Detecção de Aeromonas spp. e do gene de virulência aerolisina em tilápias do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) com a técnica de mPCR

RESUMO: As infecções causadas por bactérias do gênero Aeromonas estão entre as doenças mais comuns em peixes cultivados em todo o mundo, com ocorrência de aeromoniose em todos os países que possuem cultivo de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). O presente trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de uma nova multiplex PCR (mPCR) para diagnóstico de Aeromonas spp. e identificação do gene aerolisina (aerA). Para padronização da mPCR foram utilizadas cepas de referência de várias espécies do gênero Aeromonas e de outros gêneros. Também foram usadas cepas de campo de A. hydrophila oriundas de cultivos de peixes pacamãs (Lophiosilurus alexandri) e Aeromonas spp. de tilápias do Nilo. Os primers foram desenhados com base na região 16S rRNA e aerA. Para verificar a melhor temperatura de anelamento foram utilizados gradientes entre 59°C a 61°C com 40ng de DNA molde. Os produtos da amplificação da região 16S rRNA e do gene aerA apresentaram 786 e 550pb, respectivamente. A mPCR apresentou melhor temperatura de anelamento a 57,6°C com limite de detecção das concentrações de DNA em ambos genes (16S rRNA and aerA) de 10-10g/μL. A mPCR padronizada é rápida, sensível e específica no diagnóstico de Aeromonas spp. e identificação do gene aerolisina. Esta metodologia apresenta vantagens quando comparada aos métodos de diagnóstico convencionais, podendo ser utilizada em cultivos comerciais de tilápias do Nilo ou outros peixes. A identificação do gene aerolisina é uma importante ferramenta na determinação do potencial patogênico dos isolados de Aeromonas spp. estudados

Paleoproterozoic high-sulfidation mineralization in the Tapajo´s gold province, Amazonian Craton, Brazil: geology, mineralogy, alunite argon age, and stable-isotope constraints

The Brazilian Tapajós gold province contains the first evidence of high-sulfidation gold mineralization in the Amazonian Craton. The mineralization appears to be in large nested calderas. The Tapajós–Parima (or Ventuari–Tapajo´ s) geological province consists of a metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary sequence formed during a 2.10 to 1.87 Ga ocean ̶ continent orogeny. The high-sulfidation mineralization with magmatic-hydrothermal alunite is related to hydrothermal breccias hosted in a rhyolitic volcanic ring complex that contains granitic stocks ranging in age from 1.89 to 1.87 Ga. Cone-shaped hydrothermal breccias, which flare upward, contain vuggy silica and have an overlying brecciated cap of massive silica; the deposits are located in the uppermost part of a ring-structure volcanic cone. Drill cores of one of the hydrothermal breccias contain alunite, natroalunite, pyrophyllite, andalusite, quartz, rutile, diaspore, woodhouseite–svanbergite, kaolinite, and pyrite along with inclusions of enargite–luzonite, chalcopyrite, bornite, and covellite. The siliceous core of this alteration center is surrounded by advanced argillic and argillic alteration zones that grade outward into large areas of propylitically altered rocks with sericitic alteration assemblages at depth. Several occurrences and generations of alunite are observed. Alunite is disseminated in the advanced argillic haloes that envelop massive and vuggy silica or that underlie the brecciated silica cap. Coarse-grained alunite also occurs in branching veins and locally is partly replaced by a later generation of fine-grained alunite. Silicified hydrothermal breccias associated with the alunite contain an estimated reserve of 30 tonnes of gold in rock that grades up to 4.5 g t ̶ 1 Au. Seven alunite samples gave 40Ar/39Ar ages of 1.869 to 1.846 Ga, with various degrees of apparent minor Ar loss. Stable isotopic data require a magmatic-hydrothermal origin for the alunite, typical for high-sulfidation mineralization. The δ34S values of most samples of alunite range from 14.0%◦ to 36.9%◦. Sulfur isotopic alunite–pyrite and oxygen isotopic alunite SO4 ̶ OH temperatures range from 130 to 420 °C. The δDH2 O and δ18OH2 O values for alunite-forming hydrothermal fluids suggest

Development of Conformable Substrates for OLEDs Using Highly Transparent Bacterial Cellulose Modified with Recycled Polystyrene

