Use of arthroscopy in the treatment of fragmented medial coronoid process of the ulna: case report in a dog

The term elbow dysplasia (ED) describes the state of the elbow joint caused by abnormal development.The most common lesions found in the elbow joint are the fragmented medial coronoid process (FMCP) of the ulna, the osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the medial portion of the humeral condyle, the isolated processus anconeus (IPA) and articular incongruity (AI). The treatment for FMCP can be conservative or srrgical. Surgical techniques are varied but, usually, aim at removing the affected pieces of cartilage and, or, bone from the elbow joint. This paper reports the success of the arthroscopic technique in the treatment of FMCP in a dog.O termo displasia de cotovelo (DC) descreve um estado anormal da articulação úmero-rádio-ulnar, causada por desenvolvimento inadequado da mesma. As lesões mais comumente encontradas são fragmentação do processo coronóide medial (FPCM) da ulna, osteocondrite dissecante (OCD) da porção medial do côndilo umeral, não união do processo ancôneo (NUPA) e incongruência articular (IA). O tratamento para FPCM pode ser conservativo ou cirúrgico. As técnicas cirúrgicas empregadas são variadas, mas em geral se baseiam na remoção de "flaps" cartilaginosos ou ósseos da articulação. Este trabalho relata o êxito do tratamento da FPCM da ulna utilizando-se a técnica de artroscopia

Dacriocistografia em cães com o emprego da ressonância magnética (DCG-RM) e da tomografia computadorizada (DCG-TC)

A dacriocistografia convencional (DCG) é a técnica de imagem mais utilizada para a avaliação do sistema lacrimal excretor. Recentemente, DCG por ressonância magnética (DCG-RM) e por tomografia computadorizada (DCG-TC) têm sido empregadas em pacientes humanos. No entanto, em cães, os relatos de investigações sobre estas técnicas são escassos. Os objetivos, com este estudo, foram: o desenvolvimento de protocolos de RM e TC; a comparação destas técnicas para avaliação do sistema lacrimal excretar; a avaliação biométrica do ducto nasolacrimal e a apresentação da utilidade de ferramentas de reconstrução tridimensional para a visibilização do sistema lacrimal excretor em cães. Material e Métodos: DCG-RM e DCG-CT foram realizadas bilateralmente em 32 cadáveres de cães. Após canulado, o canalículo superior foi preenchido com meio de contraste (contraste iodado puro e gadolinio 1:200, para CT e RM respectivamente). Imagens transversais e tridimensionais de TC foram obtidas utilizando-se cortes de 0,8mm e 2mm de espessura. O protocolo de RM incluiu as sequências T1W/3D/FFE, T1WfTSE e PDW/TSE. Em ambas as técnicas, foram testadas as orientações perpendicular e obliqua dos cortes. Os diâmetros transversais e longitidinais e o comprimento dos ductos nasolacrimais de 23 cães foram mensurados bilateralmente. Resultados: no exame de DCG-TC, todos os componentes foram visibilizados de modo satisfatório na grande maioria dos animais. O exame de DCG-RM apresentou tempo de varredura mais longo, obtendo-se melhores resultados com a seqüência T1W/3D/FFE. As médias dos diâmetros transversais para os grupos de peso corporal 1, 2 e 3 nas três regiões avaliadas variaram entre 1,07mm e 1,09mm. As médias dos diâmetros longitudinais para as classes 1, 2 e 3 nas três regiões...Conventional radiographic cannulation dacryocystography is the most commonly used technique for evaluallon of the nasolacrimal system. Recently, MR-DCG and CT¬DCG have been extensively employed in humans patients. Systemafic investigations of these techniques in dogs are not frequently observed in medicai literature. The objectives of this study are: 1, development of MR-DCG and CT-DCG protocols and the comparison between these techniques for the evaluation of the nasolacrimal system in dogs and 2, biometric evaluation of the nasolacrimal duct and to test the usefulness of 3D reconstruction techniques for visualization of this system in dogs. Material and Methods: MR-DCG and CT-DCG were bilaterally performed in 32 cadavers of dogs. The superior lacrimal canaliculi was canulated and contrast media injected (Imerone and Omniscan® 1:200, for CT and MR respectively). CT transverse and 3D images were obtained using 0.8 to 2mm-thick slices. MR protocol included transverse images obtained by T1W/3D/FFE, T1WfTSE and PDW/TSE sequences. For both techniques, two sfice orientations were tested: perpendicular and oblique to the hard palate. Transverse and longitudinal diameters and total length of the nasolacrimal ducts of 23 dogs were bilaterally obtained. Results: in CT scans, ali the structures could be well visualized in great majority of the dogs. MR images required longer scan time. Sequence T1W/3D/FFE offered beber results when compared to PDWTTSE and T1WTTSE. The mean longitudinal diameter of the nasolacrimal duct in weight classes 1, 2 and 3 in ali regions ranged between 1,07mm e 1,09mm. The mean transversal diameter of the nasolacrimal duct in weight classes 1, 2 and 3 in ali regions ranged between 1,34mm e 3,31 mm. The mean length of the nasolacrimal duct in weight classes 1, 2 and 3 were respecfively 70mm, 93,55mm... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Blood cells attachment after root conditioning and PRP application: An in vitro study

