Antecedentes normativos específicos del coordinador de seguridad y salud en España. 1ª etapa 1900-1939

Realmente la figura del coordinador de seguridad y salud, con tal nombre y apellidos, debe aparecer por primera vez en España el día veinticinco de diciembre de 1997, debido a la entrada en vigor del RD 1627/1997,por el que se establecen disposiciones mínimas de seguridad y salud en obras de CONSTRUCCION. (boe nº 256 25/10/1997). Dicho Real Decreto proviene de la transposición a la Normativa española de la directiva europea específica en el sector de prevención en la construcción, Directiva 92/57/CEE del Consejo de 24.06.1992 relativa a las disposiciones mínimas de seguridad y de salud que deben aplicarse en las obras de construcción temporales o móviles (8ª específica). ¿Pero esta figura descrita existía con anterioridad de una u otra manera?. Para su contestación, se debe recurrir a un estudio pormenorizado de todas las figuras preventivas o paliativas que han rondado por los trabajos de construcción y afines, lo que conlleva a su vez un intenso estudio referente a las distintas épocas acaecidas en el siglo XX en nuestro país, con sus normativas de referencia, tipología de trabajos, diferentes actividades con diferentes políticas y dirigentes. Con el presente estudio, se pretenden definir los previos normativos (específicos preventivos en construcción) existentes durante el periodo comprendido entre 1900 y 1939, y definir si dentro del mismo podemos obtener un antecedente Normativo específico referente a la figura estudiada

Estudio del desarrollo e implementación de las tecnologías BIM en las universidades españolas

El empleo de la metodología BIM (Building Information Model ing), aunque poco a poco va abriéndose paso entre profesiona les y estudiantes universitarios, sigue estando poco exten dido en España. Todas las partes involucradas en el proceso edificatorio en España coinciden en señalar que el uso de metodologías BIM es el futuro, pero en la mayoría de países de nuestro entorno,ya es presente. La mejor forma para la integración de esta tecnología en el mundo profesional es su implantación, como materia obligatoria, en los planes universitarios. Al igual que los sistemas CAD evolucionaron inevitablemente desde el mundo laboral hasta su implantación educativa, el desarrollo de nuevos grados universitarios innovadores y la paulatina adaptación de los existentes, todo ello en el marco de una estrecha conexión con la realidad del mercado laboral existente y el apoyo de empresas tecnológicas involucradas, demandará una implantación satisfactoria de los modelos BIM. La tecnología BIM se desarrolla como una evolución natural del CAD a través de esta transformación. Se pasa de trabajar con elementos que interactúan entre sí, pero sin una vinculación real, un único modelo virtual basado en objetos que compila, no sólo los parámetros geométricos del edificio, sino todos los que lo definen: materiales, volumen, instalaciones, estructuras, mediciones y presupuesto. En resumen, el profesional no dibuja con líneas, como se podría hacer con otras aplicaciones informáticas, sino que trabaja directamente con elementos arquitectónicos. De esta manera el conocimiento de plataformas BIM para el desarrollo de proyectos de arquitectura e ingeniería, se convertirá en un activo que formará parte del perfil universitario de los nuevos graduados y se impondrá en los estudios profesionales de manera paulatina

Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash stabilization and immovilization into sulfoaluminate cement mortars: physical/mechanical behaviour

The first objective of the research aims to transform the waste formed mainly by calcium hydroxide and calcium hydroxychloride into another limy type material (calcium carbonate material). This is achieved by transforming the high soluble heavy metals chlorides into low soluble carbonates. The second objective focuses on the stabilization and use of this MSWI fly ash as part of the aggregates used in the production of cement mortars. Previous studies emphasize that the mechanical strength of mortars elaborated with Portland cements and the incorporation of fly ash as a partial substitute for the aggregate were significantly affected when compared to the reference mortars. On the contrary,the use of sulfoaluminate cements (CSA) has been demonstrated to be a highly effective way to safely encapsulate hazardous materials without affecting mechanical strength. In addition, CSA was also chosen due to the perception that sulphur content would make the precipitation of heavy metals in the form of sulphides easier

