Frequency of pyrexia among women presenting with premature rupture of membranes

Background: Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is defined as the rupture of fetal membranes before the onset of labor. PROM complicates 8 – 10% of pregnancies, contributing to maternal and perinatel mortality and morbidity. Maternal pyrexia is a sign observed in women with PROM indicating intrauterine infection.  Objective: To determine the frequency of pyrexia among women presenting with premature rupture of membranes. Material And Methods:  Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. It was a Descriptive (cross-sectional) study conducted from Jan 13, 2O16 to July 12, 2016. Sample size was 369, keeping 4% proportion of pyrexia among women with PROM, 95% confidence interval and 2% margin of error under WHO sample size calculation. Sampling Technique was non-probability consecutive sampling Results: In this study, 369 women with premature rupture of membranes were observed. Average age was 29.53+6.3SD. The pyrexia among women presenting with premature rupture of membranes was observed in 10.57 %. Conclusion: Maternal pyrexia after PROM is more common in older women

Facile fabrication of nano zerovalent iron and granular activated carbon for enhanced nitrate removal from water

ABSTRACTNitrate contamination of groundwater has become a serious threat to the environmental health. In this study, nano zerovalent iron (nZVI) and granular activated carbon (GAC) were fabricated and characterized by some advanced analytical techniques including SEM, BET, XRD, and FTIR to investigate their structural properties. Batch experiments were conducted for the adsorption of nitrate from water. The effect of various parameters including pH, adsorbent dose, initial nitrate concentration, and contact time was investigated. The nZVI showed maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 104.20 mg/g for nitrate at optimum conditions (pH 2, initial concentration 50 ppm, adsorbent dose 3.75 g/L at room temperature), while GAC has shown qmax 81.07 mg/g at optimum conditions (pH 6, initial concentration 50 ppm, adsorbent dose 3.75 g/L at room temperature). Equilibrium data of nitrate adsorption by nZVI and GAC followed the Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.999) and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. ANOVA and RCBD approaches were used to evaluate and check the significant level of various parameters