PETNAEST GODINA POSLE SLUČAJA BANKOVIĆ: PRAVO NA ŽIVOT I EKSTRATERITORIJALNI SLUČAJ

The end of last year had marked a ffteen year anniversary from the decision of the ECHR in the famous Banković case. In the mentioned case the Court had declared inadmisible the application related with human Right’s violations connected with the NATO bombing of the RTS (Serbian State TV building) in 1999. This decision, which was based on a very restrictive approach to Article 1 of the Convention and the ruling on the Court’s jurisdiction in the mentioned case, has had a profound influence on the latter case law. The idea behind this article is, by elaborating on the development and evolution of legal regime connected with Article 1 application in the extra teritorial group of cases – where the question of Right to life is being put forward in connection with the use of military force outside the Council of Europe’s legal space, to conduct a critical review on some of the problems in this section of the Court’s case law.Krajem protekle godine navršena je petnaestogodišnjica od odluke Evropskog suda za ljudska prava u slučaju Banković. Sud je tada proglasio neprihvatljivom predstavku koja se odnosila na povrede konvencijskih prava povezanih sa NATO bombardovanjem zgrade RTS-a 1999. Ova odluka, zasnovana na jednom izrazito restriktivnom pristupu tumačenju nadležnosti u smislu čl. 1 Konvencije, imala je dalekosežne posledice po sudsku praksu Evropskog suda za ljudska prava u slučajevima sa ekstrateritorijalnim elementom. Namera ovog rada je da, prikazujući razvoj i evoluciju pravnog režima koji se odnosi na primenu čl. 1 Konvencije u ekstrateritorijalnim slučajevima - u kojima se postavlja pitanje povreda prava na život u vezi sa primenom vojne sile van granica pravnog prostora Saveta Evrope, izvede jedan kritički osvrt u odnosu na neke od problema razmatranog dela pravne prakse ESLjP

Pseudohypoaldosteronism: report of three cases

Primary pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA-1) is a heterogeneous syndrome characterised by salt-wasting due to unresponsiveness of target organ to mineralocorticoids. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant pattern, and often is a result of the mutation de novo. It can be sub-classified into two distinguishable clinical entities: renal PHA type 1 (renal PHA-1) and multiple PHA type 1 (multiple PHA-1). Secondary (transient) PHA type 1 is usually associated with urinary tract infections complicating structural urinary tract anomalies. PHA type 2 (PHA-2, Gordon syndrome) is an entity inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.Three cases of PHA, two with renal PHA-1 and one with secondary PHA type 1, are reported.In all patients with salt-wasting and dehydration differentiation between congenital adrenal hyperplasia and PHA should be performed. Also, in the case with hyperkalaemia, hyponatremia and metabolic acidosis, urinary tract infection and obstructive uropathy should be excluded.Keywords: child, pseudohypoaldosteronism, renal type, transien

Uslovi rada i status mladih istraživača na univerzitetima, institutima i u nevladinom sektoru

