Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) in childhood: surgical treatment by maintaining the tooth germs

Introduction: Central Giant Cell Granuloma (CGCG) is a nonneoplasticbenign process, of unknown etiology, more common in children and young adults. When aggressive, the lesion may result in considerable bone destruction and deformation. Oral and Maxillofacial surgery strongly depends on the nature of injury and it may vary from more conservative to more aggressive approach. Case report: The aim of the present study is to report and analyze, a giant cellcentral lesion in a 7-year-old patient on the right side of mandible body treated by surgical enucleation, curettage, and maintenance of the tooth germs. Discussion: In less aggressive lesions, curettage followed by radiographic monitoring is the most widely suggested treatment choice. However, the “gold standard” for aggressive and deforming lesions would be en-bloc resection with a safety margin. Most revisions show recurrence rates of 15 to 20%, thus clinicalmonitoring is necessary at least one year after the intervention. Conclusion: After 12 months, panoramic radiograph and computed tomography indicated new bone formation and no recurrence. In addition, good healing of soft tissues and correct eruption of the teeth #42, #43 and #44 were observed.Introduction: Central Giant Cell Granuloma (CGCG) is a nonneoplasticbenign process, of unknown etiology, more common in children and young adults. When aggressive, the lesion may result in considerable bone destruction and deformation. Oral and Maxillofacial surgery strongly depends on the nature of injury and it may vary from more conservative to more aggressive approach. Case report: The aim of the present study is to report and analyze, a giant cellcentral lesion in a 7-year-old patient on the right side of mandible body treated by surgical enucleation, curettage, and maintenance of the tooth germs. Discussion: In less aggressive lesions, curettage followed by radiographic monitoring is the most widely suggested treatment choice. However, the “gold standard” for aggressive and deforming lesions would be en-bloc resection with a safety margin. Most revisions show recurrence rates of 15 to 20%, thus clinicalmonitoring is necessary at least one year after the intervention. Conclusion: After 12 months, panoramic radiograph and computed tomography indicated new bone formation and no recurrence. In addition, good healing of soft tissues and correct eruption of the teeth #42, #43 and #44 were observed

Produtividade de genótipos de mandioca em função de dose de fósforo no município de Gurupi-TO / Productivity of cassava genotypes as a function of phosphorus dose in the municipality of Gurupi-TO

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de produtividade em função de doses de fósforos em duas cultivares de mandioca, de mesa  “Pão” e “Cacau melhorada”, O modelo adotado foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 4 em quatro repetições, sendo o primeiro fator cultivares e o segundo fator, doses de P2O5 ( 0, 60, 120, 180, 240 kg ha-1 ), na forma de Super Simples, colocado no plantio. Plantando as variedades em parcelas de 5 X 5 metros em sistema de plantio convencional (SPC). O plantio foi em cova com espaçamento de 0,90 m e 1,0 m. Os dados gerados a partir do sistema computacional sisvar. Os parâmetros analisados foram Altura de plantas, produtividade de raízes tuberosas, produção da parte aérea, produtividade de raízes é quantidade de raízes tuberosas Percentagem de matéria seca (MS) nas raízes tuberosas, determinado pelo método da balança hidrostática, e índice de colheita (IC%) As doses de fosforo influenciou positivamente e diferentemente nas características avaliadas das cultivares Pão e Cacau. 

Application of a thermodynamic theory in the study of a high level cyclonic vortex over the northeast of Brazil.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal simular um evento de Vórtice Ciclônico de Altos Níveis (VCAN) ocorrido sobre o Nordeste do Brasil e aplicar a teoria da máquina térmica com o intuito de analisar um dos mecanismos de manutenção desses sistemas. A teoria da máquina térmica, baseada na segunda lei da termodinâmica, foi utilizada para calcular a diferença de pressão existente entre dois pontos localizados na área do VCAN, o centro e a periferia, respectivamente. O modelo Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (BRAMS) simulou bem o evento ocorrido no período de 10 a 21 de janeiro de 2011, mostrando uma maior intensidade deste evento no período de 16 a 19 de janeiro de 2011. As variáveis meteorológicas analisadas, velocidade vertical, precipitação e temperatura potencial equivalente, mostraram-se intensos nos primeiros dias analisados, sendo observado um enfraquecimento e, logo em seguida, uma intensificação. A teoria da máquina térmica apresentou-se como uma ferramenta capaz de ser utilizada no estudo dos VCANs, mostrando boa concordância com as simulações realizadas com o modelo.In this work we study an upper-tropospheric cyclonic vortex (UTCV) that occurred on Northeast Brazil. We used the heat-engine theory to analyze one of the mechanisms responsible for the maintenance of these systems. The heat-engine theory based on the second law of thermodynamics was used to estimate the pressure drop between two points located at the vortex´s center and periphery respectively. The Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (BRAMS) model simulated quite well an UTVC that occurred between 10 and 21 January 2011. We analyzed the time period between 16 and 19 January for the vortex presented a better configuration during these days. Through the analyze of some meteorological variables, namely vertical velocity, precipitation and equivalent potential temperature, we could see that the vortex is intense at the beginning, then weakens, and intensifies again at the end of the analyzed period. We concluded that the heat-engine theory is a powerful tool for studying UTVC since its results show good agreement with the model results.Cape