Inertización y valorización de cenizas volantes de residuos sólidos urbanos para la fabricación de morteros de cemento

This article expands upon the results of previous research into inerting fly ash from urban solid waste and its encapsulation in mortar matrices. Given the heterogeneous composition of the MSWIFA, it was decided to replicate the inerting process with NaHCO3 in order to prove its efficiency. The results are conclusive, reducing the chloride content by close to 99%. Mortars were produced using two different types of cement (CEM-I and CSA) and incorporating treated fly ash using a substitution percentage of 10% in weight of the aggregate used. The physical and mechanical properties have been obtained through workability, dimensional stability, density and mechanical strength tests. The conclusions drawn are that CSA mortars containing inerted fly ash and coarser aggregates (0/4) improve the reference compressive strengths by more than 11% while bending resistance remains unaltered. These types of mortar also have a reduced workability period and better dimensional stability than the reference mortars and those containing fine aggregates (0/2)

The architectural drawing: a method of building analysis, a study of unique buildings

The aim of this educational innovation project is the study of the interesting building. In this case the exercises are focused in those similar tasks being currently performed by professionals. The detailed study of a building makes easier the understanding of it, as well as to analyze the building in all its dimensions. First of all, an initial assessment about knowledge and skills of the new students will be performed for the purpose of achieving an optimal adaptation. 1.-The Goals are: Study and analysis of interesting buildings ; Building as a study element for the future professionals in Building ; Analysis of the building elements like educational models, and documentation to be issued for educational purposes. 2. Description of the project and outcome phases Actions: An architectural survey (elevations and sections) of the Unique buildings will be produced ; - The selected buildings will be a nalyzed by producing the plans. Our plan is to use these types of activities to make the students perform similar works to those performed by professionals. In order to encourage the student s to participate in the educational process the following activities are proposed: a) With the aim students can get a better understanding on their achievements we address: - To do a self assessment; -To evaluate the exercises of other mates; -To comment corrections in public presentations; b) To motivate students for documenting the different topics of the subject program ; c) To identify practical exercises; d) To produce practical exercises; e) To increase the awareness of the students at the required exigency level as well as to be aware of their own failures; f) To gain a clear view of the objectives; g) To get a higher level of involvement and participation by the students; h) To acquire skills on finding and selecting, with valuable criteria the useful sources of information; i) To propose the elaboration of a monographic work to be realized in a team of students; j) To computerize the studied models for their publication in the existing educational platforms for the students. A subsequent application of them in the learning program of the Architectural Drawing I and II subjects ; k) To produce open information repositories to be available in the educational platforms. 3. Expected results: To improve and promote the team work in order to increase the exchange of knowledge’s and promote the integration of students in their future professional life. Incorporation of new t echnologies in the learning by: Applying new educational and assessment methodologies to be applied to the students and their works. We intend to continue progressing towards the convergence to the European Space of Higher Education. - The study of singular buildings and their realization on technical drawings by using learning systems with progressive difficulty level; This will allow extending the exercises in the program subject in the area of technical drawing systems and plans survey. This will help the student to know his city and is excellent way of helping us to bring students closer to the professional work, and thus making easier access to a job. What it is the fundamental objective of the university studies

The architectural drawing: a method of building analysis, a study of unique buildings

