66 research outputs found
Urban space as a frame of children's everyday life based on the study of the specific urban areas of Novi Sad
Rezime
U radu se na nivou konkretnih urbanih prostora razliÄitog koncepta (otvoren/zatvoren tip urbanog bloka) i položaja (centralan/periferan) u Novom Sadu, ali i globalnih trendova, prikazuje odnos gradskog prostora i detinjstva, sa ciljem sagledavanja prostornih moguÄnosti za realizaciju deÄijih svakodnevnih praksi i naÄina na koji deca odgovaraju na makrostrukture ugraÄene u urbani prostor.
Lefevrov koncept proizvodnje prostora usvojen je kao adekvatan konceptualni okvir razumevanja oblikovanja prostorne dimenzije grada kao strukturnog konteksta deÄjih svakodnevnih aktivnosti i urbanog iskustva. Razumevanje svakodnevnih praksi detinjstva u skladu sa kojima se prostor oblikuje omoguÄeno je konceptualizacijom detinjstva kao druÅ”tvene tvorevine. Usvajanjem ova dva koncepta, prostorni resursi za deÄje svakodnevne prakse razmatraju se u kontekstu Å”irih druÅ”tvenih procesa oblikovanja prostorno-funkcionalne strukture savremenih gradova, operacionalizovanim u praksama urbane politike i strukturnih procesa oblikovanja savremenog detinjstva, pre svega institucionalizacije i familizacije.
Rad se bazira na pristupu viÅ”estrukog metoda, koji obuhvata analizu postojeÄih istraživanja, zakonodavne, urbanistiÄke, i druge relevantne dokumentacije, kao i analizu porodiÄnih karakteristika dece kao znaÄajnog strukturnog konteksta formiranja deÄijeg urbanog iskustva. MeÄutim, orijentacija da se odnos grada i detinjstva sagleda iz perspektive dece odredila je da se centralni deo analize bazira na podacima prikupljenim specifiÄnom vizuelnom metodom ā tehnikom koriÅ”Äenja fotografija za podsticanje razgovora (Photo-elicitation Interview), pri Äemu su za izvoÄenje razgovora koriÅ”Äene deÄje fotografije urbanog prostora.
Rezultati istraživanja upuÄuju na zakljuÄak da je deÄje urbano iskustvo, operacionalizovano kao prostorna pokretljivost, institucionalizacija slobodnog vremena (odnos mesta za decu i deÄjih mesta) i prostorna autonomija, ograniÄeno delovanjem strukturnih Äinilaca ā prostornog i porodiÄnog konteksta. OgraniÄenja prostornog konteksta rezultat su praksi urbane politike koja planiranu deÄiju upotrebu grada svodi na nivo stambenog naselja i na namenske prostore igre i obrazovanja. Izvan ovih praksi i prostornih resursa za njihovo zadovoljavanje, deca se ne prepoznaju kao znaÄajni i legitimni korisnici grada. Kontekstualne specifiÄnosti gradova u Srbiji, pa i u Novom Sadu, ispoljavaju se kao tipoloÅ”ka svedenost, malobrojnost i neadekvatnost prostora za decu. OgraniÄenja porodiÄnog konteksta deluju preko druÅ”tvenog sloja porodice deteta koji dobija
dodatni znaÄaj u kontekstu proizvodnje druÅ”tveno segregiranih (homogenih) prostora i privatizacije i komercijalizacije gradskih sadržaja, pa i onih namenjenih deci. Strukturna ograniÄenja deÄjih prostornih praksi dovode do urbanog iskustva svedenog na nivo susedstva, te do smanjene prostorne i socijalne kompetentnosti dece, Äime se odlaže proces sazrevanja i odrastanja, ali i ograniÄava moguÄnost druÅ”tvene integracije. MoÄ dece da deluju izvan datih struktura, da formiraju svoje prostore reperezentacije ā deÄja mesta, ograniÄena je i obuhvata marginalne prostore, prostore koji se nalaze izvan interesovanja odraslih i/ili starije dece, odnosno Äije ih koriÅ”Äenje ne dovodi u konflikt sa njima. Tako, urbani prostor i po pitanju moguÄnosti koje pruža deci predstavlja mesto reprodukcije druÅ”tvenih nejednakosti, a ne inkluzivnu sredinu
Proteinases from buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum moench) seeds: Purification and properties of the 47 kDa enzyme
