APPLICATION OF COST-EFFECTIVE ADSORBENTS AGAINST THE REMOVAL OF DYE INDIGO CARMINE

Elimination of Indigo carmine color by adsorption method on eggshell (ESP), date palm seeds (DPS) and papaya seeds powder (PSP) from watery arrangement was researched. The examination done by following group mode strategies, for example, dose mg/g, pH, focus, contact time and speed rpm separately. The surface reading examined through; FTIR-Fourier change electron microscopy, SEM-Scanning electron microscopy and EDS-Energy dispersive x-beam investigation. Best adsorption follows dynamic pseudo – second request motor plots. Adsorption isotherms best fitted in Langmuir and Freundlich plots. Results pronounced that most extreme expulsion of color was accomplished at powerful portion for ESP is 500mg, DPSP 100mg while for PSP is 80mg at enhanced pH3, utilizing 50mg/l convergence of color, contact time and 100speed rpm study performed at room temperature

Assessment of Homemade Liquor " Tharra " Quality by GC-FID and its Potential Impacts on Human Health

International audienceThe unsafe use of alcohol causes many diseases that lead to social and economic burden in societies. In Pakistan due to limited access, inflated prices of standard alcohol and ban on use of alcoholic products for Muslims, the illegal Liquors " Tharra " production at domestic level is on the rise. The liquor (Tharra) contain many impurities and is often injurious to health. This study examines the impact of consumption of unsafe liquor on socioeconomic and health context in Pakistan by using primary data obtained through filling of suitably designed questionnaires and finding out quality of homemade liquor samples collected from local Bathas. The data was collected by taking representative samples consisting of males from age groups 14 to onwards. The participants were enrolled using CAGE (screening tool. Our data revealed that majority of middle age group (57%) was involved in liquor " Tharra " drinking (36-45 years and 26 – 35 years). More participants (63%) were found representing Hindu religion, followed by Muslims (31%) with few Christian (5%) in the studied area. Almost in all samples the alcoholic strength exceeded by safe volume limit (20%). All other analyzed constituents of the samples (e.g.methanol, acetaldehyde, higher alcohols, esters, metals, anions) were found in concentrations that poses serious threat to public health. It seems impossible for the government to subsidize its prices or lift ban on the use and purchase of standard alcohol products due to social and religious reasons. However, the government needs to reinforce the laws governing sale of methylated spirits for industrial and commercial use

Assessment of Homemade Liquor "Tharra" Quality by GC-FID and its Potential Impacts on Human Health

The unsafe use of alcohol causes many diseases that lead to social and economic burden in societies. In Pakistan due to limited access, inflated prices of standard alcohol and ban on use of alcoholic products for Muslims, the illegal Liquors “Tharra” production at domestic level is on the rise. The liquor (Tharra) contain many impurities and is often injurious to health. This study examines the impact of consumption of unsafe liquor on socio-economic and health context in Pakistan by using primary data obtained through filling of suitably designed questionnaires and finding out quality of homemade liquor samples collected from local Bathas. The data was collected by taking representative samples consisting of males from age groups 14 to onwards. The participants were enrolled using CAGE (screening tool. Our data revealed that majority of middle age group (57%) was involved in liquor “Tharra” drinking (36- 45 years and 26 – 35 years). More participants (63%) were found representing Hindu religion, followed by Muslims (31%) with few Christian (5%) in the studied area. Almost in all samples the alcoholic strength exceeded by safe volume limit (20%). All other analyzed constituents of the samples (e.g.methanol, acetaldehyde, higher alcohols, esters, metals, anions) were found in concentrations that poses serious threat to public health. It seems impossible for the government to subsidize its prices or lift ban on the use and purchase of standard alcohol products due to social and religious reasons. However, the government needs to reinforce the laws governing sale of methylated spirits for industrial and commercial use