78 research outputs found
Freedom from religion is fundamental to the human rights system but it is under threat
In recent years there has been an attempt to redraw the boundaries of human rights on grounds of traditionalism, religion and conservatism. Frances Raday argues that current debates regarding state and religion should be determined on the basis of their impact on human rights, without deference to religious norms or sentiments
CEDAW and the Jurisprudence of UN Human Rights Mechanisms: Womenâs Human Rights in the Context of Religion and Culture
Cet article examine les problĂšmes inhĂ©rents au patriarcat religieux dans les rĂ©gimes traditionnels, (le judaĂŻsme, le christianisme, lâislamisme) qui posent face aux droits humains les dĂ©fis idĂ©ologiques entre eux et les groupes internationaux qui font la promotion des droits humains laĂŻcs (CEDEF et les autres). Lâauteure admet que les mĂ©canismes Ă lâintĂ©rieur des Nations Unis nâont pas essayĂ© de crĂ©er une synergie entre la libertĂ© religieuse ou la croyance et lâĂ©galitĂ© entre les hommes et les femmes. Ces deux domaines, souvent conflictuels rendent les femmes particuliĂšrement vulnĂ©rables. Lâauteure prĂ©conise un rĂ©gime dâune âempathie normative universelleâ qui sera rĂ©ussi seulement si les droits humains laĂŻcs seront alignĂ©s sur le progrĂšs en hermĂ©neutique des femmes qui installeront lâĂ©galitĂ© dans leur religion
Women in Law in Israel: A Study of the Relationship Between Professional Integration and Feminism
Women in Law in Israel: A Study of the Relationship Between Professional Integration and Feminism
En los nidos del nacionalsocialismo
Sobre La cinta blanca (Das weisse band), dirigida por Michael Haneke. Con Ulrich Tukur, Burghart Klaussner y Steffi KĂŒhnert
Bimodal release ondansetron for acute gastroenteritis among adolescents and adults: A randomized clinical trial
Importance: Vomiting resulting from acute gastroenteritis is commonly treated with intravenous antiemetics in acute care settings. If oral treatment were beneficial, patients might not need intravenous administered hydration or medication. Furthermore, a long-acting treatment could provide sustained relief from nausea and vomiting.
Objective: To determine whether an experimental long-acting bimodal release ondansetron tablet decreases gastroenteritis-related vomiting and eliminates the need for intravenous therapy for 24 hours after administration.
Design, Setting, and Participants: This placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical trial included patients from 19 emergency departments and 2 urgent care centers in the United States from December 8, 2014, to February 17, 2017. Patients 12 years and older with at least 2 vomiting episodes from presumed gastroenteritis in the previous 4 hours and symptoms with less than 36 hours\u27 duration were randomized using a 3:2 active to placebo ratio. Analyses were performed on an intent-to-treat basis and conducted from June 1, 2017, to November 1, 2017.
Intervention: Bimodal release ondansetron tablet containing 6 mg of immediate release ondansetron and 18 mg of a 24-hour release matrix for a total of 24 mg of ondansetron.
Main Outcomes and Measures: Treatment success was defined as no further vomiting, no need for rescue medication, and no intravenous hydration for 24 hours after bimodal release ondansetron administration.
Results: Analysis included 321 patients (mean [SD] age, 29.0 [11.1] years; 195 [60.7%] women), with 192 patients in the bimodal release ondansetron group and 129 patients in the placebo group. Treatment successes were observed in 126 patients in the bimodal release ondansetron group (65.6%) compared with 70 patients in the placebo group (54.3%), with an 11.4% (95% CI, 0.3%-22.4%) absolute probability difference. The proportion of treatment success was 21% higher among patients who received bimodal release ondansetron compared with those who received a placebo (relative risk, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.00-1.46; Pâ=â.04). In an analysis including only patients with a discharge diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis and no major protocol violations, there were 123 treatment successes (69.5%) in the bimodal release ondansetron group compared with 67 treatment successes (54.9%) in the placebo group (relative risk, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.05-1.53; Pâ=â.01). Adverse effects were infrequent and similar to the known safety profile of ondansetron.