Aim: Root conditioning is aimed at smear layer removal and at dental matrix collagen exposure, which may promote periodontal regeneration. This in vitro study assessed smear layer removal, collagen fiber exposure and the influence of PRP (platelet-rich plasma) application on adhesion of blood cells to the root surface using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Materials and methods: Scaled root samples (n = 160) were set in five groups and conditioned with: group I - control group (saline solution); group II (EDTA 24%); group III (citric acid 25%); group IV (tetracycline hydrochloride 50 mg/ml); group V (sodium citrate 30%). Eighty samples were assessed using the root surface modification index (RSMI). The other eighty samples were set in two groups. The first group (n = 40) received PRP gel application with a soft brush and the second group (n = 40) received PRP application and then a blood drop. The fibrin clot formation was assessed in the first group and the blood cells adhesion was assessed in the second group using the BEAI (blood elements adhesion index). A previously trained, calibrated, and blind examiner evaluated photomicrographs. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis's and Dunn's tests. Results: Group III attained the best results for RSMI and BEAI. Moreover, it was the only group showing fibrin clot formation. Conclusion: Citric acid was the most efficient conditioner for smear layer removal, collagen fiber exposure and blood cell adhesion. Moreover, it was the only group showing fibrin clot formation after PRP application. Clinical significance: This study demonstrated that root conditioning followed by PRP application may favor blood cell adhesion on root surface which may optimize periodontal healing

Hemilaminectomia no tratamento de osteocondromatose vertebral em gato

O termo osteocondromatose refere-se a anormalidades proliferativas benignas de tecido cartilaginoso que acomete ossos de origem endocondral. Esta condição pode ser solitária ou múltipla e, neste último caso, é referida como exostose múltipla cartilaginosa (EMC). em felinos, é caracterizada pelo surgimento em animais adultos e por apresentar desenvolvimento progressivo. A osteocondromatose pode ser silenciosa e o paciente poderá apresentar sinais clínicos quando o desenvolvimento das exostoses resultar em compressão de estruturas vitais, como a medula espinhal. em felinos, a enfermidade não possui tratamento conhecido devido ao seu caráter recidivante. Este trabalho relata o êxito da aplicação de hemilaminectomia no tratamento de osteocondromatose vertebral em gato.Osteochondromatosis refers to benign proliferations of cartilaginous tissue ocurring in bones with endochondral development. This condition may be solitary or multiple and, in this case, is known as Multiple Cartilaginous Exostosis (MCE). In felines, usually occurs in adult animals and has progressive development. This disease can be silent until vital structures are not affected. No treatment is known in cats because of the high risk of recidives. This report shows the success of hemilaminectomy in the treatment of vertebral osteochondromatosis in a cat

