Explainable extreme boosting model for breast cancer diagnosis

This study investigates the Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) of the extreme boosting (XGBoost) model for breast cancer diagnosis. The study employed Wisconsin’s breast cancer dataset, characterized by 30 features extracted from an image of a breast cell. SHAP module generated different explainer values representing the impact of a breast cancer feature on breast cancer diagnosis. The experiment computed SHAP values of 569 samples of the breast cancer dataset. The SHAP explanation indicates perimeter and concave points have the highest impact on breast cancer diagnosis. SHAP explains the XGB model diagnosis outcome showing the features affecting the XGBoost model. The developed XGB model achieves an accuracy of 98.42%

Investigating early iron finds from Mayiladumparai Tamil Nadu

The paper covers preliminary metallurgical investigations related to the ferrous metal finds excavated at the Iron Age stie of Mayiladumparai by Tamil Nadu State Department of Archaeolog

Late-onset retinal degeneration pathology de to mutations in CTRP5 is mediated through HTRA1

Late-onset retinal degeneration (L-ORD) is an autosomal dominant macular degeneration characterized by the formation of sub-retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) deposits and neuroretinal atrophy. L-ORD results from mutations in the C1q-tumor necrosis factor-5 protein (CTRP5), encoded by the CTRP5/C1QTNF5 gene. To understand the mechanism underlying L-ORD pathology, we used a human cDNA library yeast two-hybrid screen to identify interacting partners of CTRP5. Additionally, we analyzed the Bruch's membrane/choroid (BM-Ch) from wild-type (Wt), heterozygous S163R Ctrp5 mutation knock-in (Ctrp5S163R/wt ), and homozygous knock-in (Ctrp5S163R/S163R ) mice using mass spectrometry. Both approaches showed an association between CTRP5 and HTRA1 via its C-terminal PDZ-binding motif, stimulation of the HTRA1 protease activity by CTRP5, and CTRP5 serving as an HTRA1 substrate. The S163R-CTRP5 protein also binds to HTRA1 but is resistant to HTRA1-mediated cleavage. Immunohistochemistry and proteomic analysis showed significant accumulation of CTRP5 and HTRA1 in BM-Ch of Ctrp5S163R/S163R and Ctrp5S163R/wt mice compared with Wt. Additional extracellular matrix (ECM) components that are HTRA1 substrates also accumulated in these mice. These results implicate HTRA1 and its interaction with CTRP5 in L-ORD pathology

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570

Metamagnetism in Ce(Ga,Al)(2)

Effect of Al substitution on the magnetic properties of Ce(Ga1-xAlx)(2) (x = 0, 0.1 and 0.5) system has been studied. The magnetic state of CeGa2 is found to be FM with a T-C of 8 K, whereas the compounds with x = 0.1 and 0.5 are AFM and possess T-N of about 9 K. These two compounds undergo metamagnetic transition and the critical fields are about 1.2 T and 0.5 T, respectively at 2 K. These variations are explained on the basis of helical spin structure in these compounds

<span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold" lang="EN-US">Effect of crystallite size on electron spin resonance of Gd³⁺ and luminescence of Eu³⁺ doped in La₆WO₁₂ </span>

204-208Nano-sized Eu3+ and Gd3+ doped lanthanum tungstates of composition La6-xLnxWO12 (Ln = Eu, Gd; 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) are prepared by sol-gel complexation method. These samples are characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The average crystallite size is calculated from the XRD using Scherer’s equation. The electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrum of Gd3+ doped lanthanum tungstate (La6WO12) gives characteristic “U” type spectrum. The luminescence spectrum of Eu3+ doped La6WO12 gives characteristic 5D0→7Fn (n = 0 to 4) bands due to trivalent europium ions. The intensity of 5D0→7F2 transition decreases with increase in the sintering temperature due to depletion of surface Eu3+ ions. The intensity of 5D0→7F2 sintered at 700°C has highest intensity and may have laser applications