Optimization of bauxite surface mine L-1 using the moving slopes method : master’s thesis

U radu je obrađena optimizacija površinskog kopa boksita „Skakavac“. Samo ležište se nalazi u BiH, u općini Jajce u županiji Središnja Bosna. Topografske karte su korištene kao podloga za izradu situacijske karte ležišta. Geološkom prospekcijom, istražnim radovima i bušotinama definirano je nalazište boksita. Izrađen je 3D model terena i 3D model rudnog tijela koristeći program Bentley Microstation. Sama obrada dobivenih podataka i njihovo generiranje, triangulacija izvedene su u programu Bently InRoads. Opisane su suvremene metode projektiranja površinskih kopova, s naglaskom na primjenu metode pomičnih kosina. Proračun rezervi boksita izrađen je metodom modeliranja. Izrađeno je više modela površinskog kopa i utvrđena je optimalna kontura kopa.This paper deals with optimization of bauxite surface "Skakavac". The bauxite reservoir is located in BiH, in the Jajce municipality in Central Bosnia. Topographic maps were used as a basis for creating a situation map of the deposit. Geological screening, exploration works and wells have been defined as bauxite sites. A 3D model of terrain and a 3D model of the mining body was developed using the Bentley Microstation program. The same processing of the data obtained and their generation and triangulation were performed in Bently InRoads. Modern design methods of surface mines are described, with emphasis on the application of the moving slope method. Budget of bauxite reserves were made by the modeling method. Several surface finishing models were developed and the optimal contour of the mine was determined

Systemic sclerosis - introductory lecture

Sistemska skleroza (SSc) je patogenetski složena bolest. Drži se da su u zbivanje uključeni endotel, epitel, fibroblasti i imunološki medijatori, rezultat je poremećeno vaskularno remodeliranje i u konačnici vaskulopatija. Endotelna stanična ozljeda je rani i vjerojatno početni događaj, iako etiološka zbivanja nisu posve jasna. Vaskularno oštećenje i tkivna fibroza su prošireni u SSc i glavna su podloga kliničkih manifestacija, te posljedičnog morbiditeta i mortaliteta. Današnja terapija SSc je u naravi imunomodulatorna. Učinkovita terapija podrazumijeva direktno uplitanje u fibrozirajuće procese, što zahtijeva točnu spoznaju o ulozi pojedinih stanica i njihovih produkata u nastanku fibroze.The pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc) is complex and appears to involve endothelium, epithelium, fibroblasts and immunological mediators, resulting in dysregulated vascular remodelling and ultimately vasculopathy. Endothelial cell injury is an early and probably initiating event, but the precise aethyology remains unclear. Vascular damage and tissue fibrosis are widespread in SSc and largely account for the protean clinical manifestations and substantial morbidity and mortality. Current therapies are primarily immunomodulatory in nature. Effective therapy will require directly targeting the fibrotic process and will necessitate an improved understanding of the roles of individual cell types and their products in the development of fibrosis

THE ROLE OF BIOMARKERS IN OSTEOARTHRITIS

Tijekom sljedećih nekoliko desetljeća postat ćemo svjedoci starenja populacije i porasta učestalosti mišićnokoštanih bolesti koje će utjecati na troškove društva. Većinu tih bolesti, među kojima je i osteoartritis, dijagnosticiramo radiološki, ali tada su već nastale uznapredovale promjene koje je teže liječiti. Uobičajene pretrage ne pružaju dovoljno informacija o izvoru boli i obično ne koreliraju s bolesnikovim simptomima ili funkcionalnim mogućnostima. Personalizirana medicina rastuće je polje medicine koje uključuje planiranje liječenja prema bolesnikovom genomu. Važnost razvoja bioloških markera (biomarkera) jest evidentna. Za osteoartritis biomarkeri mogu omogućiti ranu neinvazivnu procjenu mjesta i težine oštećenja tkiva i postojanje upale. S pomoću biomarkera lakše će se oblikovati terapijski ciljevi i planirati liječenje prema supkategorizaciji bolesnika, stupnju bolesti i njegovim individualnim potrebama. Članak je pregled kroz trenutačno stanje u razvoju i mogućoj upotrebi biomarkera u bolesnika s osteoartritisom.In the next few decades we will witness an aging population with an increase in degenerative musculoskeletal conditions affecting the costs to society. The majority of conditions such as osteoarthritis are primarily diagnosed radiographically, by which time the disease process has often advanced and is difficult to treat. The commonly available studies provide inadequate information as to the exact pain generator, and findings often do not correlate with the patients’ symptoms or functional capacity. Personalized medicine is an emerging field that involves formulating treatments based on a patient’s own biology. The importance of developing biological markers (biomarkers) is evident. In osteoarthritis, biomarkers could provide an early non-invasive method of assessing the location and severity of tissue damage and the presence of inflammation. With the help of biomarkers treatment targets could be identified and treatments created according to specific subgroups, stages, and individual needs of each patient. The present article is a review of the development of biomarker candidates in osteoarthritis

SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS – PATHOGENESIS, CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND TREATMENT

Difuzna sistemska skleroza (SSc) kronična je multisistemska bolest nepoznata uzroka karakterizirana fibrozom kože, krvnih žila i unutarnjih organa. Patogeneza SSc nije razjašnjena a uključuje imunosne mehanizme, oštećenje krvnih žila i aktivaciju fibroblasta. Iako je tijek bolesti potpuno nepredvidiv, u pravilu je obilježen postupnim napredovanjem do manifestnog zatajenja jednog ili više organskih sustava. Budući da do danas nije pronađeno etiološko liječenje, primjenjuju se simptomatske mjere, primarno određene dominantno zahvaćenim organskim sustavima. U pregledu se raspravlja o patogenezi, kliničkim manifestacijama i trenutačnim principima liječenja bolesnika sa SSc.Diffuse systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic disease of unknown cause characterized by diffuse fibrosis and vascular abnormalities in the skin and internal organs. Pathogenesis of SSc involves immunologic mechanisms, vascular damage and activation of fibroblasts. SSc varies in severity and progression; most patients eventually develop visceral complications, which are the usual causes of death. No drug significantly influences the natural history of SSc overall, but various drugs are of value in treating specific symptoms or organ systems. This review discusses pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and possible treatment of SSc

The Treatment of Autistic Children with Risperidone

Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder characterised by impairment in social interaction and communication, with unusual behavior. In some cases the pharmacotherapy is prescribed and the most studied antipshychotic drugs include haloperidol and risperidone. In this paper we displayed the treatment of two cases of autism in boy and girl with risperidone. With the use of risperidone in girl, we have achieved reduction of psychomotor symptoms and reduction of hetero-aggressive and self-destructive behavior, and in boy we have also achieved reduction of psychomotoric symptoms, with improvement in contact with his surrounding, he had less learning problems and he has felt familiar not only with his mother, but with other persons. Research on the use of risperidone in the treatment of autistic disorders among children in Croatia are rare, given the limited use of risperidone in children younger than 15 years, the question arises about the need to expand the scope of application of risperidone in younger age groups

Glukokortikoidima izazva na osteoporoza

Glucocorticoid therapy is the most common cause of secondary osteoporosis and the leading iatrogenic cause of the disease. Often, the presenting manifestation is fracture, which occurs in 30% to 50% of patients receiving long-term glucocorticoid therapy. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis predominantly affects regions of the skeleton that have abundant cancellous bone such as lumbar spine and proximal femur. Progress has been made in clarifying the pathophysiological mechanisms that result in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Although the options for prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis continue to expand, provider compliance with preventive measures remains suboptimal.Liječenje glukokortikoidima je najčešći uzrok sekundarne osteoporoze i vodeći jatrogeni uzrok bolesti. Učestala manifestacija je prijelom koji se javlja u 30% do 50% bolesnika koji su uzimali dugotrajnu glukokortikoidnu terapiju. Glukokortikoidima izazvana osteoporoza uglavnom utječe na trabekularnu kost, kao što je lumbalna kralježnica i proksimalni dio bedrene kosti. Ostvaren je napredak u razjašnjavanju patofizioloških mehanizama koji rezultiraju glukokortikoidima izazvanom osteoporozom. Iako su mogućnosti za prevenciju i liječenje glukokortikoidima izazvane osteoporoze sve veće, dosadašnje preventivne mjere kao i liječenje su nedostatni