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a biocompatible and nontoxic biopolymer that has been successfully used as a substrate for flexible organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Although BC membranes exhibit excellent mechanical properties and industrial scalability, they are semitransparent, which limits their performance. To improve the optical properties of BC membranes, methods such as the polymerization of different inorganic–organic hybrid materials and petrochemical derivative monomers have been considered; however, these methods require considerable time and effort. In this work, transparent BC membranes for conformable OLEDs substrates are fabricated by spray coating a solution of recycled petrochemical plastics, found in expanded foam package wastes, and d-limonene, which is a green solvent extracted from orange peels. This fabrication approach is highly scalable and can be considered a sustainable technique to develop high performance transparent substrates for photonic applications based on both recovered petrochemical polymers and naturally occurring biopolymers. In terms of the morphological and structural properties, the resulting transparent membranes exhibit a lower roughness than pristine BC. The resulting BC-PS composite is used as a substrate for OLED fabrication. The conformable OLEDs exhibit a current efficiency of up to 5\ua0cd A−1 (16\ua0000\ua0cd m−2) and power density of ≈2.8\ua0mW cm−2

Metallogenetic systems associated with granitoid magmatism in the Amazonian Craton: An overview of the present level of understanding and exploration significance

FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOThe Amazonian Craton hosts world-class metallogenic provinces with a wide range of styles of primary precious, rare, base metal, and placer deposits. This paper provides a synthesis of the geological database with regard to granitoid magmatic suites, spatio temporal distribution, tectonic settings, and the nature of selected mineral deposits. The Archean Carajas Mineral Province comprises greenstone belts (3.04 2.97 Ga), metavolcanic-sedimentary units (2.76-2.74 Ga), granitoids (3.07-2.84 Ga) formed in a magmatic arc and syn-collisional setting, post-orogenic A(2)-type granites as well as gabbros (ca. 2.74 Ga), and anorogenic granites (1.88 Ga). Archean iron oxide-Cu-Au (IOCG) deposits were synchronous or later than bimodal magmatism (2.74-2.70 Ga). Paleoproterozoic IOCG deposits, emplaced at shallow-crustal levels, are enriched with Nb-Y-Sn-Be-U. The latter, as well as Sn-W and Au-EGP deposits are coeval with ca. 1.88 Ga A(2)-type granites. The Tapajos Mineral Province includes a low-grade meta-volcano-sedimentary sequence (2.01 Ga), tonalites to granites (2.0-1.87 Ga), two talc-alkaline volcanic sequences (2.0-1.95 Ga to 1.89-1.87 Ga) and A-type rhyolites and granites (1.88 Ga). The talc-alkaline volcanic rocks host epithermal Au and base metal mineralization, whereas Cu-Au and Cu-Mo +/- Au porphyry-type mineralization is associated with sub-volcanic felsic rocks, formed in two continental magmatic arcs related to an accretionary event, resulting from an Andean-type northwards subduction. The Alta Floresta Gold Province consists of Paleoproterozoic plutono-volcanic sequences (1.98-1.75 Ga), generated in ocean ocean orogenies. Disseminated and vein-type Au +/- Cu and Au + base metal deposits are hosted by calc-alkaline I-type granitic intrusions (1.98 Ga, 1.90 Ga, and 1.87 Ga) and quartz-feldspar porphyries (ca. 1.77 Ga). Timing of the gold deposits has been constrained between 1.78 Ga and 1.77 Ga and linked to post-collisional Juruena arc felsic magmatism (e.g., Colider and Teles Pires suites). The Transamazonas Province corresponds to a N-S-trending orogenic belt, consolidated during the Trans amazonian cycle (2.26-1.95 Ga), comprising the Lourenco, Amapa, Carecuru, Bacaja, and Santana do Araguaia tectonic domains. They show a protracted tectonic evolution, and are host to the pre-, syn-, and post-orogenic to anorogenic granitic magmatism. Gold mineralization associated with magmatic events is still unclear. Greisen and pegmatite Sn-Nb-Ta deposits are related to 1.84 to 1.75 Ga late-orogenic to anorogenic A-type granites. The Pitinga Tin Province includes the Madeira Sn-Nb-Ta-F deposit, Sn-greisens and Sn-episyenites. These are associated with A-type granites of the Madeira Suite (1.84 -1.82 Ga), which occur within a cauldron complex (Iricoume Group). The A-type magmatism evolved from a post-collisional extension, towards a within-plate setting. The hydrothermal processes (400 degrees C 100 degrees C) resulted in