The aim of this educational innovation project is the study of the interesting building. In this case the exercises are focused in those similar tasks being currently performed by professionals. The detailed study of a building makes easier the understanding of it, as well as to analyze the building in all its dimensions. First of all, an initial assessment about knowledge and skills of the new students will be performed for the purpose of achieving an optimal adaptation. 1.-The Goals are: Study and analysis of interesting buildings ; Building as a study element for the future professionals in Building ; Analysis of the building elements like educational models, and documentation to be issued for educational purposes. 2. Description of the project and outcome phases Actions: An architectural survey (elevations and sections) of the Unique buildings will be produced ; - The selected buildings will be a nalyzed by producing the plans. Our plan is to use these types of activities to make the students perform similar works to those performed by professionals. In order to encourage the student s to participate in the educational process the following activities are proposed: a) With the aim students can get a better understanding on their achievements we address: - To do a self assessment; -To evaluate the exercises of other mates; -To comment corrections in public presentations; b) To motivate students for documenting the different topics of the subject program ; c) To identify practical exercises; d) To produce practical exercises; e) To increase the awareness of the students at the required exigency level as well as to be aware of their own failures; f) To gain a clear view of the objectives; g) To get a higher level of involvement and participation by the students; h) To acquire skills on finding and selecting, with valuable criteria the useful sources of information; i) To propose the elaboration of a monographic work to be realized in a team of students; j) To computerize the studied models for their publication in the existing educational platforms for the students. A subsequent application of them in the learning program of the Architectural Drawing I and II subjects ; k) To produce open information repositories to be available in the educational platforms. 3. Expected results: To improve and promote the team work in order to increase the exchange of knowledge’s and promote the integration of students in their future professional life. Incorporation of new t echnologies in the learning by: Applying new educational and assessment methodologies to be applied to the students and their works. We intend to continue progressing towards the convergence to the European Space of Higher Education. - The study of singular buildings and their realization on technical drawings by using learning systems with progressive difficulty level; This will allow extending the exercises in the program subject in the area of technical drawing systems and plans survey. This will help the student to know his city and is excellent way of helping us to bring students closer to the professional work, and thus making easier access to a job. What it is the fundamental objective of the university studies

Impact of Remote Monitoring on Standardized Outcomes in Nephrology-Peritoneal Dialysis

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the association between the use of remote patient monitoring (RPM) in patients on automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) and the Standardized Outcomes in Nephrology in peritoneal dialysis (SONG-PD) clinical outcomes. Methods: A prospective and multicenter cohort study was conducted on patients with advanced chronic kidney disease on APD, recruited at 16 Spanish Hospitals, between June 1 and December 31, 2021. Patients were divided into 2 cohorts, namely patients on APD with RPM (APD-RPM) and patients on APD without RPM. The primary endpoints were the standardized outcomes of the SONG-PD clinical outcomes: PD-associated infection, cardiovascular disease (CVD), mortality rate, technique survival, and life participation (assessed as health-related quality of life [QoL]). Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to evaluate the association of RPM exposure with the clinical outcomes. Results: A total of 232 patients were included, 176 (75.9%) in the APD-RPM group and 56 (24.1%) in the APD-without-RPM group. The mean patient follow-up time was significantly longer in the APD-RPM group than in the APD-without-RPM group (10.4 ± 2.8 vs. 9.4 ± 3.1 months, respectively; P = 0.02). In the overall study sample, the APD-RPM group was associated with a lower mortality rate (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.08; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01 to 0.69; P = 0.020) and greater technique survival rate (HR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.59; P = 0.001). After PSM, APD-RPM continued to be associated with better technique survival (HR: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.83; P = 0.024). Conclusion: The use of RPM programs in patients on APD was associated with better survival of the technique and lower mortality rates. However, after PSM, only technique survival was significant

Mechanical Behavior of Plaster Composites Based on Rubber Particles from End-of-Life Tires Reinforced with Carbon Fibers

The principal objective of this research project is the disposal of end-of-life tire rubber waste and its incorporation in gypsum composites. As a continuation of previous projects, which established a reduction in the mechanical properties of the resulting products, the behavior of these composites is analyzed with the incorporation of carbon fibers. The density, Shore C hardness, flexural strength, compressive strength, dynamic modulus of elasticity, strength–strain curves, toughness and resistance values and microstructure of the material are studied and compared. The results obtained show a significant increase in the mechanical tensile strength of all of the samples containing fibers. The moduli of elasticity results show a decrease in rigidity and increase in toughness and resistance of the material produced by incorporating the fibers. An optimum dosage of a water/gypsum ratio of 0.6 and incorporation of 1.5% carbon fibers is proposed. This lightweight material, which offers a high mechanical performance, features characteristics which are suitable for large prefabricated building elements in the form of panels or boards

Optimización de la figura del técnico coordinador de seguridad y salud en obras de edificación