Future scenarios of climate change and impacts of human thermal comfort in urbanized areas

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Geociências, Pós-Graduação em Geociências Aplicadas, 2017.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os impactos das mudanças climáticas no grau de conforto e/ou desconforto térmico, sentido pela população de áreas urbanas da Região Nordeste do Brasil. Para a realização deste estudo, foram utilizados dados das 96 estações meteorológicas convencionais do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET), distribuída por toda região de estudo. Inicialmente, procurou-se mostrar o comportamento das variáveis meteorológicas temperatura e precipitação, desde o ano de 1961 ao ano de 2014, por meio índices que avaliam tendências de ocorrência de extremos climáticos, Os impactos das mudanças climáticas foi investigado com base na média dos resultados de quatro modelos climáticos globais, ECHAM5-OM, HADGEM2-ES, BCM2 e o CNRMCM3, para dois cenários de emissões de gases de efeito estufa, A1B e A2 que tiveram suas projeções futuras regionalizadas para o período 2021-2080 com o emprego da técnica de downscaling estatístico. Para avaliar o conforto/desconforto térmico, utilizouse o Índice de Desconforto de Kawamura (IDK), onde foi possível fazer uma avaliação das consequências das mudanças climáticas, no grau de conforto/desconforto térmico na região Nordeste, por meio de uma análise futura para esse índice. Por fim, por meio do uso da técnica de sensoriamento remoto, tentou-se identificar ilhas de calor em áreas urbanas pré-selecionadas, assim como, avaliar se houve expansão da mancha urbana e o comportamento do conforto térmico humano nessas áreas. Os resultados encontrados permitiram concluir que: (i) Por meio do uso de índices que avaliam tendências de extremos, durante os anos de 1961 a 2014, houve uma diminuição significativas das chuvas em toda a região e, também, aumento das temperaturas, tanto máximas como mínimas; (ii) Poderá haver redução da precipitação nos respectivos períodos chuvosos das sub-regiões do Nordeste, aumento das temperaturas máximas no primeiro semestre e diminuição em extensas áreas do setor norte do Nordeste em meses do segundo semestre, principalmente para o cenário A2. Para as temperaturas mínimas os resultados apontam para tendência de aumento em todo o ano com destaque para os meses de inverno, em toda a região; (iii) As análises dos cenários do IDK apontam para um aumento de dias com desconforto pelo calor entre 2021 e 2080. A principal tendência de aumento se dá na segunda metade desse período, entre 2051 e 2080. Na porção norte do Nordeste deve predominar dias com desconforto pelo calor já entre 2021 e 2050. Na porção leste a prevalência de dias com desconforto pelo calor se dá no período de 2051 a 2080, e na parte centro-oeste da região, que no período de referência, registrou menos de 1% dos dias com desconforto pelo calor, deve entre 2021 a 2050 ter 7% dos seus dias nessa classificação, atingindo 48% dos dias desconfortáveis pelo calor; (iv) Por meio do uso dos satélites Landsat 5 e 8, na banda termal, foi possível identificar ilhas de calor na áreas pré-selecionadas, por meio da obtenção da temperatura de superfície. Para o IDK, apesar desse índice, de forma geral, apresentar a situação de conforto, para algumas áreas foram observados situações de desconforto e estresse térmico devido ao calor, principalmente, no ano de 2016. O uso de dados observados fez-se necessário com o intuito em corroborar com as informações dos satélites.The objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of climate change on the degree of comfort and/or thermal discomfort felt by the population of urban areas of the Northeast Region of Brazil. For this study, data from the 96 meteorological stations of the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), distributed throughout the study region, were used. Initially, it was tried to show the behavior of the meteorological variables temperature and precipitation, from the year of 1961 to the year 2014, through indices that evaluate trends of occurrence of climatic extremes. The impacts of climate change were investigated based on the average of the results of four global climate models, ECHAM5-OM, HADGEM2-ES, BCM2 and CNRM-CM3, for two scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions, A1B and A2, which had their future projections regionalized for the period 2021-2080 with employment Statistical downscaling technique. In order to evaluate thermal comfort/discomfort, the Kawamura Discomfort Index (IDK) was used, where it was possible to evaluate the consequences of climatic changes in the degree of thermal comfort/discomfort in the Northeast region, through a future analysis For this index. Finally, through the use of the remote sensing technique, it was tried to identify heat islands in pre-selected urban areas, as well as to evaluate if there was an expansion of the urban spot and the behavior of the human thermal comfort in these areas. The results showed that: (i) Through the use of indices that evaluate extreme trends, during the years 1961 to 2014, there was a significant decrease in rainfall throughout the region, as well as an increase in both maximum temperatures As minimums; (ii) There may be a reduction in precipitation in the respective rainy periods of the northeastern subregions, an increase in maximum temperatures in the first semester, and a decrease in large areas of the northern Northeast sector in the second half of the year, mainly in scenario A2. For the minimum temperatures, the results show a tendency to increase throughout the year, with emphasis on the winter months, throughout the region; (iii) Analyzes of the IDK scenarios point to an increase in days with heat discomfort between 2021 and 2080. The main trend of increase is in the second half of this period, between 2051 and 2080. In the northern part of the Northeast, With discomfort from the heat already between 2021 and 2050. In the eastern part the prevalence of days with heat discomfort occurs in the period from 2051 to 2080, and in the central-western part of the region, which in the reference period, recorded less than 1% Of the days with heat discomfort, should between 2021 and 2050 have 7% of their days in this classification, reaching 48% of the days uncomfortable by the heat; (iv) Using the Landsat 5 and 8 satellites in the thermal band, it was possible to identify heat islands in the pre-selected areas by obtaining the surface temperature. For IDK, in spite of this index, in general, to present the comfort situation, for some areas were observed situations of discomfort and heat stress due to heat, mainly in the year 2016. The use of observed data was necessary with the intention to corroborate with the information of the satellites