Impact of chemical agents for surface treatments on microhardness and flexural strength of root dentin

This study assessed the cross-sectional Knoop microhardness and flexural strength of root dentin exposed to different surface treatments with chemical agents after biomechanical preparation. Root canals from human canines were biomechanically treated and divided into eight groups (n=10) to receive one of the following dentin treatments: I. Deionized water (control); II. 5.25% Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); III. NaOCl + 10% Sodium ascorbate (SA); IV. SA; V. 2% Chlorhexidine gel (CHX); VI. 37% Phosphoric acid gel (PA) + CHX; VII. PA; and VIII. PA + NaOCl. The roots were sectioned to obtain specimens that were evaluated for cross-sectional Knoop microhardness and flexural strength using a three-point bending test. ANOVA and Tukey’s test were performed. The microhardness in the control group was significantly higher (p 0.05) to each other. Regarding flexural strength, PA+NaOCl provided statistical higher values than PA+CHX and CHX. However, there was no significant difference between the control group and those groups subjected to surface treatment (p > 0.05). Dentin microhardness was reduced after exposure to NaOCl, CHX, PA, SA and their associations and the flexural strength of radicular dentin was not affected by the chemical agents.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Smear layer removal and collagen fiber exposure using tetracycline hydrochloride conditioning

Aim: Smear layer removal and collagen fiber exposure may improve periodontal treatment and regeneration. This in vitro study assessed smear layer removal and collagen fiber exposure after tetracycline hydrochloride (TTC) application on root surfaces using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Methods and Materials: Root cementum was removed with diamond burs followed by scaling and root planning. Four hundred fifty samples were divided into ten groups: a control (saline application) and nine different TTC concentrations were applied at doses of 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, and 250 mg/ml. The TTC application was performed in all groups in three different ways (passive, brushing, and burnishing) and at three different periods of conditioning (1, 2, and 3 minutes). A previously trained, calibrated, and blind examiner evaluated photomicrographs of the samples using Sampaio's index (2005). Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis' and Dunn's tests. Results: The concentrations of 50 mg/mL and 75 mg/mL applied by burnishing were the most effective in smear layer removal and collagen fiber exposure. Both the passive mode of application (p=0.0001) and 1 minute period of application (p=0.002) were the least effective. Conclusions: The concentrations of 50 mg/mL and 75 mg/mL applied by burnishing during 2 or 3 minutes were the most effective. Clinical Significance: These parameters may be applied in periodontal procedures involving TTC root conditioning to optimize results

Frequence of antibodies for Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in dogs in northest of São Paulo State