La figura del Coordinador de seguridad y salud, como técnico necesario y competente dentro de la actividad edificatoria, surge en España el día 25 de diciembre de 1997, dos meses después de la publicación del Real Decreto 1627/1997, de 24 de octubre, por el que se establecen las disposiciones mínimas de seguridad y salud en las obras de construcción (BOE sábado 25 de octubre de 1997). Dicha figura proviene de la trasposición española de la Directiva 92/57/CEE y como en nuestro país, los diferentes estados miembros de la Unión Europea la introducen en su sector de la construcción de diferentes maneras. Desde su concreta aparición ya han transcurrido casi dieciocho años. Esta “mayoría de edad” relativa a la presencia de los coordinadores dentro de las obras, puede considerarse ya un plazo suficiente, para detenerse y efectuar un estudio desde los diferentes puntos de vista que afectan a dicha figura. Se pretende con el presente estudio optimizar integralmente dicha figura. Para ello se estudia su situación actual en nuestro país. De dicho estudio se establece la estructura de la figura del coordinador, definida en cinco apartados que cubren todos sus aspectos. Junto con el estudio de los mismos, se realizan otros análisis en relación con su funcionamiento en nuestro entorno inmediato (los diferentes miembros de la UE-28), así como otros determinados a definir aspectos necesarios para evaluar su implantación, gestión y responsabilidades adquiridas por los técnicos coordinadores de seguridad en España, a través de su actividad desarrollada tras los dieciocho años de implantación. Completa el estudio su actualidad inmediata y se focaliza en un entorno suficiente para determinar su utilidad. Todo ello, con la finalidad de elevar unas conclusiones que unidas a las necesarias propuestas de actuación, nos permitan concretar la optimización de la figura estudiada. ABSTRACT The figure of the Safety and Health Coordinator, both as a necessary and competent technician within the building activity, was established in Spain on December 25th, 1997, just two months after the publishing of the Real Decreto (Royal Decree) 1627/1997 of 24 October, which implemented the minimum requirements for safety and health in construction sites (BOE Saturday, October 25, 1997). The above mentioned figure develops from the Spanish transposition of Directive 92/57/EEC. And as it has happened in Spain, the rest of the EU members have implemented it in the construction sector in various ways. Almost eighteen years have passed since its enactment. This lapse of time can be considered satisfactory to stop at this point and carry out a study on this new position in construction sites but taking into account different points of view that affect it. The present dissertation attempts to fully optimize the figure of the Safety and Health Coordinator by undertaking a research of its current situation in Spain. This study establishes the organizational structure of the Coordinator’s figure, covering all its aspects in five main headings. Alongside with the study of these five sections, further analyses have been carried out in relation to their performance in our immediate surroundings (the research has been extended to different members of the EU-28). Likewise, different studies have been made to determine the necessary aspects to assess the implementation, management and responsibilities acquired by these Safety and Health Coordinators throughout the last eighteen years. This study is completed with the immediate present and focuses on assess and determine its utility in the future. All this with the aim of raising some conclusions that along with the necessary proposals for action, will allow us to achieve the optimization of the studied figure

Experiences and related types of judicial reports about damaged workers on construction sites

Accidents occurred on construction sites, cause or may cause, certain injury to workers or individuals related to the sector, which triggered from a legal point of view different processes where are involved in one way or another, several of the agents involved in the construction process. At certaln stages of the processes above, appears an expert work, which should combine the study of all the specific documentation of the case, with sufficient theory or normative knowledge and a clear awareness of the practice in the construction sector, that allows to determine and explain the necessary means,the causes of claims listed This comprehensive study of real-lite situations ,will allow that expert work of the technicians concerned, get a clear idea of reference about real-lite situations. Therefore, based on such expert action effected develops exposure of a study of sufficient practica! and real cases analyzed from 2009 to the present, with the intention of carrying out an approach to the existing reality that surrounds us, the target and studying real accidents in the sector through one sufficient number of case studies really happened. This study aims, first of ali a statement of the types of cases and agents affected and in second place, their relationship with the final results of the action and proposals which arise after their study