1,737 research outputs found
Quantum and Classical Disparity and Accord
Discrepancies and accords between quantum (QM) and classical mechanics (CM)
related to expectation values and periods are found for both the simple
harmonic oscillator (SHO) and a free particle in a box (FPB), which may apply
generally. These indicate non-locality is expected throughout QM. The FPB
energy states violate the Correspondence Principle. Previously unexpected
accords are found and proven that the classical and quantum expectation values
are the same for the expectation value of the second moment and the beat period
(i.e. beats between the phases for adjoining energy states) for the SHO for all
quantum numbers, n. However, for the FPB the beat periods differ significantly
at small n. It is shown that a particle's velocity in an infinite square well
varies, no matter how wide the box, nor how far the particle is from the walls.
The quantum free particle variances share an indirect commonality with the
Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher effects in that there is a quantum action in
the absence of a force. The concept of an "Expectation Value over a Partial
Well Width" is introduced. This paper raises the question as to whether these
inconsistencies are undetectable, or can be empirically ascertained. These
inherent variances may need to be fixed, or nature is manifestly more
non-classical than expected.Comment: To be Published in International Journal of Theoretical Physics.
Published on line by IJTP 23 Sept.2008: Original at
http://www.springerlink.co
Cluster-Impact Fusion and Effective Deuteron Temperature
Temperature and kinematic line broadening are the primary contributions to
the width of the proton energy spectrum measured in cluster-impact fusion
experiments. By ascertaining these two contributions, we have determined an
effective temperature for the high-velocity deuteron component that is
responsible for the measured fusion yield. The extracted effective temperature
is substantially higher than conventional estimates., and implies that
cluster-impact fusion is hot fusion on an atomic scale. The proton spectrum
rules out contaminants in explaining the high yield.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures. PACS numbers: 79.20.RF, 25.45.--z, 47.40.Nm,
52.50. L
Is Quantum Mechanics Incompatible with Newton's First Law
Quantum mechanics (QM) clearly violates Newton's First Law of Motion (NFLM)
in the quantum domain for one of the simplest problems, yielding an effect in a
force-free region much like the Aharonov-Bohm effect. In addition, there is an
incompatibility between the predictions of QM in the classical limit, and that
of classical mechanics (CM) with respect to NFLM. A general argument is made
that such a disparity may be found commonly for a wide variety of quantum
predictions in the classical limit. Alternatives to the Schrodinger equation
are considered that might avoid this problem. The meaning of the classical
limit is examined. Critical views regarding QM by Schrodinger, Bohm, Bell,
Clauser, and others are presented to provide a more complete perspective.Comment: Paper has been revised to conform to published versio
Phospholemman: a novel cardiac stress protein.
Phospholemman (PLM), a member of the FXYD family of regulators of ion transport, is a major sarcolemmal substrate for protein kinases A and C in cardiac and skeletal muscle. In the heart, PLM co-localizes and co-immunoprecipitates with Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger, and L-type Ca(2+) channel. Functionally, when phosphorylated at serine(68), PLM stimulates Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase but inhibits Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger in cardiac myocytes. In heterologous expression systems, PLM modulates the gating of cardiac L-type Ca(2+) channel. Therefore, PLM occupies a key modulatory role in intracellular Na(+) and Ca(2+) homeostasis and is intimately involved in regulation of excitation-contraction (EC) coupling. Genetic ablation of PLM results in a slight increase in baseline cardiac contractility and prolongation of action potential duration. When hearts are subjected to catecholamine stress, PLM minimizes the risks of arrhythmogenesis by reducing Na(+) overload and simultaneously preserves inotropy by inhibiting Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger. In heart failure, both expression and phosphorylation state of PLM are altered and may partly account for abnormalities in EC coupling. The unique role of PLM in regulation of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger, and potentially L-type Ca(2+) channel in the heart, together with the changes in its expression and phosphorylation in heart failure, make PLM a rational and novel target for development of drugs in our armamentarium against heart failure. Clin Trans Sci 2010; Volume 3: 189-196
The influence of direct -meson production to the determination on the nucleon strangeness asymmetry via dimuon events in neutrino experiments
Experimentally, the production of oppositely charged dimuon events by
neutrino and anti-neutrino deep inelastic scattering (DIS) is used to determine