Investigou-se a presença de anticorpos anti- N. caninum e anti- T. gondii em 295 soros colhidos de cães oriundos da região Nordeste do Estado de São Paulo, com o objetivo de correlacionar a presença de anticorpos com eventuais distúrbios clínicos. Todas as amostras de soros foram examinadas pela reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI) para ambos protozoários. As reações com recíprocas de títulos igual ou maior que 50 (N. caninum) e 16 ( T. gondii) foram consideradas positivas. Diluições seqüenciais foram efetuadas até a obtenção do título sorológico final. Os resultados revelaram que 25 (8,48%) e 151 (51,19%) dos cães examinados apresentavam anticorpos anti- N. caninum e anti- T. gondii, respectivamente. Anticorpos para ambos os coccídios foram detectados em 17 animais (5,76%). Dos 58 cães (19,66%) que apresentavam sintomatologia nervosa, foram detectados anticorpos em 04 (1,36%) para N. caninum e em 24 (8,14%) para T. gondii. Apesar da literatura atribuir a ambos coccídios a etiologia de distúrbios neurológicos em cães, os resultados obtidos não revelaram correlação significativa (P>0,05) entre sorologia positiva e a presença de neuropatias nos animais examinados. Experimentos especialmente delineados necessitam ser conduzidos, principalmente com N. caninum, para elucidar essa eventual e importante correlação.Two hundred and ninety five samples of canine sera, of dogs from northeast of Sao Paulo State were tested using an immunofluorescent antibody technique (RIFI-IgG) for the presence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. The relationship between antibodies and casual clinical problems also were investigated. The reactions with title = 50 ( N. caninum) and = 16 ( T. gondii) were considered positive. A total of 25 (8,48%) of tested samples were reactive and 270 (91,52%) non-reactive to N. caninum, while 151 (51,19%) of the samples were reactive and 144 (48,81%) were non-reactive to T. gondii. Dogs with serum that reacted positively to both protozons parasites were seen in 17 animals (5,76%). From 58 dogs (19,66%), that showed nervous sintomatology, were detected antibodies in 04 (1,36%) to N. caninum and in 24 (8,14%) to T. gondii. Statistical differences (P < 0,05) between normal dogs and dogs with nervous sintomatology were not observed, despite of some papers have associated nervous signals with these parasites. More experiments should be conduced to show the relationship between N. caninum and clinical problem

Rehabilitacion oral sobre implantes instalados por medio de la tecnica sin colgajo (flapless) y carga inmediata

The oral rehabilitation with osseointegrated implants is a well-documented treatment with high rate of success. Nevertheless, demands related to treatment time and surgical technique began to appear. In this context, the procedure of immediate loading in which the dental prosthesis is placed right after implant surgery has become a constant practice. Although immediate loading has been an important advance, minimally invasive procedures, such as implant placement without raising a mucoperiosteal flap (flapless) are increasingly being performed. Association of immediate loading with the flapless technique improves acceptance by patients and professionals, because no suturing is required. Moreover, it reduces swelling, bleeding during and after surgery, postoperative pain, surgery time, discomfort and hematoma, as well as the need for postoperative medication. These characteristics ease the stages of rehabilitation soon after implant placement, cooperating with prosthodontist's work. Thus, the proposal of this study is to present a clinical case of oral rehabilitation with osseointegrated implants and fixed prosthesis in both arches, in which the flapless technique was applied, followed by immediate loading. It will discuss the diagnosis, prosthetic planning, surgical/prosthodontic procedures and follow-up for 20 months.La rehabilitación oral con implantes osteointegrados es un tratamiento que está bien documentado y con un alto porcentaje de éxito. Sin embargo, exigencias relacionadas al tiempo de tratamiento y a la técnica quirúrgica fueron surgiendo. En ese contexto, el procedimiento de carga inmediata, en el cual la prótesis dental es instalada inmediatamente después del procedimiento quirúrgico se tornó una práctica constante. A pesar de que la carga inmediata ha sido un importante avance, procedimientos mínimamente invasivos, como la instalación de implantes con la técnica directa, sin desplazamiento del colgajo mucoperiostio (flapless) vienen siendo cada vez más realizados. La asociación de la carga inmediata con la técnica directa o de flapless mejora la aceptación de los pacientes y profesionales, pues no hay necesidad de sutura, además de reducir el edema, la hemorragia durante y después de la cirugía, el dolor post-operatorio, el tiempo quirúrgico, la incomodidad y hematoma, reduciendo también la necesidad de medicación post-operatoria. Esas características facilitan las etapas de rehabilitación inmediatamente después de la colocación de los implantes, colaborando con el trabajo del técnico protésico. De esa forma, la propuesta de este trabajo es presentar un caso clínico de rehabilitación oral con implantes osteointegrados y prótesis fijas en ambas arcadas, donde se realizó la técnica directa seguida por carga inmediata, relatando el diagnóstico, planificación, procedimientos quirúrgico/protésicos y seguimiento de 20 meses