albitization and formation of disseminated cryolite, pyrochlore columbitization, and formation of a massive cryolite deposit in the core of the Madeira deposit. The Rondonia Tin Province hosts rare-metal (Ta, Nb, Be) and Sn-W mineralization, which is associated with the Sao Lourenco-Caripunas (131-1.30 Ga), related to the post-collisional stage of the Rondonia San Ignacio Province (1.56-1.30 Ga), and to the Santa Clara (1.08-1.07 Ga) and Younger Granites of Rondonia (0.99-0.97 Ga) A type granites. The latter are linked to the evolution of the Sunsas-Aguapel Province (1.20-0.95 Ga). Rare metal polymetallic deposits are associated with late stage peraluminous granites, mainly as greisen, quartz vein, and pegmatite types. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.The Amazonian Craton hosts world-class metallogenic provinces with a wide range of styles of primary precious, rare, base metal, and placer deposits. This paper provides a synthesis of the geological database with regard to granitoid magmatic suites, spatio temporal distribution, tectonic settings, and the nature of selected mineral deposits. The Archean Carajas Mineral Province comprises greenstone belts (3.04 2.97 Ga), metavolcanic-sedimentary units (2.76-2.74 Ga), granitoids (3.07-2.84 Ga) formed in a magmatic arc and syn-collisional setting, post-orogenic A(2)-type granites as well as gabbros (ca. 2.74 Ga), and anorogenic granites (1.88 Ga). Archean iron oxide-Cu-Au (IOCG) deposits were synchronous or later than bimodal magmatism (2.74-2.70 Ga). Paleoproterozoic IOCG deposits, emplaced at shallow-crustal levels, are enriched with Nb-Y-Sn-Be-U. The latter, as well as Sn-W and Au-EGP deposits are coeval with ca. 1.88 Ga A(2)-type granites. The Tapajos Mineral Province includes a low-grade meta-volcano-sedimentary sequence (2.01 Ga), tonalites to granites (2.0-1.87 Ga), two talc-alkaline volcanic sequences (2.0-1.95 Ga to 1.89-1.87 Ga) and A-type rhyolites and granites (1.88 Ga). The talc-alkaline volcanic rocks host epithermal Au and base metal mineralization, whereas Cu-Au and Cu-Mo +/- Au porphyry-type mineralization is associated with sub-volcanic felsic rocks, formed in two continental magmatic arcs related to an accretionary event, resulting from an Andean-type northwards subduction. The Alta Floresta Gold Province consists of Paleoproterozoic plutono-volcanic sequences (1.98-1.75 Ga), generated in ocean ocean orogenies. Disseminated and vein-type Au +/- Cu and Au + base metal deposits are hosted by calc-alkaline I-type granitic intrusions (1.98 Ga, 1.90 Ga, and 1.87 Ga) and quartz-feldspar porphyries (ca. 1.77 Ga). Timing of the gold deposits has been constrained between 1.78 Ga and 1.77 Ga and linked to post-collisional Juruena arc felsic magmatism (e.g., Colider and Teles Pires suites). The Transamazonas Province corresponds to a N-S-trending orogenic belt, consolidated during the Trans amazonian cycle (2.26-1.95 Ga), comprising the Lourenco, Amapa, Carecuru, Bacaja, and Santana do Araguaia tectonic domains. They show a protracted tectonic evolution, and are host to the pre-, syn-, and post-orogenic to anorogenic granitic magmatism. Gold mineralization associated with magmatic events is still unclear. Greisen and pegmatite Sn-Nb-Ta deposits are related to 1.84 to 1.75 Ga late-orogenic to anorogenic A-type granites. The Pitinga Tin Province includes the Madeira Sn-Nb-Ta-F deposit, Sn-greisens and Sn-episyenites. These are associated with A-type granites of the Madeira Suite (1.84 -1.82 Ga), which occur within a cauldron complex (Iricoume Group). The A-type magmatism evolved from a post-collisional extension, towards a within-plate setting. The hydrothermal processes (400 degrees C 100 degrees C) resulted in albitization and formation of disseminated cryolite, pyrochlore columbitization, and formation of a massive cryolite deposit in the core of the Madeira deposit. The Rondonia Tin Province hosts rare-metal (Ta, Nb, Be) and Sn-W mineralization, which is associated with the Sao Lourenco-Caripunas (131-1.30 Ga), related to the post-collisional stage of the Rondonia San Ignacio Province (1.56-1.30 Ga), and to the Santa Clara (1.08-1.07 Ga) and Younger Granites of Rondonia (0.99-0.97 Ga) A type granites. The latter are linked to the evolution of the Sunsas-Aguapel Province (1.20-0.95 Ga). Rare metal polymetallic deposits are associated with late stage peraluminous granites, mainly as greisen, quartz vein, and pegmatite types682249FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO2009/18371-0; 2013/25659-5; 573733/2008-2; 053/2011308365/2014-3; 481969/2013-6; 472549/2009-0; 405839/2013-8; 550342/2011-