Aplicação de uma teoria termodinâmica no estudo de um Vórtice Ciclônico de Altos Níveis sobre o nordeste do Brasil

Este estudo teve como objetivo principal aplicar a teoria da máquina térmica em um evento de Vórtice Ciclônico de Altos Níveis (VCAN), ocorrido sobre o Nordeste do Brasil com o intuito de analisar um dos mecanismos de manutenção desse tipo de sistema. A teoria da máquina térmica, baseada na segunda lei da termodinâmica, foi utilizada para calcular a diferença de pressão existente entre dois pontos localizados no centro e na periferia do VCAN. O modelo Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (BRAMS) conseguiu representar bem o evento ocorrido no período de 10 a 21 de janeiro de 2011, mostrando uma maior intensidade deste evento no período de 16 a 19 de janeiro de 2011. A teoria da máquina térmica apresentou-se como uma ferramenta capaz de ser utilizada no estudo dos VCANs, mostrando boa concordância com as simulações realizadas com o modelo

Cenários futuros de mudanças climáticas aplicados ao índice de conforto térmico para o nordeste do Brasil

<p>Foi analisado um índice de conforto térmico para dois cenários de mudanças climáticas, A1B e A2, a partir das séries de temperaturas e precipitação obtidas para a região Nordeste, por meio de regionalização obtida por downscaling estatístico, de quatro modelos climáticos globais. Trabalhou-se com a média dos modelos para cálculo do índice que foi validado por meio do cálculo a partir de observações no período de referência de 1961 a 1990. O índice foi analisado para três regiões homogêneas do Nordeste, e os resultados apontam para um aumento de dias com desconforto pelo calor entre 2021 e 2080. A principal tendência de aumento se dá na segunda metade desse período, entre 2051 e 2080. Na porção norte do Nordeste deve predominar dias com desconforto pelo calor já entre 2021 e 2050. Na porção leste a prevalência de dias com desconforto pelo calor se dá no período de 2051 a 2080, e na parte centro-oeste da região, que no período de referência, registrou menos de 1% dos dias com desconforto pelo calor, deve entre 2021 a 2050 ter 7% dos seus dias nessa classificação, atingindo 48% dos dias desconfortáveis pelo calor entre 2051 e 2080.</p