Analizirane su aspartiÄne proteinaze semena heljde. Upotrebom pepstatin A afinitetne hromatografije, iz zrelog semena izdvojene su tri forme aspartiÄnih proteinaza, od 47 kDa, 40 kDa i 28 kDa, dok je u ekstraktu nezrelog semena odsustvovala forma od 40 kDa. Protein od 47 kDa naknadno je razdvojen od ostalih formi kada je hromatografiji prethodila amonijum-sulfatna precipitacija. Pokazano je da tip proteolitiÄkog delovanja preÄiÅ”Äene forme enzima odgovara delovanju himozina, aspartiÄne proteinaze animalnog porekla, Äime bi se mogla objasniti njegova sposobnost da koaguliÅ”e mleko. Enzim je lokalizovan u membranskoj Äelijskoj frakciji.Aspartic proteinases from buckwheat seeds are analyzed. Three forms of 47 kDa, 40 kDa and 28 kDa, were purified from mature buckwheat seeds, while two forms of 47 kDa and 28 kDa were detected in developing buckwheat seeds using pepstatin A affinity chromatography. A form of 47 kDa was selectively precipitated from other forms by ammonium sulfate precipitation. This enzyme resembles the chymosin-like pattern of proteolytic activity, as it was shown using BSA and k-casein as substrates, clarifying its ability for milk-clotting. The 47 kDa aspartic proteinase form is localized in the membrane fraction
Proteinases from buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum moench) seeds: Purification and properties of the 47 kDa enzyme
Aspartic proteinases from buckwheat seeds are analyzed. Three forms of 47 kDa, 40 kDa and 28 kDa, were purified from mature buckwheat seeds, while two forms of 47 kDa and 28 kDa were detected in developing buckwheat seeds using pepstatin A affinity chromatography. A form of 47 kDa was selectively precipitated from other forms by ammonium sulfate precipitation. This enzyme resembles the chymosin-like pattern of proteolytic activity, as it was shown using BSA and k-casein as substrates, clarifying its ability for milk-clotting. The 47 kDa aspartic proteinase form is localized in the membrane fraction.
Seed-specific aspartic proteinase FeAP12 from buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)
Gen za aspartiÄnu proteinazu (FeAP12) je izolovan iz eDNA biblioteke semena heljde u razviÄu. Analiza izvedene amino kiselinske sekvence FeAP12 gena ukazuje na njenu visoku homologiju sa ostalim tipiÄnim biljnim aspartiÄnim proteinazama (AP) koje se odlikuju prisustvom biljno specifiÄnog inserta (plant specific insert PSI), jedinstvenog meÄu AP. Pokazano je da gen FeAP12 nije eksprimiran u listu, korenu, stablu i cvetu, veÄ da je iRNA za FeAP12 prisutna samo u semenu. NajveÄi nivo ekspresije ovog gena je uoÄen u ranim fazama razviÄa semena, Å”to ukazuje na njegovu moguÄu ulogu u degradaciji nucelusa.Aspartic proteinase gene (FeAP12) has been isolated from the cDNA library of developing buckwheat seeds. Analysis of its deduced amino acid sequence showed that it resembled the structure and shared high homology with typical plant aspartic proteinases (AP) characterized by the presence of a plant-specific insert (PSI), unique among APs. It was shown that FeAP12 mRNA was not present in the leaves, roots, steam and flowers, but was seed-specifically expressed. Moreover, the highest levels of FeAP12 expression were observed in the early stages of seed development, therefore suggesting its potential role in nucellar degradation
Isolation and structural analysis of a gene coding for a novel type of aspartic proteinase from buckwheat seed (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)
