out in Poland in the years 2010 and 2020. As the conducted research shows, the processes of land ownership concentration in Polish agriculture are advancing, leading to the emergence of industrial agriculture, but contradicting the paradigm of sustainable development. These processes, however, have been occurring in an uneven manner, with their scale and dynamics depending on historical determinants. The concentration processes are predominantly noticeable in western and northern Poland, whereas in south-eastern and central Poland their pace is slower. This may result in the formation of a dual model of agricultural development in Poland, in which, on the one hand, industrial agriculture will function by striving to increase competitiveness through higher productivity, and, on the other, sustainable agriculture will also develop (in south-eastern and central Poland). Avoiding such a division would require a change in the approach to agricultural policy, primarily in terms of adjusting the tools aimed at influencing agriculture to regional conditions

The Barriers Related to the Implementation of the Circular Economy in Poland

Aim: The main goal of the research was to identify barriers that arise on the path to implementing a circular economy in Poland and to propose solutions to reduce these barriers. Methodology: The research was conducted based on a critical analysis of the literature on the subject and survey research among companies engaged in environmental/waste-related activities, as well as among households. Results: The research results indicated that there is a completely different approach among companies and households regarding the barriers to implementing a circular economy. Implications and recommendations: A practical aspect of the discussed issues is the possibility of utilising the research results by the Ministry of Climate and Environment to shape policies in line with the European Green Deal. In order to overcome these barriers, institutional support is essential, both in financial, technological, legal, and educational aspects. Originality/value: Filling a research gap in the literature regarding the identification of barriers arising on the path to implementing a circular economy based on the example of Poland

The Climate Crisis as a Product of Globalization

Research background: the processes of globalization have led to an increasing interdependence and integration of states, societies, economies, and cultures, which result in the emergence of one world that produces the same products. However, little do people realize that global products have also a negative influence on the global economy. A clear example is the climate crisis, which can be treated as a product of globalization. Purpose of the article: therefore, the main aim of the paper is an attempt to answer the question: what is the impact of unlimited globalization processes on the climate crisis. The main hypothesis of the research is that the adoption of a degrowth model can effectively stop the negative effects of the climate crisis, which may lead to a global economic recession in the future. However, this will require inter-state simultaneous cooperation, because no single country can solve the climate problem separately. Methods: to confirm such a hypothesis, and to formulate the main findings, the method of critical analysis of the literature on climate and economic matters was used. Findings & Value added: the main added value of the paper is the synthetic forecast of the economic effects caused by global climate change. It may enrich the discussion about the effects of climate change through dissemination and acceptance of scientific knowledge. The negation of this knowledge, still frequently observed in public debates, may delay the implementation of urgent and necessary solutions

Prospects for the Development of the Demand for Carp in Poland among Young Consumers

Carp fishing economy in Poland has a centuries-old tradition. However, in the last decade, as a result of changes in global market trends, this industry has experienced stagnation. Still, the elimination of this niche industry may have painful consequences for the entire ecosystem and biodiversity. Hence, every effort should be made to protect and maintain the status quo. The aim of the article is an attempt to show that the development prospects for the carp market in Poland are limited, especially in the face of little interest in carp consumption by young adult consumers, who will create the demand for carp in the near future. The remedy may be to change the image of the carp together with a territorial marketing strategy that would be consistent with the preferences of the young generation. The research was conducted on the basis of a critical analysis of the literature of the subject, focus studies, questionnaires and a case study

National Brands and Their Impact on the Competitiveness of Economies

The paper is concerned with national brands as an example of soft economic factors influencing the international competitiveness of economies. National brands play an important role among these factors, the author says. Strong national brands help raise the country’s profile internationally and help attract foreign direct investment, stimulate tourism and increase exports. The article attempts to show that national brands positively impact international competitiveness. To this end, a descriptive model is used as a tool for examining the essence and nature of this relationship. The analyzed relationship was quantified with the use of Spearman’s rank correlation test using league tables of competitiveness and national brands as empirical material. The research shows that there is a statistical correlation between the level of macro-competitiveness and the strength of national brands, which the author says should encourage governments to invest in national brands as an indirect method of increasing the international competitiveness of their countries

Kraj jako marka handlowa

Country as a trade brandThe article explores the issue of national brands, pointing out its manifestations and possible benefits it can bring, treated as commercial brands, to a country on the global market. It presents also a historical context of branding national and a country brand equity. The author proves that creating a strong national brand could enhance a country position in the international area. Because of that reason it should be cared about national branding and a brand’s image of the country.Country as a trade brandThe article explores the issue of national brands, pointing out its manifestations and possible benefits it can bring, treated as commercial brands, to a country on the global market. It presents also a historical context of branding national and a country brand equity. The author proves that creating a strong national brand could enhance a country position in the international area. Because of that reason it should be cared about national branding and a brand’s image of the country

The Importance of Price in Poland’s Carp Market

Poland is one of Europe’s key carp producers. However, its main consumption (80–90% of sales) is concentrated during the Christmas period. In addition, the marginal sale of fish outside the core season does not allow producers to extend the period for generating revenues. Price is one of the essential factors for determining the behavior of both producers and consumers. In this context, our research addressed the role of price on Poland’s carp market, approaching it as a specific product due to its nature and Polish tradition. Moreover, an attempt was made to indicate the existing correlations between quality factors and the price of carp. The problem of price was examined primarily from the consumer’s perspective. Nevertheless, a simplified simulation of the effect of price on supply was also performed, especially with regard to the development of direct sales. The source material was obtained through a survey conducted among the consumers from Wroclaw, the main urban center of Lower Silesia, located a short distance from the largest complex of carp fishponds in Poland. The research results were statistically processed in the Statistica program. The findings, however, did not confirm that price was a factor in determining the purchasing behavior of consumers in Poland’s carp market. Non-price factors related to consumer tastes and preferences (seasonality of demand) played a much greater role. Therefore, the efforts aimed at restoring balance on the analyzed market should be focused on enhancing consumers’ perception of carp as a high-quality fish presenting health oriented qualities