Avaliação das proporções dos cortes da carcaça, características da carne e avaliação dos componentes do peso vivo de cordeiros Evaluation of carcass cuttings proportion, meat characteristics and evaluation of live weight components of lambs

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a composição física da carcaça, as características da carne e a proporção dos não-componentes da carcaça do peso vivo de cordeiros abatidos aos 28 kg submetidos a diferentes sistemas alimentares. Dezoito cordeiros (Ile de France x Texel ) foram distribuídos aleatoriamente, com as respectivas mães, em três tratamentos: PCA - pastagem cultivada de azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), CON - confinamento sem alimentação privativa e CCF - confinamento com alimentação privativa para os cordeiros. A alimentação privativa foi oferecida aos cordeiros pelo sistema de creep feeding. Não houve diferença para o percentual do pescoço entre PCA, CON e CCF, com valores de 9,27; 9,17 e 8,72%, respectivamente. Para o percentual de perna, os animais da CON (34,02%) e CCF (34,17%) apresentaram valores semelhantes entre si e superiores aos da PCA (31,73%). A maciez medida na porção do Longissimus dorsi entre a 9ª e 12ª costelas foi semelhante entre os animais dos três tratamentos, de 2,33; 3,03 e 3,08 para PCA, CON e CCF, respectivamente. Não houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre a palatabilidade e suculência da carne. O percentual de pele dos animais da PCA (11,05%) e do CON (10,50%) foram semelhantes entre si, enquanto o PCA apresentou valores mais elevados que o percentual dos animais do CCF (9,70%). Para o percentual do conteúdo gástrico, os valores observados para os animais do CCF (11,47%) foram superiores àqueles da PCA (5,09%) e semelhantes aos obtidos para os animais do CON (8,72%).<br>This study aimed to evaluate carcass physical comp0sition, meat characteristics and live weight carcass no component of lambs slaughter at 28 kg under different feeding systems. Eighteen lambs (Ile de France X Texel) were randomly allotted, with their respective mothers, to three treatments: RP - ryegrass pasture (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), COM - confinament of lamb and sheep together and CCF - confinament with creep feeding. A private feeding by creep feeding system was offered for the lambs. There were no difference in the neck percentage among RP, COM and CCf, with values of 9.27, 9.17, and 8.72%, respectively. In relation to the legs, COM (34.02%) and CCF (34.17%) animals expressed similar values and were superior than RP(31.73) animals values. The softness measured in the loin portion (Longissimus dorsi), from 9th to 12th rib was the same in the animals submitted to three treatments: RP, COM and CCF, with respective values of 2.33, 3.03 and 3.08. There were not effects in the treatments according to juiceness (SUC) and taste (TASTE). The skin percentage of RP (11.05%) and COM (10.50%) were no treatment effects to the through the panel, palatability and juiceness. The skin percentages of RP (11.05%) and CON (10.50%) animals were similar, and RP showed higher values than CCF (9.70%). The values of gastric content percentage for CCF (11.47%) animals were higher than the RP animals (5.09%) and showed similar value for CON (8.72%)