OPERACIJE UJEDINjENIH NACIJA ZA IZGRADNjU MIRA I POJAM «ODRŽIVOG MIRA»

The end of Cold War and the outbreak of highly destructive civil conflicts across the globe mandated a new approach to human security that would go beyond the constraints contained in the principle of state sovereignty. The peacebuilding strategies became its embodiment while the United Nations grow into an international workshop in which new, complex peacebuilding missions were born. The institution building directed at creating stable institutions of democratic governance and market economy gained prominent place in these new types of peace operations. Further development of the peacebuilding praxis lead to the raise of international administration missions the main feature of which was exercise of quasi-governmental functions in the war-torn countries. The notion of "sustainable peace" is key for understanding of the way in which these new types of UN missions were devised, what is their relationship with the conflict resolution theories and to which extent they match to the vision from which they rose.Završetak Hladnog rata i širenje građanskih sukoba postavili su nove izazove pri rešavanju pitanja globale bezbednosti. Potreba da se pronađu načini uspostavljanja bezbednosti koji više ne bi bili sputani načelom suvereniteta rezultirala je pojavom strategija za izgradnju mira (”peacebuilding”). Ujedinjene nacije su postale međunarodna radionica u kojoj su se rađale kompleksne misije za izgradnju mira. Podizanje i osnaživanje institucija demokratije i tržišne privrede dobili su centralno mesto u mirovnim misijama koje su vremenom počele da obuhvataju i upravljanje teritorijama na kojima su uspostavljane. Pojam ”održivog mira” ključan je za razumevanje načina na koji su ove novovremenske misije Ujedinjenih nacija koncipirane, njihovog odnosa sa savremenim teorijama o rešavanju sukoba i njihove suštinske usklađenosti sa vizijom iz koje su potekle

Original Research By Young Twinkle Students (ORBYTS): Ephemeris Refinement of Transiting Exoplanets III

We report photometric follow-up observations of thirteen exoplanets (HATS-1 b, HATS-2 b, HATS-3 b, HAT-P-18 b, HAT-P-27 b, HAT-P-30 b, HAT-P-55 b, KELT-4A b, WASP-25 b, WASP-42 b, WASP-57 b, WASP-61 b and WASP-123 b), as part of the Original Research By Young Twinkle Students (ORBYTS) programme. All these planets are potentially viable targets for atmospheric characterisation and our data, which were taken using the LCOGT network of ground-based telescopes, will be combined with observations from other users of ExoClock to ensure that the transit times of these planets continue to be well-known, far into the future

Diagnostic importance of cystatin c and creatinine for contrast-induced acute kidney injury

Background/Aim. Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a common complication after the percutaneous coronary intervention, associated with a prolonged hospital stay, increased medical costs, and risk of adverse clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare changes in levels of serum creatinine (sCr) and cystatin C (sCyC) 24 h after coronary angiography as an early indicator of CI-AKI. Methods. The study included 45 patients with chronic renal failure grade I-III scheduled for coronary angiography. Levels of sCr and sCyC were measured a day before and 24 h after coronary angiography. CI-AKI was defined as a 25% and 10% increase of sCr and sCyC levels from baseline within 24 h from contrast media exposure, in the absence of alternative causes. Results. Mean sCr and sCyC concentra-tions were 86.4 ± 22.6 μmol/L and 1.18 ± 0.52 mg/dL, re-spectively before contrast administration, and 90.6 ± 24.1 μmol/L and 1.24 ± 0.65 mg/dL, respectively 24 h after contrast media exposure. sCr-based CI-AKI occurred in 4 patients (8.89%) and sCyC-based CI-AKI was detected in 19 patients (42.22%) after the contrast procedure (p < 0.001). Conclusion. sCyC level measured 24 h after con-trast media exposure is a more sensitive indicator of CI-AKI than sCR level

Effect of Vitamin D on proteinuria, lipid status, glycoregulation and C-reactive protein in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus

© 2020 Inst. Sci. inf., Univ. Defence in Belgrade. All rights reserved. Background/Aim: Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency is often present in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and could present a risk factor for rapid progression of diabetic nephropathy and for higher incidence of cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of vitamin D supplementation on proteinuria, cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein (CRP) and hemoglobin A1c in patients with type-2 DM and vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency. Methods: This prospective, cohort study included 90 patients with type-2 DM and vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency divided into 3 equal groups: with normal proteinura, with microproteinuria and with macroproteinuria. Therapy included six months of supplementation with cholecalciferol drops: first two months with 20,000 IU twice weekly, than if level of vitamin D was below normal the same dose was given next four months. If the level of vitamin D was normal 5,000 IU was given twice weekly. At the begining and at the end of the study the levels of urea, creatinine, fasting blood glucose, calcium, phosphorus, cholesterol, triglycerides, CRP, hemoglobin A1c, intact parathyroid hormone, 24-hour urine protein and creatinine clearance were determined. Levels of calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D were also checked 2 months after beginning of therapy due to possible correction of cholecalciferol dose. Results: The lowest level of vitamin D before therapy was found in patients with macroproteinuria, while at the end of the study the significantly higher level of vitamin D was found in all three groups. After 6 months of therapy a significant decrease of 24-hour urine protein, cholesterol, triglycerides, hemoglobin A1c in all three groups, and CRP in patients with normal proteinuria and microproteinuria were found. Significantly negative correlation between vitamin D and 24-hour urine protein, cholesterol and CRP was found in patients with macroproteinuria. Also, significantly negative correlation was found between vitamin D and hemoglobin A1c, in patients with normal proteinuria, vitamin D and CRP in patients with microproteinuria. Conclusion: A preventive use of high-dose cholecalciferol supplementation in patients with type-2 DM (with or without proteinuria) decreases cholesterol, triglycerides, proteinuria, CRP and hemoglobin A1c