Iz biblioteke cDNK semena heljde u srednjoj fazi razviÄa izolovan je gen koji kodira novi tip aspartiÄne proteinaze. Analizom sekvence ove cDNK (Fe-APL1) uoÄeno je odsustvo domena karakteristiÄnog samo za biljne aspartiÄne proteinaze, a analizom odgovrajuÄeg genomskog fragmenta da se radi o genu koji ne sadrži introne. BioinformatiÄkim analizama genoma arabidopsisa je pokazano da je veÄina potencijalnih gena za aspartiÄne proteinaze upravo sa ovim osobinama, iako je to eksperimentalno dokazano samo kod malog broja gena. Rezultati ovog rada daju doprinos u analizi raznovrsnosti unutar familije biljnih aspartiÄnih proteinaza. .A novel type of aspartic proteinase gene was isolated from the cDNA library of developing buckwheat seeds. This cDNA, FeAPL1, encoded an AP-like protein lacking the plant-specific insert (PSI) domain characteristic of typical plant aspartic proteinases. In addition the corresponding genomic fragment was isolated. It is demonstrated that this gene does not contain introns. Since bioinformatics analysis of the Arabidopsis genome showed that most potential AP genes are intronless and PSI-less, it appears that "atypical" is an inappropriate word for that class of AP. Isolation of this specific buckwheat gene among the small group of those isolated from other plant species provides a new perspective on the diversity of AP family members in plants.
Evaluation of toxicity and antioxidative effects of Tussilago farfara and Verbascum thapsus water extracts in zebrafish and in bronchial epithelial cells
Tussilago farfara (coltsfoot) and Verbascum thapsus (mullein) have been used as folk remedies for treating respiratory disorders. The aim of this study was to test the toxicity of the water extracts of T. farfara and V. thapsus in vivo in zebrafish and in vitro in BEAS 2B epithelial bronchial cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the antioxidative properties of T. farfara and V. thapsus extracts in cell culture. Our results show that the T. farfara leaf extract does not produce toxic effects on zebrafish embryos or BEAS 2B cells, and that it has a protective effect in BEAS 2B after induction of oxidative stress. The water extract from V. thapsus displayed pronounced toxic effects on zebrafish embryos and BEAS 2B cells and did not exhibit a significant antioxidative effect on BEAS 2B cells exposed to oxidative stress. Our results suggest that the use of T. farfara water leaf extract is potentially safe and effective in treating respiratory disorders, whereas the use of V. thapsus needs further investigation
Phenazines producing pseudomonas isolates decrease Alternaria tenuissima growth, pathogenicity and disease incidence on cardoon
Phenazines, secondary metabolites of fluorescent Pseudomonas, represent a group of heterocyclic nitrogen-containing compounds showing a broad spectrum of antibiotic properties. Phenazines producing fluorescent Pseudomonas species are studied extensively for their application in plant disease management. In this study, we examined the antifungal activity of different indigenous Pseudomonas isolates (Q16, B25 and PS2) against the phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria tenuissima, which had infected cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L., Asteraceae). An in vitro experiment demonstrated the antifungal activity of selected indigenous isolates. In addition, an in vivo experiment under gnotobiotic conditions showed suppression of C. cardunculus disease caused by A. tenuissima. The quantification of phenazines revealed significant amounts of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) and 2-hydroxy-phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (2-OH-PCA). PCR analysis confirmed the presence of PCA genes in all examined indigenous Pseudomonas isolates. Based on our results, we assume that these Pseudomonas isolates have potential in controlling plant diseases caused by A. tenuissima. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. III46007 and br. TR31018
GraŔak i urov Tetovac - made in ranogvozdenodobni Leskovac, Deo drugi - ekstrakcija drevne DNK iz ugljenisanih semena sa nalaziŔta Hisar u južnoj Srbiji
