Description of a new approach for great auricular and auriculotemporal nerve blocks: A cadaveric study in foxes and dogs

Otitis externa is a painful condition that may require surgical intervention in dogs. A balanced analgesia protocol should combine systemic analgesic agents and local anaesthesia techniques. The aim of the study was to find anatomical landmarks for the great auricular and the auriculotemporal nerves that transmit nociceptive information from the ear pinna and to develop the optimal technique for a nerve block. The study consisted of two phases. In phase I, one fox cadaver was used for dissection and anatomical localization of the auricular nerves to derive landmarks for needle insertion. Eight fox cadavers were subsequently used to evaluate the accuracy of the technique by injecting methylene blue bilaterally. In phase II findings from phase I were applied in four Beagle canine cadavers. A block was deemed successful if more than 0.6 cm of the nerve's length was stained. Successful great auricular nerve block was achieved by inserting the needle superficially along the wing of the atlas with the needle pointing towards the jugular groove. For the auriculotemporal nerve block the needle was inserted perpendicular to the skin at the caudal lateral border of the zygomatic arch, close to the temporal process. The overall success rate was 24 out of 24 (100%) and 22 out of 24 (91%) for the great auricular and the auriculotemporal nerves, respectively, while the facial nerve was stained on three occasions. Our results suggest that it is feasible to achieve a block of the auricular nerves, based on anatomical landmarks, without concurrently affecting the facial nerv

К вопросу инвестиций в угольные шахты

Визначено доцільність інвестицій у вугільне виробництво України. Розглянуто шляхи підвищення інвестиційної привабливості вугільних шахт України, а також формування відповідного інвестиційного клімату у державі. Ключові слова: економіка, інвестиції, інновації, собівартість, прибуток, вугледобувні підприємства.Определена целесообразность инвестиций в угольное производство Украины. Рассмотрены пути повышения инвестиционной привлекательности угольных шахт Украины, а также формирования соответствующего инвестиционного климата в стране. Ключевые слова: экономика, инвестиции, инновации, себестоимость, прибыль, угледобывающие предприятия.Determine the feasibility of investment in coal production in Ukraine. Ways of improvement of investment attractiveness of Ukraine’s coal mines, as well as the formation of the investment climate in the country. Key words: economy, investment, innovations, prime cost, profit, coal producing plants

Entwicklung, Bedeutung und Erfolgsfaktoren von Bio- Vermarktungsinitiativen in der Schweiz, Österreich und Deutschland

Problemstellung/Ziele: In Rahmen des EU Projektes "Organic Marketing Initiatives and Rural Development" (OMIaRD; QLK5-2000-01124) wurden in neun verschiedenen Ländern Untersuchungen zur Bedeutung von Vermarktungsprojekten für die Entwicklung des Biomarktes und des ländlichen Raums durchgeführt. Die entsprechenden Projektergebnisse aus den deutschsprachigen Ländern (DE, AT, CH) sollen in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt werden. Fazit: Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass Bio-Vermarktungsinitiativen erfolgreich am Markt operieren können und dies auch bei unterschiedlichem Grad äusserer Benachteiligung (Klima, Boden, Topographie, Marktferne). Als wichtige Faktoren wurden eine strategische und straffe Unternehmensführung, kompetentes Management, eine qualitäts-orientierte Produktpolitik, eine solide und angemessene Finanzstrategie vor allem auch eine vertrauensvolle Kooperation und Koordination mit den Marktpartnern, herausgearbeitet

The Safety and efficacy of a new self-expandable intratracheal nitinol stent for the tracheal collapse in dogs

To evaluate the potential utility of a self-expandable intratracheal nitinol stent with flared ends for the treatment of tracheal collapse in dogs, endotracheal stenting therapy was performed under fluoroscopic guidance in four dogs with severe tracheal collapse. During the 4 to 7 month follow-up, after stent implantation, clinical signs, including dyspnea and respiratory distress, dramatically improved in all dogs. The radiographs showed that the implanted stents improved the tracheal collapse, and there were no side effects such as collapse, shortening or migration of the stents. In conclusion, the self-expandable intratracheal nitinol stents provided adequate stability to the trachea and were effective for attenuating the clinical signs associated with severe tracheal collapse

Analgesic management of an eight-year-old Springer Spaniel after amputation of a thoracic limb

Analgesic agents were administered perioperatively to an eight-year-old Springer Spaniel undergoing amputation of its right thoracic limb. The amputation was carried out due to a painful, infiltrative and poorly differentiated sarcoma involving the nerves of the brachial plexus. A combination of pre-emptive and multimodal perioperative analgesic strategies was used; including intravenous (IV) infusions of fentanyl, morphine, lidocaine and ketamine

Evaluation of the Palmaz stent in the trachea and bronchi of normal dogs

Due to the character of the original source materials and the nature of batch digitization, quality control issues may be present in this document. Please report any quality issues you encounter to [email protected], referencing the URI of the item.Includes bibliographical references.Issued also on microfiche from Lange Micrographics.The Palmaz stent was placed in the trachea and mainstem bronchi of 10 healthy beagle dogs. Stent size was estimated from thoracic radiographs in awake dogs. Group I dogs (n=4) had two stents placed: one in the thoracic trachea (TT) plus a randomly chosen mainstem bronchus (MB). Group R dogs (n=3) also had a stent placed in the mid-or proximal cervical trachea (CT). Three dogs were used as sham-operated controls (Group HI). Temperature, pulse, respiration, and cough were measured twice daily. Dogs were evaluated at 21 and 49-56 days after stent placement, euthanized, and tissues were harvested for histomorphometric analysis of stent integration and epithelial pathology. Mean tracheal diameters of awake (10.51︢.7 mm) and anesthetized dogs prior to stent implantation (13.92︢.0 mm) were.significantly different (P<0.01). Complications associated with stent placement included acute pulmonary edema (n=2), stent rfflgration (n=7), stent collapse (n=4 CT, 2 TT, and 1 MB), and positive tracheal culture (n=10). Group R dogs coughed more at rest, exercise, and with tracheal palpation than dogs in other groups (P<0.01). Group I dogs coughed more at rest than Group HI dogs (P<0.01). Stent integration ranged from 0-91.33%. Squamous metaplasia associated with stents ranged from 0-57.53%; epithelial ulceration ranged from 0-32.73%. Determnation of stent sized should be based on measurements taken on anesthetized dogs because use of inappropriately sized stents may promote stent migration, squarnous metaplasia, and/or ulceration. Epithelialization over stent struts may occur if the stent is closely associated with the tracheal epithelium. Palmaz stents do not appear to be appropriate for placement in the CT; however, with technical modifications, application in the TT and MB may be feasible