Svrha studije je dubinsko sagledavanje problema i izazova sa kojima se suočavaju mladi istraživači na fakultetima, naučno-istraživačkim institutima i u organizacijama civilnog društva. Studija je nastala na osnovu fokus-grupnog intervjua sa 20 mladih istraživača i na osnovu diskusije tokom okruglog stola o položaju mladih istraživača u društvenim naukama. Pored metode fokus grupe korišćena je i analiza relevantne sekundarne literature, kao i strateškog i zakonskog okvira. Ključni nalazi dobijeni istraživanjem su da mladi istraživači u društvenim naukama pokušavaju da kombinuju rad u sektoru visokog obrazovanja i naučnog istraživanja i rad u neprofitnom sektoru, te da nedostatke u jednom sektoru pokušavaju da nadomeste radom u drugom. Mladi istraživači na fakultetima i institutima navode nedovoljnu finansijsku podršku za empirijska istraživanja i male plate kao osnovni razlog za dodatni rad u organizacijama civilnog društva (OCD). Uslovi rada u neprofitnom sektoru se smatraju boljim zbog efikasnije administrativne podrške i fleksibilnijih procedura u pisanju projektnih predloga i sprovođenju projekata. Pored toga, rad u organizacijama civilnog društva vidi se i kao prilika za sticanje znanja iz oblasti upravljanja projektima. Nemogućnost da se fokusiraju na doktorski rad i nedostatak finansijskih sredstava za terenska istraživanja predstavljaju najveću prepreku u radu mladih istraživača na fakultetima i institutima. Mladi, zaposleni na institutima i fakultetima, obično su angažovani u nastavi, zatim u sprovođenju projekata koje finansira ministarstvo, kao i na projektima međunarodnih donatora i imaju obaveze rada na svojim doktorskim tezama kako bi mogli da zadrže stečena zvanja i napreduju u profesiji. Sa druge strane, istraživači u OCD koje su projektno finansirane istovremeno rade na nekoliko često vrlo tematski različitih projekata kako bi iz projektnih fondova pokrili svoje plate. Stoga obe grupe mladih istraživača sebe percipiraju kao „rastrzane na 1000 strana“ što se na kraju odražava na kvalitet naučne produkcije.The aim of this study is to provide in-depth analysis of problems and challenges that young researcher are facing during their work at the universities, research institutes and civil society organizations. Study is developed on the basis of focus group interview held with 20 young researchers and on the basis of round table discussion about the position of young researchers in the social science research sector. Beside the focus group method, analysis of relevant secondary literature and legal and strategic framework was used. Key findings are that young researchers in the social sciences are trying to combine activities in the sector of higher education and scientific research and work in non-profit sector. In this way they are trying to overcome weaknesses of one specific sector by using advantages of other sectors. Young researchers from faculties and institutes claim that insufficient financial support for empirical research and low salaries are primary reasons for their additional activities in the civil society organizations. Conditions for work in this sector are perceived as better due to more funds for field work and more efficient administrative support in project implementation. In addition, work in the CSOs is also a chance for acquiring skills in project management. Consequently, inability to focus on their PhD thesis and lack of financial means for field work are the biggest obstacles for young researcher engaged with the faculties and institutes. Researchers employed in these organizations are usually engaged in teaching, in implementation of the projects financed by the Ministry, in the projects supported by international donors and they have commitments regarding their PhD thesis in order to keep their academic positions. On the other hand, researchers from CSOs which are funded by the project are working simultaneously on several thematically different projects in order to cover their salaries from the project funds. That's why both groups of researchers defined themselves as "overloaded". As a final consequence this leads to low quality of scientific production

Uslovi rada i status mladih istraživača na univerzitetima, institutima i u nevladinom sektoru

Svrha studije je dubinsko sagledavanje problema i izazova sa kojima se suočavaju mladi istraživači na fakultetima, naučno-istraživačkim institutima i u organizacijama civilnog društva. Studija je nastala na osnovu fokus-grupnog intervjua sa 20 mladih istraživača i na osnovu diskusije tokom okruglog stola o položaju mladih istraživača u društvenim naukama. Pored metode fokus grupe korišćena je i analiza relevantne sekundarne literature, kao i strateškog i zakonskog okvira. Ključni nalazi dobijeni istraživanjem su da mladi istraživači u društvenim naukama pokušavaju da kombinuju rad u sektoru visokog obrazovanja i naučnog istraživanja i rad u neprofitnom sektoru, te da nedostatke u jednom sektoru pokušavaju da nadomeste radom u drugom. Mladi istraživači na fakultetima i institutima navode nedovoljnu finansijsku podršku za empirijska istraživanja i male plate kao osnovni razlog za dodatni rad u organizacijama civilnog društva (OCD). Uslovi rada u neprofitnom sektoru se smatraju boljim zbog efikasnije administrativne podrške i fleksibilnijih procedura u pisanju projektnih predloga i sprovođenju projekata. Pored toga, rad u organizacijama civilnog društva vidi se i kao prilika za sticanje znanja iz oblasti upravljanja projektima. Nemogućnost da se fokusiraju na doktorski rad i nedostatak finansijskih sredstava za terenska istraživanja predstavljaju najveću prepreku u radu mladih istraživača na fakultetima i institutima. Mladi, zaposleni na institutima i fakultetima, obično su angažovani u nastavi, zatim u sprovođenju projekata koje finansira ministarstvo, kao i na projektima međunarodnih donatora i imaju obaveze rada na svojim doktorskim tezama kako bi mogli da zadrže stečena zvanja i napreduju u profesiji. Sa druge strane, istraživači u OCD koje su projektno finansirane istovremeno rade na nekoliko često vrlo tematski različitih projekata kako bi iz projektnih fondova pokrili svoje plate. Stoga obe grupe mladih istraživača sebe percipiraju kao „rastrzane na 1000 strana“ što se na kraju odražava na kvalitet naučne produkcije.The aim of this study is to provide in-depth analysis of problems and challenges that young researcher are facing during their work at the universities, research institutes and civil society organizations. Study is developed on the basis of focus group interview held with 20 young researchers and on the basis of round table discussion about the position of young researchers in the social science research sector. Beside the focus group method, analysis of relevant secondary literature and legal and strategic framework was used. Key findings are that young researchers in the social sciences are trying to combine activities in the sector of higher education and scientific research and work in non-profit sector. In this way they are trying to overcome weaknesses of one specific sector by using advantages of other sectors. Young researchers from faculties and institutes claim that insufficient financial support for empirical research and low salaries are primary reasons for their additional activities in the civil society organizations. Conditions for work in this sector are perceived as better due to more funds for field work and more efficient administrative support in project implementation. In addition, work in the CSOs is also a chance for acquiring skills in project management. Consequently, inability to focus on their PhD thesis and lack of financial means for field work are the biggest obstacles for young researcher engaged with the faculties and institutes. Researchers employed in these organizations are usually engaged in teaching, in implementation of the projects financed by the Ministry, in the projects supported by international donors and they have commitments regarding their PhD thesis in order to keep their academic positions. On the other hand, researchers from CSOs which are funded by the project are working simultaneously on several thematically different projects in order to cover their salaries from the project funds. That's why both groups of researchers defined themselves as "overloaded". As a final consequence this leads to low quality of scientific production

