Effect of diet and dietary fatty acids on the transformation and incorporation of C18 fatty acids in double-muscled Belgian Blue young bulls

Three groups of double-muscled Belgian Blue young bulls were fed during different stages of production diets differing in the proportions of linolenic and linoleic acid by including linseed in the concentrate or giving grass silage as main linolenic acid suppliers. Samples of rumen and abomasal contents and of the longissimus thoracis, subcutaneous fat, and liver were taken to analyze the fatty acid pattern with emphasis on the individual trans (t) C18:1 fatty acids and cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (c9t11CLA). Trans C18:1 isomers represented up to 20 g/100 g of total fatty acids in rumen and abomasal contents, whereas the accumulation of c9t11CLA was limited. Total trans C18:1 content in subcutaneous fat and intramuscular fat of the longissimus thoracis comprised 8.4 and 5.2 g/100 g of total fatty acids, respectively, with t11C18:1 being the most abundant one. Compared to rumen contents, subcutaneous and intramuscular fat were enriched in c9t11CLA and contained fewer tC18:1 isomers, resulting in a higher c9t11CLA/t11C18:1 ratio (0.04, 0.22, and 0.22, respectively). This result suggests that the endogenous synthesis of c9t11CLA in adipose tissue by the Delta(9)-desaturase was more important than its ruminal production

The influence of a different fatty acid profile on the crystallization of milk fat as measured by pNMR, DSC and X-ray diffraction

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Fatty acid profile and oxidative stability of pork as influenced by duration and time of dietary linseed and fish oil supplementation

In this experiment, the effect of duration and time of feeding n-3 PUFA sources on the fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of the longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle was investigated. Linseed (L) and fish oil (F), rich in alpha-linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid (EPA and DHA), respectively, were supplied equivalent to a level of 1.2% oil (as fed), either during the whole fattening period or only during the first (P1; 8 wk) or second (P2; 6 to 9 wk until slaughter) fattening phase. All diets were based on barley, wheat, and soybean meal and were fed ad libitum. Crossbred pigs (n = 154; Topigs 40 x Pietrain) were randomly allotted to the 7 feeding groups. In the basal diet (B), only animal fat was used as the supplementary fat source. Three dietary groups were supplied the same fatty acid source during both fattening phases (i.e., group BB, LL, and FF). For the other 4 dietary groups, the fatty acid source was switched after the first phase (groups BL, BF, LF, and FL; the first and second letter indicating the diet in P1 and P2, respectively). Twelve animals per feeding group were selected based on average live BW. The LT was analyzed for fatty acid composition; lipid stability (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances) and color stability (a* value, % of myoglobin pigments) were determined on the LT after illuminated chill storage for up to 8 d. The alpha-linolenic acid, EPA, and docosapentaenoic acid incorporation was independent of the duration of linseed feeding (1.24, 0.54, and 0.75% of total fatty acids, respectively, for group LL). Supplying fish oil during both phases resulted in the greatest EPA and DHA proportions (1.37 and 1.02% of total fatty acids; P < 0.05), but the content of docosapentaenoic acid was not affected. The proportion of DHA was greater when fish oil was administered during P2 compared with P1 (P < 0.05). There was no effect of diet on meat ultimate pH and drip loss or on lipid or color oxidation

The effect of dietary oil seeds on the fatty acid profile and metabolism in ostrich liver

The study was carried out on 40 ostriches randomly allocated into five groups and each group was randomly assigned to a different dietary treatment. Experimental diets were made on the basis of a control diet, where a part of the gross energy was replaced with energy from linseed (4 or 8% -treatment L4 and L8, respectively) or rapeseed (5 or 10% - treatment R5 and R10, respectively). The ostriches were slaughtered at 12 months of age and within 30 minutes after slaughter liver samples (50 g) were taken. The results indicate that the linseed supplementation, especially 4%, to the ostrich diet improves the nutritional value of ostrich liver by decreasing the n-6/n-3 ratio and by increasing the PUFA/SFA ratio. It makes ostrich liver more valuable for the production of meat products e.g. pates. The rapeseed supplementation to the ostrich diet has no influence on the fatty acid profile of ostrich liver compared to the control diet. Dietary supplementation by linseed changes the fatty acid metabolism in ostrich liver

A mindfulness-based intervention for adolescents and young adults after cancer treatment: Effects on quality of life, emotional distress, and cognitive vulnerability

PURPOSE: Adolescent and young adult cancer (AYAC) survivors show an elevated risk of distress. Targeted psychosocial interventions for this distinct population are needed. This study examined the potential efficacy of a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) to alleviate emotional distress and improve quality of life (QoL) in AYAC survivors. METHODS: Participants were 16 AYAC survivors, aged 14-24, who had completed acute medical treatment. A two-baseline (8 and 1 week before the intervention), post- (1 week after the intervention) and 3 months follow-up within-subjects design was used. Each participant completed two baseline assessments, followed by an 8-week MBI. The primary outcome variables were emotional distress and QoL. Secondary outcomes were cognitive vulnerability factors and mindfulness skills. RESULTS: Multilevel modeling showed (1) a significant reduction in emotional distress and improvement in QoL at 3 months of follow-up, (2) a significant reduction in negative attitudes toward self (i.e., a cognitive vulnerability factor), and (3) a significant improvement in mindfulness skills. CONCLUSION: MBI is a promising approach that is used to treat emotional distress and to improve QoL in AYAC survivors. Further research using randomized controlled trials is needed to generalize these findings. Trial registration information: www.trialregister.nl ; NTR4358.status: publishe