Classical and Quantum Mechanics of Anyons

We review aspects of classical and quantum mechanics of many anyons confined in an oscillator potential. The quantum mechanics of many anyons is complicated due to the occurrence of multivalued wavefunctions. Nevertheless there exists, for arbitrary number of anyons, a subset of exact solutions which may be interpreted as the breathing modes or equivalently collective modes of the full system. Choosing the three-anyon system as an example, we also discuss the anatomy of the so called ``missing'' states which are in fact known numerically and are set apart from the known exact states by their nonlinear dependence on the statistical parameter in the spectrum. Though classically the equations of motion remains unchanged in the presence of the statistical interaction, the system is non-integrable because the configuration space is now multiply connected. In fact we show that even though the number of constants of motion is the same as the number of degrees of freedom the system is in general not integrable via action-angle variables. This is probably the first known example of a many body pseudo-integrable system. We discuss the classification of the orbits and the symmetry reduction due to the interaction. We also sketch the application of periodic orbit theory (POT) to many anyon systems and show the presence of eigenvalues that are potentially non-linear as a function of the statistical parameter. Finally we perform the semiclassical analysis of the ground state by minimizing the Hamiltonian with fixed angular momentum and further minimization over the quantized values of the angular momentum.Comment: 44 pages, one figure, eps file. References update

A Novel MPPT Technique based on Hybrid Radial Movement Optimization with Teaching Learning Based Optimization for PV system

Because of its pure and plentiful accessibility, solar power is a remarkable resource of energy for the generation of electrical power. The solar photovoltaic mechanism transforms sunlight striking the photovoltaic solar panel or array of photovoltaic panels directly into non-linear DC power. Due to the nonlinear characteristics of solar photovoltaic panels, power must be tracked for their effective usage. When the photovoltaic arrays are shaded, the problem of nonlinearity becomes more pronounced, resulting in large power loss and intensive heating in a few areas of the photovoltaic arrangement. The tracking challenge is made more difficult by the fact that bypass diodes, which are used to completely eradicate the shading effect, generate numerous power peak levels on the power vs. voltage (P-V) curve. Traditional methods for tracing the global peak point are unable to examine the entire P-V curve as they frequently get stuck at the local peak point. Recently, machine learning or optimization algorithms have been used to determine the global peak point. Because these algorithms are random, they search the entire search area, reducing the possibility of being caught in the local maximum value. This article proposes a hybrid of two optimization approaches: radial movement optimization and teaching-learning optimization (HRMOTLBO). The proposed MPPT method was thoroughly investigated and tested in a wide range of photovoltaic partial shading combinations. The recommended HRMOTLBO MPPT approach outperforms and is more reliable than a recent Jaya-based MPPT approach in terms of tracing time and power variation under dynamic and static partial shading conditions. Experimental as well as simulation outcomes demonstrate that the proposed MPPT successfully traces the global peak point in less time and with fewer fluctuations during various partial shading conditions

PHYTOSYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM RUELLIA TUBEROSA (L.): EFFECT OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS

Objective: The current study focused on synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Ruellia tuberosa aqueous tuber extract (RTTE) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution. Methods: AgNPs were synthesized using an aqueous tuber extract of the medicinal herb R. tuberosa (L.). The existence of significant phytoconstituents involved in synthesizing the AgNPs was determined using the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) study. We evaluated the physical and chemical parameters such as the effect of time, temperature, metal ion concentration, crude aqueous tuber extract concentration, and pH in the synthesis of nanoparticles. The AgNPs were characterized using ultraviolet (UV)–Vis spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques. Results: R. tuberosa tuber extract was rich in various phytochemical constituents which were identified by GC–MS. For biosynthesis, the optimal values were 1 mM AgNO3concentration, 0.1 mL of aqueous tuber extract, and a 40 min incubation temperature of 70°C. The existence of a characteristic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 421 nm indicated the biosynthesis of AgNPs using UV–Vis spectroscopy. At higher temperatures and alkaline pH, the development of AgNPs increased overtime and remained stable up to 4 weeks. FESEM, EDX, HRTEM, SAED, and XRD analysis revealed that most AgNPs were spherical, with an average size distribution of 34.9 nm and a crystalline phase, face-centered cubic lattice. Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis revealed that hydroxyl and amino functional groups were involved in the biosynthesis and stabilization of AgNPs. Conclusion: The synthesis of AgNPs from R. tuberosa aqueous tuber extract was a cost-effective process and environmental friendly

Design of a Secure Architecture for Last Mile Communication in Smart Grid Systems

AbstractEver increasing need of electricity has paved the need for Smart Grids. Smart Meters, digitalized networks and fault tolerant systems are the basic infrastructure which supports Smart Grid. Security in Smart Grid has become a major concern in the present scenario. In this paper we have proposed security architecture at the last mile distribution in Home Area Networks. A Secure communication architecture has been modeled which focuses on secure data transmission between the Smart Meters at home and Central Gateway at the utility centre. Hybrid Encryption algorithms and Digital Signature has been used to provide data integrity. The strength of the model has been verified with the help of an attacker and the model is found to resist attacks. The Encryption time and Decryption time of the cyptostack is lower when compared with other encryption algorithms

