10 research outputs found

    Diagnostic and therapeutic proceedings in cases of duodenum injury concerning an example of a post-traumatic duodenum rupture - a case study

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    Urazy, po chorobach uk艂adu kr膮偶enia i nowotworach, zajmuj膮 trzecie miejsce w艣r贸d przyczyn zgon贸w og贸艂u populacji ludzkiej. U os贸b m艂odych do 40. roku 偶ycia s膮 one najcz臋stsz膮 przyczyn膮 艣mierci. W pracy przedstawiono przypadek pourazowego p臋kni臋cia dwunastnicy, kt贸re zosta艂o trafnie rozpoznane i zaopatrzone chirurgicznie dopiero podczas relaparotomii, maj膮cej miejsce w trzeciej dobie po laparotomii. Chorego po 33 dniach hospitalizacji, w stanie og贸lnym dobrym, wypisano do domu z zaleceniem dalszej opieki w ramach chirurgicznego leczenia ambulatoryjnego. Om贸wiono etiologi臋, diagnostyk臋 i sposoby zaopatrzenia chirurgicznego pourazowych uszkodze艅 dwunastnicy. Postawiono tez臋, 偶e jednym z kluczowych czynnik贸w prognostycznych w mnogich obra偶eniach cia艂a jest, obok trafnie postawionego rozpoznania i w艂a艣ciwego leczenia, czas jaki up艂yn膮艂 mi臋dzy urazem a ostatecznym zaopatrzeniem narz膮d贸w.Injuries occupy third place among the causes of death in the total human population, just after cardiovascular system diseases and cancer. They constitute the most common cause of death in the group of people aged up to 40. A case of post-traumatic duodenum rupture is presented, which was properly diagnosed and surgically treated only during a repeated laparotomy performed three days after the initial laparotomy. After 33 days of hospital stay the patient was released home in a good overall condition, with a recommendation for further care in surgical outpatient’s clinic. The aetiology, diagnostics and methods of surgical treatment of post-traumatic duodenum injuries are discussed. A thesis was formulated that one of the key prognostic elements in multiple body injuries is, besides the proper diagnosis and treatment, the time passed between the injury and the final treatment of the injured organs

    Diagnostic and therapeutic proceeding in cases of duodenum injury at the example of a post-traumatic duodenum rupture - a case study

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    Urazy, po chorobach uk艂adu kr膮偶enia i nowotworach, zajmuj膮 3. miejsce w艣r贸d przyczyn zgon贸w og贸艂u populacji ludzkiej. U ludzi m艂odych do 40. roku 偶ycia s膮 one najcz臋stsz膮 przyczyn膮 艣mierci. W pracy przedstawiono przypadek pourazowego p臋kni臋cia dwunastnicy. P臋kni臋cie trafnie rozpoznano i zaopatrzono chirurgicznie dopiero podczas relaparotomii, maj膮cej miejsce w 3. dobie po laparotomii. Chorego wypisano do domu w stanie og贸lnym dobrym po 33 dniach hospitalizacji z zaleceniem dalszej opieki w ramach chirurgicznego leczenia ambulatoryjnego. Om贸wiono etiologi臋, diagnostyk臋 i sposoby zaopatrzenia chirurgicznego pourazowych uszkodze艅 dwunastnicy. Postawiono tez臋, 偶e jednym z kluczowych czynnik贸w prognostycznych w mnogich obra偶eniach cia艂a jest, obok trafnie postawionego rozpoznania i w艂a艣ciwego leczenia, czas, jaki min膮艂 pomi臋dzy urazem a ostatecznym zaopatrzeniem narz膮d贸w.Injuries occupy third place among causes of death in the total human population, just after cardiovascular system diseases and cancer. They constitute the most common cause of death in the group of people aged up to 40. A case of post-traumatic duodenum rupture is presented, which was properly diagnosed and surgically treated only during a repeated laparotomy performed three days after an initial laparotomy. After 33 days of hospital stay the patient was released home in good overall condition, with a recommendation for further care in a surgical outpatients clinic. The aetiology, diagnostics and methods of surgical treatment of post-traumatic duodenum injuries are discussed. A thesis was formulated that one of the key prognostic elements in multiple body injuries is, besides proper diagnosis and treatment, the time passed between the injury and the final treatment of the injured organs

    Preparation of patients submitted to thyroidectomy with oral glucose solutions

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    The aim of the study was to determine postoperative insulin-resistance in patients subject to total thyroidectomy, the prevalence of subjective feelings of hunger immediately before surgery, and the incidence of nausea/ vomiting after surgery in patients prepared for elective operations by means of oral glucose solutions. Material and methods. The study group comprised 115 patients, including 71 patients prepared for surgery by means of oral glucose solutions (12.5% glucose) administered 12 and 3 hours before the procedure, at a dose of 800 and 400 ml. The control group comprised 44 patients prepared for surgery by means of the traditional manner- the last meal was served before 2pm the day before the surgical procedure, while fluids before 10pm. Considering both groups, we evaluated glucose and insulin levels three times, as well as determined the insulin-resistance ratio (HOMA-IR) 24 before, and 12 hours and 7 days after surgery. The incidence of nausea and vomiting after surgery, and the subjective feeling of hunger before surgery were also evaluated. Results. Statistically significant differences considering insulin level and HOMA-IR values were observed during the II and III measurements. The glucose and insulin values, and the HOMA-IR insulinresistance ratio, showed no statistically significant differences during measurement I. No statistically significant glucose level differences were observed during measurements II and III. A significantly greater subjective feeling of hunger before surgery and nausea/vomiting afterwards were observed in the control group. Conclusions. The preparation of patients with oral glucose solutions decreases the incidence of postoperative (thyroidectomy) insulin-resistance, and occurrence of nausea/vomiting during the postoperative period