Analysis of the emission of SO2, NOx, and suspended particles from the thermal power plants Kostolac (Serbia)

The environmental situation related to the thermal power basin of Kostolac for the most part represents the result of the influence of the thermal power plants (TPPs) of Kostolac A, Kostolac B, and the open-pit lignite mine. The quality of air is monitored by continuously measuring concentrations of the overall precipitation matters and gases such as CO2, SO2, NOx, CO, and O-3. Values significantly exceeding the legal limits have been found for pollutants in the surroundings of the TPPs Kostolac A and B and in the direction of dominant winds. The paper analyzes the impact of different scenarios of emission of harmful matters from the blocks of TPPs Kostolac A and B on the quality of air in this part of Serbia. The Gaussian model has been used to evaluate dispersion of gas substances and suspended particulates as well as parameters related to the surroundings. Calculations have been made relating to ground-level concentrations of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and suspended particles at varying distances from the emission source

Nelinearna statička metoda postupnog guranja - pushover analiza AB okvira sa zidanom ispunom

U radu je ukratko opisana problematika proračuna AB okvira sa zidanom ispunom primenom nelinearne statičke metode(pushover analiza). Prikazani su različiti načini modeliranja zidane ispune. Izvršena je pushover analiza AB okvira (P+5) sa zidanom ispunom. Prvo je izvršeno dimenzionisanje AB okvira prema Evrokodu. Nakon toga je sprovedena pushover analiza AB okvira primenom programskog paketa SAP2000. Razmatran je model AB okvira bez ispune i model gde je ispuna modelirana pomoću zamenjujućih dijagonala. Na kraju je data uporedna analiza rezultata iz ova dva modela.In this paper, procedures used for static nonlinear analysis (pushover analysis) of RC frames with masonry infill are presented. Also, different ways how to model masonry infill are described. On the example of RC frames with five stories, the application of pushover analysis is presented. As a first step, RC frame is designed according to Eurocodes. After that, pushover analysis is conducted using somputer program SAP2000. Two computer models are considered. One of RC frame without masonry infill, and other where masonry infill is modeled using diagonal struts. As conclusion, a comparative study of results obtained from previosly described computer models of RC frame is given

When Should We Stop Investing in a Scientific Project? The Halting Problem in Experimental Physics

The question of when to stop an unsuccessful experiment can be difficult to answer from an individual perspective. To help to guide these decisions, we turn to the social epistemology of science and investigate knowledge inquisition within a group. We focused on the expensive and lengthy experiments in high energy physics, which were suitable for citation-based analysis because of the relatively quick and reliable consensus about the importance of results in the field. In particular, we tested whether the time spent on a scientific project correlates with the project output. Our results are based on data from the high energy physics laboratory Fermilab. They point out that there is an epistemic saturation point in experimenting, after which the likelihood of obtaining major results drops. With time the number of less significant publications does increase, but highly cited ones do not get published. Since many projects continue to run after the epistemic saturation point, it becomes clearer that decisions made about continuing them are not always rational