Ovarian mass in pregnancy: case series

Ovarian masses in pregnancy are not uncommon. Ovarian masses during pregnancy should be accurately evaluated to identify the patients who need surgical interventions from those where it can be managed conservatively. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are safe diagnostic tools during pregnancy. The overall incidence of ovarian tumours in pregnancy is 2.4-5.7%. Most masses are functional and asymptomatic and up to 70% resolve spontaneously in the second trimester. Both open surgery and laparoscopy can be performed considering the tumour diameter, gestational age and associated complications. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary in case of high suspicion of malignancy. This study evaluates the clinical features, course in pregnancy, management and pregnancy outcome in patients with ovarian masses diagnosed during pregnancy. This was a retrospective analysis of medical records of 6 patients diagnosed with ovarian mass during pregnancy in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Kanachur Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalore from June 2019 to June 2020

The study of causes, mode of delivery in intrauterine fetal death and associated complications

Background: Intra uterine fetal death (IUFD) is defined as the baby born with no signs of life at or after 28 weeks of gestation. It is important to diagnose the cause in order to avoid further recurrence and to treat any maternal associated factors. The aim of the present study was to calculate incidence of IUFD in our hospital and know the causes, mode of delivery, associated complications. So we can take measures to prevent them in future.Methods: The retrospective study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Kanachur Medical College, Mangalore from January 2017 to January 2020. The women with confirmed diagnosis of IUFD on Ultrasound and beyond 28 weeks of gestation were included in the study.Results: In the study period, total 2026 patients delivered, of which 40 cases were IUFD, hence our incidence rate was 19.74 per 1000 population. 62.5% cases were multigravida. 15% had previous history of abortions while 5% previously had IUFD. In 37.5% cases, the cause was unknown, followed by 22.5% having pregnancy induced hypertension. Anemia contributed to 17.5% and placental causes in 12.5%. 10% of the women had PPH. One patient had sepsis, followed by acute renal failure and later died of multi organ failure.Conclusions: All the causes are not preventable, many of them can be identified early in pregnancy and thus IUFD can be prevented. All the high risk pregnancies should undergo antenatal fetal surveillance and should have frequent ante natal visits to reduce IUFD rates

Potential anti-seizure activity of atorvastatin in rat models of seizure

Background: Atorvastatin belongs to the class of Hypolipidemic statins. Increasing evidence indicates that statins are neuroprotective in several conditions, including stroke, cerebral ischemia and traumatic brain injury. However, only scanty and controversial reports are available on anticonvulsant action of statins. The present study therefore aims at exploring the influence of atorvastatin on seizures as compared to standard anticonvulsants phenytoin and sodium valproate in Wistar rats.Methods: Rats were divided into 8 groups (n=6), each treated intraperitoneally (i.p) with atorvastatin, phenytoin or sodium valproate in their therapeutic equivalent doses. Their effects were evaluated on seizures induced by maximum electroshock seizure (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). Hind limb extension (HLE) in MES model, number of seizures, duration of seizure, number of myoclonic jerks and time for onset as well as recovery from seizures in PTZ model were monitored. Statistical analysis was done using Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U test for significance.Results: Atorvastatin failed to protect rats against HLE in MES seizure model. However, atorvastatin significantly prolonged seizure onset time (p<0.0547), decreased seizure number (p<0.0082), seizure duration (p<0.0547) and recovery time (p<0.0040) in PTZ model indicating its potential antiepileptic activity in PTZ model.Conclusions: Atorvastatin exhibited protection against seizures only in PTZ seizure model. Hence, it could possess anti absence seizure activity. This needs to be established with further systematic animal and clinical studies

Awareness and knowledge of human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine in prevention of cervical cancer among medical students

Background: Cervical cancer is the most common malignancy amongst women in India. Identification and prevention of the pre-cancerous lesions helps to reduce the incidence of Carcinoma of cervix. The main aim of the study is to know the awareness and knowledge of HPV vaccine in prevention of cervical cancer among medical students.Methods: The study included 97 medical students (final year) studying in Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore. It is a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study.Results: The results of awareness and knowledge about the HPV vaccine are interpreted in percentage. In this study, 76% of study subjects were aware that cancer cervix is preventable, 80% of the study subjects were aware about the association between the causation of cancer cervix by HPV. Majority of the study subjects about 72% ware about the vaccines for HPV but, awareness about the cost and efficacy of the vaccine was low only about 30% and 10% respectively. However, importantly students had a positive attitude to educate people regarding HPV vaccination and also to clear myths and misconceptions.Conclusions: Medical students should be educated regarding HPV infection, risk factors for causation of cervical cancer, screening methods which are available, HPV vaccines available in India and also about the efficacy and to motivate the society to have a positive attitude towards HPV vaccination by clearing the misconceptions regarding its information

Torsion of dermoid cyst in a perimenopausal woman: a case report

Mature cystic teratoma comprise 20-30% of all ovarian tumours. They are mostly seen in patients between 20 and 40 years of age and are mostly asymptomatic. Incidence of malignancy is high in perimenopausal and postmenopausal group. Here, authors report a case of torsion of dermoid cyst presenting unusually in a 45-year-old perimenopausal woman with acute abdomen. A 45-year-old perimenopausal woman presented with lower abdominal pain of 8 hours duration and 3-4 episodes of vomiting. Abdominal examination revealed a regular, firm to cystic, tender abdomino-pelvic mass corresponding to the size of 28 weeks gravid uterus by palpation. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed the presence of right ovarian cyst measuring 12.9x12.8x10.1 cm. Total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo oopherectomy was done. Histopathological examination confirmed mature cystic teratoma. Although mature cystic teratoma is rare after 40 years age, especially in perimenopausal women and are usually malignant in that age group, it can have an unusual age presentation at 45 years with benign nature as in present case