the strangeness asymmetry inside a nucleon. Here we point out that the direct
production of -meson in DIS may make substantial influence to the
measurement of nucleon strange distributions. The direct -meson production
is via the heavy quark recombination (HQR) and via the light quark
fragmentation from perturbative QCD (LQF-P). To see the influence precisely, we
compute the direct -meson productions via HQR and LQF-P quantitatively and
estimate their corrections to the analysis of the strangeness asymmetry. The
results show that HQR has stronger effect than LQF-P does, and the former may
influence the experimental determination of the nucleon strangeness asymmetry.Comment: 9 latex pages, 7 figure
Satellites of the largest Kuiper Belt objects
We have searched the four brightest objects in the Kuiper Belt for the presence of satellites using the newly commissioned Keck Observatory Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics system. Satellites are seen around three of the four objects: Pluto (whose satellite Charon is well-known and whose recently discovered smaller satellites are too faint to be detected), 2003 EL61 (where a second satellite is seen in addition to the previously known satellite), and 2003 UB313 (where a satellite is seen for the first time). The object 2005 FY9, the brightest Kuiper Belt object (KBO) after Pluto, does not have a satellite detectable within 0".4 with a brightness of more than 1% of the primary. The presence of satellites around three of the four brightest KBOs is inconsistent with the fraction of satellites in the Kuiper Belt at large at the 99.2% confidence level, suggesting a different formation mechanism for these largest KBO satellites. The two satellites of 2003 EL61, and the one satellite of 2003 UB313, with fractional brightnesses of 5% and 1.5%, and 2%, of their primaries, respectively, are significantly fainter relative to their primaries than other known KBO satellites, again pointing to possible differences in their origin
Initial Hubble Diagram Results from the Nearby Supernova Factory
The use of Type Ia supernovae as distance indicators led to the discovery of
the accelerating expansion of the universe a decade ago. Now that large second
generation surveys have significantly increased the size and quality of the
high-redshift sample, the cosmological constraints are limited by the currently
available sample of ~50 cosmologically useful nearby supernovae. The Nearby
Supernova Factory addresses this problem by discovering nearby supernovae and
observing their spectrophotometric time development. Our data sample includes
over 2400 spectra from spectral timeseries of 185 supernovae. This talk
presents results from a portion of this sample including a Hubble diagram
(relative distance vs. redshift) and a description of some analyses using this
rich dataset.Comment: Short version of proceedings for ICHEP08, Philadelphia PA, July 2008;
see v1 for full-length versio
Compactness and existence results in weighted Sobolev spaces of radial functions. Part II: Existence
We prove existence and multiplicity results for finite energy solutions to
the nonlinear elliptic equation where is a radial domain (bounded or
unbounded) and satisfies on if and as
if is unbounded. The potential may be vanishing or unbounded at
zero or at infinity and the nonlinearity may be superlinear or sublinear.
If is sublinear, the case with is also considered.Comment: 29 pages, 8 figure
Atmospheric extinction properties above Mauna Kea from the Nearby Supernova Factory spectro-photometric data set
We present a new atmospheric extinction curve for Mauna Kea spanning
3200--9700 \AA. It is the most comprehensive to date, being based on some 4285
standard star spectra obtained on 478 nights spread over a period of 7 years
obtained by the Nearby SuperNova Factory using the SuperNova Integral Field
Spectrograph. This mean curve and its dispersion can be used as an aid in
calibrating spectroscopic or imaging data from Mauna Kea, and in estimating the
calibration uncertainty associated with the use of a mean extinction curve. Our
method for decomposing the extinction curve into physical components, and the
ability to determine the chromatic portion of the extinction even on cloudy
nights, is described and verified over the wide range of conditions sampled by
our large dataset. We demonstrate good agreement with atmospheric science data
obtain at nearby Mauna Loa Observatory, and with previously published
measurements of the extinction above Mauna Kea.Comment: 22 pages, 24 figures, 6 table
Critical Review of Theoretical Models for Anomalous Effects (Cold Fusion) in Deuterated Metals
We briefly summarize the reported anomalous effects in deuterated metals at
ambient temperature, commonly known as "Cold Fusion" (CF), with an emphasis on
important experiments as well as the theoretical basis for the opposition to
interpreting them as cold fusion. Then we critically examine more than 25
theoretical models for CF, including unusual nuclear and exotic chemical
hypotheses. We conclude that they do not explain the data.Comment: 51 pages, 4 Figure
- …