The extracts were prepared from the samples of 3,200-year-old charred pea and bitter vetch seeds from the site of Hissar near Leskovac, South Serbia, using two different DNA extraction procedures. We used CTAB method with some modification and obtained low quantity of ancient DNA in comparison with the second method used - commercial available kit. After the extraction, a whole genome amplification using Phi29 DNA polymerase was performed. The amplified DNAs were used for PCR reaction using primers for 26S rDNA gene, which is located on the nuclear genome. The single band corresponding to 26S rDNA fragment from modern relatives was obtained. We conclude that DNA from charred pea and vetch seed can be extracted and used for further archaeobotanical analysis at the molecular level.Primenom dve razliÄite procedure ekstrahovana je drevna DNK iz ugljenisanih semena graÅ”ka i urova starih 3200 godina sa lokaliteta Hisar kod Leskovca. KoriÅ”Äena je modifikovana CTAB metoda i dobijena je relativno mala koliÄina drevne DNK u poreÄenju sa drugom primenjenom metodom - komercijalno dostupnim kitom za izolaciju DNK. Nakon ekstrakcije primenjeno je umnožavanje celog genoma pomoÄu Phi29 DNK polimeraze. Umnožena DNK je koriÅ”Äena za PCR reakciju primenom prajmera za 26S rDNK gen, koji je lociran u jedarnom genomu. Dobijen je fragment iste veliÄine kao i PCR fragment 26S rDNK savremenih srodnika graÅ”ka i urova. Može se zakljuÄiti da je moguÄe ekstrahovati drevnu DNK iz ugljenisanih semena graÅ”ka i urova i koristiti je za dalje arheobotaniÄke analize na molekularnom nivou
Tolerantnost prema osmotskom stresu, PGP osobine i RAPD analiza sojeva Bradyrhizobium japonicum
The osmotic stress tolerance of B. japonicum strains assessed according to their persistence in PEG solution. The lowest tolerance to osmotic stress was observed in strain 511 (43.3%), and the highest tolerance was observed for strain D216 (3.3% growth reduction in presence of PEG). PGP traits of B. japonicum strains were tested. None of five B. japonicum strains produced siderophore, strains 511 and 518 had the urease ability, and only B. japonicum 518 strain showed the ability to solubilize insoluble tricalcium phosphate. RAPD analysis, using AP10, BC318, AF14 and SPH1 primers, indicated genetic differences between Bradyrhizobium strains. The first group (strains 3, 6 and 518) showed more than 80% similarity. Strains 511 and D216 formed separate clusters. Difference between strains D216 and the other strains were more than 60%, with maximum value of 72% in comparison with strain 511. Plant-growth promoting (PGP) traits, osmotic stress tolerance and RAPD analysis highlighted strain D216 as useful for further investigation of B. japonicum impact on drought reduction in symbiosis with soybean.Tolerantnost sojeva B. japonicum prema osmotskom stresu ispitana je na osnovu preživljavanja sojeva u rastvoru PEG-a. Najmanju tolerantnost prema osmotskom stresu pokazao je soj 511 (43.3%), dok je najtolerantniji bio soj D216 (sa 3.3% smanjenja rasta u prisustvu PEG-a). Ispitane su PGP osobine sojeva B. japonicum. Nijedan od pet sojeva B. japonicum nije produkovao siderofore, ureaznu aktivnost pokazali su sojevi 511 i 518, a sposobnost solubilizacije neorganskog tri-kalcijum fosfata imao je samo soj B. japonicum 518. RAPD analiza, prajmerima AP10, BC318, AF14 i SPH1, ukazala je na genetske razlike izmeÄu sojeva Bradyrhizobium. Prva grupa (sojevi 3, 6 i 518) pokazala je viÅ”e od 80% sliÄnosti. Sojevi 511 i D216 formiraju zasebne klastere. Razlika izmeÄu soja D216 i ostalih sojeva bila je veÄa od 60%, a maksimalna divergentnost od 72% zabeležena je u poreÄenju sa sojem 511. PGP osobine, tolerantnost prema osmotskom stresu i RAPD analiza izdvojili su soj D216 kao veoma znaÄajan za dalja istraživanja B. japonicum u smanjenju negativnih posledica suÅ”e na simbioznu zajednicu sa sojom
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