Conclusions and Relevance: This randomized clinical trial found that a long-acting bimodal release oral ondansetron tablet was an effective antiemetic among adolescents and adults with moderate to severe vomiting from acute gastroenteritis. The drug benefits extended to 24 hours after administration. Bimodal release ondansetron may decrease the need for intravenous access and emergency department care to manage acute gastroenteritis.
Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02246439
Hybrid silicon evanescent approach to optical interconnects
We discuss the recently developed hybrid silicon evanescent platform (HSEP), and its application as a promising candidate for optical interconnects in silicon. A number of key discrete components and a wafer-scale integration process are reviewed. The motivation behind this work is to realize silicon-based photonic integrated circuits possessing unique advantages of IIIâV materials and silicon-on-insulator waveguides simultaneously through a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor fabrication process. Electrically pumped hybrid silicon distributed feedback and distributed Bragg reflector lasers with integrated hybrid silicon photodetectors are demonstrated coupled to SOI waveguides, serving as the reliable on-chip single-frequency light sources. For the external signal processing, MachâZehnder interferometer modulators are demonstrated, showing a resistance-capacitance-limited, 3Â dB electrical bandwidth up to 8 GHz and a modulation efficiency of 1.5Â VÂ mm. The successful implementation of quantum well intermixing technique opens up the possibility to realize multiple IIIâV bandgaps in this platform. Sampled grating DBR devices integrated with electroabsorption modulators (EAM) are fabricated, where the bandgaps in gain, mirror, and EAM regions are 1520, 1440 and 1480Â nm, respectively. The high-temperature operation characteristics of the HSEP are studied experimentally and theoretically. An overall characteristic temperature (T
0) of 51°C, an above threshold characteristic temperature (T
1) of 100°C, and a thermal impedance (Z
T
) of 41.8°C/W, which agrees with the theoretical prediction of 43.5°C/W, are extracted from the FabryâPerot devices. Scaling this platform to larger dimensions is demonstrated up to 150 mm wafer diameter. A vertical outgassing channel design is developed to accomplish high-quality IIIâV epitaxial transfer to silicon in a timely and dimension-independent fashion
Privatisation, outsourcing and employment relations in Israel
This chapter focuses on the effect that outsourcing, as a subset of privatization, has had on employment relations in Israel. In particular, chapter highlights the adverse, and perhaps counter-intuitive, effects that the law has had on the plight of Israeli contract workers.
Israeli governmental agencies and local councils have turned to outsourcing as a means to circumventing post limits and due to the Ministry of Financeâs pressures to increase âflexibilityâ in the civil service. Intriguingly, paradoxically, and tragically, the lawâs effort to regulate this growing phenomenon has led employers resorting to tactics which have redefined agency workers (teachers, nurses, etc) as workers subject to the âoutsourcing of servicesâ (teaching, nursing, etc). This has moved such workers into a legal void, depriving them of rights and protection
How 'universal' is the United Nations' Universal Periodic Review process? An examination of the discussions held on polygamy
In 2006, United Nations Human Rights Council was tasked to establish a new human rights monitoring mechanism: Universal Periodic Review process. The primary aim of this process is to promote and protect the universality of all human rights issues and concerns via a dialogical peer review process. The aim of this investigation isto ask the following question: has this claim of promoting and protecting the universality of the human rights been met, or challenged, during state reviews in the UPR process? The issue of polygamy has been selected as the focus for this investigation to be used, primarily, as a tool to undertake an in-depth analysis of the discussions held during state reviews in the review process. In addition, this paper will employ scholarly debates between universalism and cultural relativism, as well as the sophisticated and nuanced approaches that fall in between the polarised opposites, to analyse the discussions held on human rights during state reviews. Ultimately, the findings and discussion of this investigation will provide a unique and valuable insight to the work and operation of the UPR process, so far
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