    PD-1/PD-L1 and DNA Damage Response in Cancer

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    The application of immunotherapy for cancer treatment is rapidly becoming more widespread. Immunotherapeutic agents are frequently combined with various types of treatments to obtain a more durable antitumor clinical response in patients who have developed resistance to monotherapy. Chemotherapeutic drugs that induce DNA damage and trigger DNA damage response (DDR) frequently induce an increase in the expression of the programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) that can be employed by cancer cells to avoid immune surveillance. PD-L1 exposed on cancer cells can in turn be targeted to re-establish the immune-reactive tumor microenvironment, which ultimately increases the tumor’s susceptibility to combined therapies. Here we review the recent advances in how the DDR regulates PD-L1 expression and point out the effect of etoposide, irinotecan, and platinum compounds on the anti-tumor immune response

    PD-1/PD-L1 and DNA Damage Response in Cancer

    No full text
    The application of immunotherapy for cancer treatment is rapidly becoming more widespread. Immunotherapeutic agents are frequently combined with various types of treatments to obtain a more durable antitumor clinical response in patients who have developed resistance to monotherapy. Chemotherapeutic drugs that induce DNA damage and trigger DNA damage response (DDR) frequently induce an increase in the expression of the programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) that can be employed by cancer cells to avoid immune surveillance. PD-L1 exposed on cancer cells can in turn be targeted to re-establish the immune-reactive tumor microenvironment, which ultimately increases the tumor鈥檚 susceptibility to combined therapies. Here we review the recent advances in how the DDR regulates PD-L1 expression and point out the effect of etoposide, irinotecan, and platinum compounds on the anti-tumor immune response

    Self-injury among prisoners — relationship to psychosocial factors

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    Background. Penitentiary institutions are particularly liable to the emergence and spreading of detrimental social phenomena. Compulsory stay in a closed institution and the necessity to adjust to conditions dramatically different from those of the prisoner’s former life are often a source of frustration. Self-aggression in prisons usually takes the form of self-injury. Self-mutilation is often a ticket to being promoted in the prison subculture pecking order, or a way to enforce some earlier unattainable demands. Frequently it may be also the prisoner’s response to deprivation of his basic needs. Material and methods. The anonymous study was conducted on the premises of Prison No. 2 in Lodz, between December 2006 and March 2007. Participants were 50 male prisoners aged 22-60; in that number 25 men had committed various self-injuries, and 25 had never attempted self-mutilation. Personal data were collected using a questionnaire developed by the authors for the purposes of this study. Results. Self-injuries were committed most frequently by prisoners aged below 30, with primary or vocational education, from broken homes. Their term of imprisonment was over 5 years, they were recidivists incarcerated more than once, and in the majority of cases (92%) belonged to prison subculture. As many as 68% of the prisoners under study committed self-injury repeatedly, most often due to emotional motives. Conclusions. Psychosocial variables were found to correlate with the frequency and type of self-injury among prisoners. The more detrimental psychosocial variables, the more frequent were self-injuries.Wst臋p. Instytucja penitencjarna to miejsce szczeg贸lnie podatne na powstawanie i utrzymywanie si臋 niekorzystnych zjawisk spo艂ecznych. Przymusowy pobyt w zak艂adzie zamkni臋tym oraz konieczno艣膰 zaaran偶owania sobie 偶ycia w warunkach diametralnie odmiennych ni偶 dotychczas cz臋sto wywo艂uj膮 frustracj臋. Autoagresja w wi臋zieniach przejawia si臋 zazwyczaj w postaci samouszkodze艅. Samookaleczenie cz臋sto bywa przepustk膮 do awansu w hierarchii wi臋ziennej subkultury b膮d藕 te偶 pozwala na wyegzekwowanie wcze艣niej nieosi膮galnych 偶膮da艅. Niejednokrotnie jest tak偶e reakcj膮 na deprywacj臋 podstawowych potrzeb. Materia艂 i metody. Badania przeprowadzano anonimowo na terenie Zak艂adu Karnego nr 2 w 艁odzi w okresie od grudnia 2006 roku do marca 2007 roku. 艁膮cznie przebadano 50 m臋偶czyzn w wieku 22-60 lat, w tym 25 dokonywa艂o r贸偶nych samouszkodze艅, a 25 nigdy nie podejmowa艂o pr贸b samookalecze艅. W celu zgromadzenia danych personalnych dotycz膮cych respondent贸w pos艂u偶ono si臋 ankiet膮 opracowan膮 na potrzeby badania. Wyniki. Samouszkodze艅 najcz臋艣ciej dokonywali wi臋藕niowie w wieku do 30. roku 偶ycia, z wykszta艂ceniem podstawowym lub zawodowym, pochodz膮cy z niepe艂nych rodzin, odbywaj膮cy kar臋 pozbawienia wolno艣ci d艂u偶sz膮 ni偶 5 lat i przebywaj膮cy w wi臋zieniu po raz kolejny. W wi臋kszo艣ci przypadk贸w (92%) byli to wi臋藕niowie przynale偶膮cy do subkultury wi臋ziennej. A偶 68% spo艣r贸d badanych os贸b dokonywa艂o samouszkodze艅 wielokrotnie, najcz臋艣ciej z pobudek emocjonalnych. Wnioski. Stwierdza si臋 korelacj臋 pomi臋dzy czynnikami psychospo艂ecznymi a cz臋sto艣ci膮 i charakterem dokonywanych samouszkodze艅 w艣r贸d os贸b przebywaj膮cych w izolacji wi臋ziennej. Im bardziej niekorzystnie oddzia艂uj膮 czynniki psychospo艂eczne, tym wi臋cej odnotowuje si臋 samouszkodze艅
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