Electroencephalogram In Intensive Care Unit

Introduction: The electroencephalogram (EEG) is the electrophysiological recording of synaptic activation of a lot of pyramidal neurons of the cerebral cortex. The applicability of the EEG in the diagnostic investigation of central nervous system diseases (CNS) such as epilepsy was readily established and widespread.Objectives: Know the main findings and EEG indications in a intensive care unit, trace the epidemiological profile of ICU patients, and correlate EEG findings to possible changes in therapy.Method: Descriptive and retrospective study conducted in the ICU of Hospital Medical Center Maranhense analyzing all EEG conducted from October 2011 to October 2012.Results: 35 EEG were analyzed in 29 patients. Of these patients, 1758.6% were male and 12-41.4% were female. In our study we found that the cerebrovascular accident was the clinical condition most often observed, corresponding to 28.5% (brain hemorrhagic stroke - 17.1% and ischemic stroke - 11.4%), followed by traumatic brain injury (17.1%), severe sepsis (17.1%), other causes (14.3%), toxic-metabolic encephalopathy (11.4%), and Status epilepticus (11.4%). Coma was present in (11.4%) and only 2.9% had EEG to assess post-PCR. We found a disorganized background activity (35 - 100%), the asymmetrical pattern is found in 21 (60%) and symmetrical in 14 (40%) The presence of epileptiform discharges was identified in 12 (34.2%). A change of therapy occurred in 8 (22.9%) patients who underwent electroencephalographic examination.Conclusion: We note that the indications responsible for electroencephalographic monitoring on the edge of the bed were frequently altered level of consciousness and seizures. Before electroencephalographic patterns analyzed by the study, we realized that in all tests the background activity was disorganized and there was a significant incidence of epileptiform discharges

Performance Assessment of Different Precipitation Databases (Gridded Analyses and Reanalyses) for the New Brazilian Agricultural Frontier: SEALBA

Since the early 2000s, Brazil has been one of the world’s leading grain producers, with agribusiness accounting for around 28% of the Brazilian GDP in 2021. Substantial investments in research, coupled with the expansion of arable areas, owed to the advent of new agriculture frontiers, led the country to become the world’s greatest producer of soybean. One of the newest agricultural frontiers to be emerging in Brazil is the one known as SEALBA, an acronym that refers to the three Brazilian states whose areas it is comprised of—Sergipe, Alagoas, and Bahia—all located in the Northeast region of the country. It is an extensive area with a favorable climate for the production of grains, including soybeans, with a rainy season that takes place in autumn/winter, unlike the Brazilian regions that are currently the main producers of these kinds of crops, in which the rainfall regime has the wet period concentrated in spring/summer. Considering that precipitation is the main determinant climatic factor for crops, the scarcity of weather stations in the SEALBA region poses an obstacle to an accurate evaluation of the actual feasibility of the region to a given crop. Therefore, the aim of this work was to carry out an assessment of the performance of four different precipitation databases of alternative sources to observations: two from gridded analyses, MERGE and CHIRPS, and the other two from ECMWF reanalyses, ERA5, and ERA5Land, and by comparing them to observational records from stations along the region. The analysis was based on a comparison with data from seven weather stations located in SEALBA, in the period 2001–2020, through three dexterity indices: the mean absolute error (MAE), the root mean squared errors (RMSE), and the coefficient of Pearson’s correlation (r), showing that the gridded analyzes performed better than the reanalyses, with MERGE showing the highest correlations and the lowest errors (global average r between stations of 0.96, followed by CHIRPS with 0.85, ERA5Land with 0.83, and ERA5 with 0.70; average MAE 14.3 mm, followed by CHIRPS with 21.3 mm, ERA5Land with 42.1 mm and ERA5 with 50.1 mm; average RMSE between stations of 24.6 mm, followed by CHIRPS with 50.8 mm, ERA5Land with 62.3 mm and ERA5 with 71.4 mm). Since all databases provide up-to-date data, our findings indicate that, for any research that needs a complete daily precipitation dataset for the SEALBA region, preference should be given to use the data in the following order of priority: MERGE, CHIRPS, ERA5Land, and ERA5